How to preserve Chinese painting ...

Some ancient paintings and calligraphy are very famous, spanning nearly a thousand years. Some even rely on the "indigenous method" of turning calligraphy and painting by hand and adding camphor to tobacco to properly preserve calligraphy and painting cultural relics so far. Calligraphy and painting are exquisite works of art and must be hung in the hall for a certain period of time. During the exhibition, attention should be paid to timely dust removal. Dust absorbs harmful gases and is suspended in the air. If it is deposited on the picture for a long time, it will corrode the picture. Dust removal method: Use the cold air of the blower to make an angle of 30 degrees with the picture, and keep the distance from 10 to 15 cm to sweep from right to left. Someone wiped the dust off the calligraphy and painting with a dry cloth or brush. This method is not suitable. Because of the hard texture of dry cloth or brush, hard wiping will damage the paper, and the pressure during wiping can make some dust drill into the pores of the paper. Calligraphy and painting should be placed flat on the table and gently dusted with a feather broom; If it is difficult to wipe off the dust on the drooping shaft, you can gently clean it with a long wool soft brush or use a vacuum cleaner with a soft brush to sweep the painting, and you can't wipe the painting with a rag. Harmful dust will invade the lines of drawing paper in the process of wiping, causing long-term damage. You should pay attention to the humidity of the air during the exhibition and hanging. If it rains continuously and the air humidity is too high, you can scroll the text first. We must pay more attention to the artificial changes of small space environment, such as heating, humidifying and perfuming. For heating in winter, calligraphy and painting should keep a certain distance from the heating and flue, and for cooling in summer, keep a long distance from the air inlet of air conditioner. Light has the greatest influence on painting, especially ultraviolet rays, which will transform and decompose the picture pigments and lead to changes in paper. Ultraviolet rays mainly come from sunlight. Therefore, when hanging pictures, you should not be close to the window to avoid direct sunlight on the picture. The visible light emitted by light bulbs or fluorescent lamps has little effect, but long-term close-range irradiation will also make the paper of calligraphy and painting yellow. Keep the distance between the light bulb and the calligraphy and painting above 1 m. After hanging for a period of time, it is necessary to observe whether the surface has changed. When rolling calligraphy and painting, loosen it first and then tighten it, then loosen it and then roll it, and then slowly rotate the shaft to tighten the picture scroll. Then tie it with picture tape, too loose will make the picture loose and easy to fold; Too tight will leave a hard mark in the middle of the picture scroll, which will affect the overall beauty of the picture.

Calligraphy and painting should not be hung naked for a long time. Some people hang calligraphy and painting from New Year's Day until the end of the year, even if they don't change it for several years. Due to long-term wind and sun exposure, it is easy to weather. Over time, it will make the paper brittle and easy to break, and the decorative painting will be eclipsed and lack luster. But calligraphy and painting are mainly used to decorate the environment and facilitate appreciation. The solution to this contradiction is to try not to hang naked for a long time. Calligraphy and painting can be mounted first, surrounded by silk or silk, and then framed according to the size of the calligraphy and painting to avoid weathering and dust pollution. You can also hang it twice a year for one to two months at a time.

In order to make calligraphy and painting "youthful forever", the first thing is to prevent insects, mildew and fire. Secondly, control and adjust the temperature and humidity. Require the painting and calligraphy cabinet or box to be sealed. Make the preservation environment relatively stable. Yangjiang lacquer suitcase is commonly used by the people. It is made of Chinese fir, covered with paper inside and outside, and painted with black wood paint to avoid light and moisture. Good sealing performance. Now we use a safe with good sealing performance. But no matter what kind of cabinet is used, calligraphy and painting should be put in the air, that is, things like wooden strips should be overhead, leaving a certain space below to put desiccant, insect repellent and mildew inhibitor, and then putting calligraphy and painting on wooden strips. For safety reasons, these reagents should be wrapped in cloth or paper with good air permeability. If you want to carry and transport calligraphy and painting, you must open the cabinet. Take out the medicine, then put the calligraphy and painting in it and put it in a fixed place, so that the calligraphy and painting will not touch each other in the box. When you arrive at a new place, put the protective medicine back and seal it for protection. According to practice, the most suitable storage temperature of calligraphy and painting is 14 to 18 degrees, and the most suitable relative humidity is 50% to 60%. This condition is not conducive to the growth and reproduction of microorganisms and molds. To control humidity, mainly use desiccant to change color silica gel or anhydrous calcium chloride. In order to control the temperature, air conditioning can be used.

To prevent rats from biting, moth-eaten, moisture-proof and mildew-proof. You can also make a long cylindrical special cloth bag and collect it and hang it in the air. Moths (also known as clothing fish and paper fish) are wingless insects, which generally feed on the surface of paintings and calligraphy, especially harmful to paste. The larvae of Bemisia tabaci do great harm to painting and calligraphy. They like to make holes in painting and calligraphy and hide themselves in the holes at the same time. Generally speaking, insect repellent is used for painting and calligraphy to prevent insects. Health balls, mothballs, p-dichlorobenzene and other commonly used drugs are white solids, which are volatile. Among them, p-dichlorobenzene has the strongest insecticidal ability. The collection of calligraphy and painting should be checked several times a year. Choose sunny and dry weather, hang the calligraphy and painting one by one, blow away the water and put it away. The photo album also needs to be opened to let the moisture dissipate. Don't expose calligraphy and painting in the sun, otherwise the paper will become brittle and the color of the picture will fade. If it is found that the calligraphy and painting have been eaten by mice and insects, those with small holes can be repaired during mounting; If the hole is too big or damaged, whether it can be remedied needs to be checked by a professional paperhanger. The damp and moldy calligraphy and painting should be carefully unfolded to prevent it from being broken. If it gets wet quickly, blow-dry it from the back or blow-dry, and then frame it.