According to Modern Chinese Dictionary, cultural relics are "valuable things left over from the history of cultural development, such as buildings, inscriptions, tools, weapons, household appliances and various works of art", and Ci Hai defines cultural relics as: "Historical relics left behind in society or buried underground generally include: (1) related to major historical events, revolutionary movements and important people. (2) Sites of ancient culture, ancient tombs, ancient buildings and caves of historical, artistic and scientific value. (3) Valuable works of art and arts and crafts in different times; (4) Revolutionary documents and ancient books and materials of historical, artistic and scientific value; (5) The representative objects that reflect the social system, social production and social life of each era. 1982165438+1October19 article 2 of the law on the protection of cultural relics in People's Republic of China (PRC), which was adopted at the 25th meeting of the standing Committee of the fifth NPC, clearly stipulates the scope of cultural relics protection: "The following cultural relics with historical, artistic and scientific values in People's Republic of China (PRC),
(1) Sites of ancient culture, ancient tombs, ancient buildings, cave temples and stone carvings of historical, artistic and scientific value;
(two) buildings, sites and relics related to major historical events, revolutionary movements and famous people, which are of great commemorative, educational and historical value;
(3) Precious artworks and arts and crafts in different periods in history;
(four) important revolutionary documents and materials, as well as manuscripts and ancient books of historical, artistic and scientific value;
(five) representative objects reflecting the social systems, social production and social life of various times and ethnic groups in history.
Article 2 of the Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics also stipulates: "Fossils of ancient vertebrates and fossils of ancient humans with scientific value are protected by the state as cultural relics."
In the above provisions of the Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics, the scope of cultural relics protected by the state is clearly pointed out. We believe that the scope of national protection of cultural relics is also the content of cultural relics.
From this, the following points can be made clear: First, cultural relics generally have historical, artistic and scientific values. As for each cultural relic, it does not necessarily have three values, but it must have at least one value, otherwise it cannot be called a cultural relic.
Second, cultural relics should be important and representative objects. Without this, it should not be protected as a cultural relic.
Third, the cultural relics protected by the state have a wide range, and they should be representative objects that reflect the social system, social production, social life, culture, art, science and technology of past dynasties. Cultural relics are widely and closely related in all aspects. Only by comprehensively protecting all aspects of cultural relics can the value of cultural relics not be damaged.
At this point, we can answer what is a cultural relic. Cultural relics are historical, artistic and scientific relics left over from human social activities. It can also be said that it is the remains of material culture and spiritual culture in history, which has historical, artistic and scientific value and is an important cultural heritage.
Classification standard of cultural relics
category i historical relics
1, which reflects the relationship between production and economic and political systems in various historical periods in China, as well as the representative cultural relics related to social and historical development.
2. Representative cultural relics reflecting the development of productive forces, the progress of production technology and scientific inventions.
3 representative cultural relics that reflect the social and historical development of all ethnic groups, promote national unity and safeguard the reunification of the motherland.
4, reflecting the working people's resistance to economic exploitation and political oppression, the representative cultural relics of famous uprising leaders.
5. Representative cultural relics reflecting friendly exchanges between China and foreign countries and exchanges in politics, economy, military affairs, education, science and technology, culture and sports.
6. Historical events that reflect the Chinese nation's resistance to foreign aggression and aggression and representative cultural relics of important historical figures.
7. Representative cultural relics reflecting famous thinkers, scientists, inventors, politicians, military strategists, educators, writers, artists and famous craftsmen in past dynasties.
8. Representative cultural relics with special historical, artistic and scientific values, which reflect the living customs, culture and arts, arts and crafts and religious beliefs of all ethnic groups.
9. Representative rare books in China ancient books.
10, reflecting the major events in the international proletarian movement and the revolutionary practice activities of outstanding leaders, as well as the representative cultural relics of internationalist fighters who made great contributions to the China revolution.
1 1, a representative cultural relic reflecting major historical events, leaders and famous martyrs since the founding of China * * * Production Party.
12, a representative cultural relic reflecting major events, important figures, patriotic overseas Chinese and social celebrities of various parties and groups in China.
13, other representative cultural relics at home and abroad with particularly important historical, artistic and scientific values.