Since the invention of * *, it is difficult to stop the custom of flogging in the New Year. "Nerve" says that there is shame in Xishan Mountain, and it is hot and cold to commit it.
But it is afraid of bamboo bursting. So people burn bamboo to drive it away.
A poet in the Tang Dynasty wrote a poem: "The new calendar is only half open, and the small court is still bursting." Wang Anshi of the Song Dynasty wrote: "Besides firecrackers, the spring breeze sent warmth into Tu Su.
After the invention of * *, people still set off firecrackers during the Spring Festival. Fan Chengda described the process of setting off firecrackers in "The Journey of Firecrackers": "Cut off the gun barrel and simmer for five feet to get paid. During the intermission, the healthy servant still runs.
On the other hand, when the footsteps sounded, the children stood far in front and shouted loudly. One, two, a hundred ghosts are frightened, three, four, the ghost nest is crooked.
Ten sounds are in harmony with all gods, and all directions are in harmony. However, there is still enough power to drive away the disease.
"In the Southern Song Dynasty, there was an explosion in which * * was wrapped in papyrus paper and tied into a roll." "Old Wulin Story": "As for the battle of the explosive head, there are more than 100 hidden medicine lines.
This refers to firecrackers strung together with medicinal thread. In the Ming Dynasty, Li Chun wrote the poem "Firecrackers": "Self-pity ends in a small picture, and the heart refuses to accept the dust.
The season is coming, the cold flame is emitting, and there are thunder on people's heads. Singing "Thunder Rising", the north is called "Kick Kick".
The invention of * *, originally for a peaceful life, was later used in war, which is a human misfortune; It is a great misfortune for mankind to use it in the war of aggression. Second, Jiao Fang enjoyed another year of beautiful scenery.
Fortunately, there was no official uniform at the beginning of the year, and they gathered in the brothel to play the orchestral. In the Song Dynasty, Jiao Fang originally belonged to the imperial court and was an official prostitute; "In Shaoxing, Jiao Fang's name was abolished. In case of a big meeting of the imperial court or a holy day, the commander-in-chief of the imperial army arranged to play music before driving, and dialed musicians in front of the Lin' an yamen ... "Another private prostitute sang in the street.
If the government has something to do, such as setting up a liquor store to sell wine, in order to attract business, "official and private * * *, Qian Gu should only". Within a year, it is rare to have a rest.
Only the first day of the new year has leisure and entertainment. Third, next year, you don't have to go to the government door to send business cards to interview people.
This situation is everywhere, giving paper shops a lot of money. In the Song Dynasty, visiting New Year with business cards was called "flying posts".
A red paper bag with the word "Fu Fu" written on it is posted in front of every house just for flying. "Qingbo Magazine" said: "In Yuan You, servants are often used to stab people's names when celebrating the New Year.
It was still like this in the Ming Dynasty. Wen Zhiming's poem "Happy New Year" says: "I don't want to meet you, but I want to talk, and the famous articles are all about us."
I also throw some paper at people. The world is too simple and empty. The Moon Order in Yantai in the Qing Dynasty also described Beijing's "moon, shadows fly, cars go empty".
Modern greeting cards and greeting cards can be said to be its heritage. Fourthly, on the seventh day of plum blossom makeup in beginning of spring in the Tang Dynasty, plum blossom was given a new color.
If this person is in the hall with Zhang, he is suspected to be a Shouyang imperial concubine. In ancient times, the seventh day of the first month was regarded as the "People's Day", and the story recorded the first establishment of the "People's Day" in Dong Fangshuo.
Legend has it that when Song Wudi was born, Princess Shouyang was lying in the hall with chapters, and plum blossoms fell on the princess's forehead under the eaves to form a decoration; The custom of "plum blossom makeup" with red spots on the forehead spread to the Tang and Song Dynasties, and women painted various patterns on their faces. There are names such as "oblique red, face enamel"; Lip paintings have names such as "Wanjinhong, Dahong, Neijiayuan".
In fact, stippling and decoration on women's faces rose as early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Chu female figurines unearthed in Changsha have dots on their faces. In the Tang dynasty, sticking gold foil flowers on the face developed into a beauty fashion.
Golden spring plate beginning of spring is salty for spring plate flavor, with celery buds and leeks. Give each other friends and colleagues the same taste, and you don't have to wait for a good meal.
In ancient times, there was a custom of eating five spicy dishes in the spring. For example, Chronology of Jingchu's Age says: "On the first day of Yuan Dynasty, ... I drank Tu Su wine and served five spicy dishes.
"Geography in the early Zhou Dynasty": "Five-symplectic board, unitary system. Note: "Five spices make the five internal organs angry, namely garlic, garlic, leek, cloud moss and coriander.
Spiced board is also called spring board. "Legacy" contains: "In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Li E beginning of spring ordered reeds and celery buds as spring vegetables.
"Compendium of Materia Medica" said: "Five coriander is mixed with fresh and tender dishes such as onion, garlic, leek, wormwood and mustard to welcome the New Year on the first day of the New Year. This custom has been spread to the Tang, Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties.
For example, Yelu Chucai of Yuan Dynasty wrote a poem "Poor Spring Banquet on the First Day of Spring", in which he said that lotus root, pea, onion, Artemisia selengensis, leek and vermicelli were used for the spring banquet. Six, Tang put lights on the fire, trees and silver flowers, and tourists stayed for the Lantern Festival.
There are songs everywhere on the Climbing Star Bridge, and Jin Wu is forbidden to party. The fifteenth day of the first month is the first full moon night in a year, so it is called Yuan (Moon) night.
Taoism takes the fifteenth day of the first month as Shangyuan Festival. As early as the Han Dynasty, there was the custom of Lantern Festival, and it was even more grand in the Tang Dynasty.
Su Weidao's poem "The 15th Night of the First Month" says: "The fire trees and silver flowers are combined, and the stars and bridges are locked. The crowd is surging and the dust is flying under the horseshoe; Moonlight shines in every corner, where people can see the moon overhead.
Prostitutes are rich in plums and songs are beautiful. The capital has been abolished, so don't worry about the timing of leaking jade. Don't let the only midnight snack pass by in a hurry this year.
Become a classic of Yuanxiao poetry. In Tang Ruizong, the lantern tree is 20 feet high, and 50,000 lanterns are lit, the number of which is "fire tree".
"Jin Wu can't help it at night" means that the capital has made an exception to lift the curfew at night and allowed citizens to walk around the lights for three nights, also known as "lighting up". Seven, song silkworm divination playing tricks on rice fans, including good news to eat.
Although I set a good omen, I was overjoyed. Song and Yang Wanli wrote a poem, "On the night of Shangyuan, vulgar rice is silk, which is auspicious, so as to count the misfortune of one year old, it is called silkworm divination, which is a long sentence because of the play": "Shangyuan lives at home today, but it rains without lights in the village.
There is a small flute and drum across the stream. I wonder if there are any tourists? Children boil jade into silk, and auspicious words pray silently in the middle. The child can't wait for his body to take office early, and the daughter just wants to raise silkworms well. "Yun Yun.
It is said to be a local custom in Jizhou, Jiangxi, Yang Wanli's hometown. That is, the customs of sericulture areas in the south. Eight, I went to Chengtoumei Lantern Festival to travel with various diseases, and I couldn't help climbing Chengtou.
Out of the boudoir, in addition to all diseases, it is better than Yueyang wanzhanglou. Six pairs of Shanren's "Ci of Jincheng Zhi Zhu": "In order to travel around all diseases, the clothes are always tied.
Some chicken shoes are extremely thin and stick high on the female wall without help. It was described that it was a pleasure for women in Chengdu to travel around the city wall at midnight. 9. Tang sends the poor to the poor god every year, and the willow cart carries them out.
Drink up the wine and leave early; The old poor are approaching the new poor. The custom of sending the poor has existed since the Han Dynasty.
Yang Xiong in the Western Han Dynasty wrote a poem to eliminate poverty. According to Jin Gu Yuan Ji, the son of Levin is thin and compact, well dressed.
People use them to make new clothes, that is, they break them with fire. The palace is called a poor child.
On a dark day in the first month, the path died. People are in a mess now, abandoning junk. It was a sacrifice to heaven in an alley, saying it was to send the poor.
2. Ancient prose about festival customs-cold food
Zhou Li said: Si Xuan, Zhong Chun and Mu Duo were forbidden to make a fire in the middle school because Ji Chun wanted to make a fire. room
The Chronicle of Jingchu's Age says: On the150th day of the winter solstice, there was a gust of wind and even rain, which is called cold food. owner
The sage of Zhou Fei said: Taiyuan is old-fashioned, cloud mesons burn bones, and cold food in January does not dare to smoke. know
Lu Yao's "Zhong Ye Ji" said: It is also embarrassing to push out the fire for mesons 150 days after winter, and eat cold food for three days to make dry porridge. room
He also said: cold food for three days, making fermented cheese, cooking japonica rice and wheat to make cheese, pounding almonds and cooking porridge. owner
Ye Fan's Book of the Later Han Dynasty said: Zhou Ju moved to Bingzhou as a secretariat, and Taiyuan had a county. In the old custom, mesons were used to burn bones, which was forbidden by dragons. By the end of the month, it was said that the gods were unwilling to raise the fire and moved books to push the clouds in the temple. In mid-spring, eating cold food in January is unbearable for all ages. Today is only three days. room
Ancient and modern art pictures say: in the northern mountainous areas, cold food is used daily in autumn? Play with it, and learn with it lightly. owner
Li Chongsi's poem "Cold Food Poetry" said: The whole world is gone, and cigarettes are hidden everywhere. I don't know where the fire is, but my heart will burn when I come. archaic
On the way to Song Wenzhi's Cold Food Poetry, I said, "I'm going to have a cold food soon, and it's late spring on the way. I pity the river and don't see Luo Qiao people. " room
The poem "Cold Food" in Qiling, Shenquan: Cold food outside the ridge, no food in spring, Luo Zhong's new home, tomorrow will be clear. know
Wei Wudi was ordered to make a clear punishment order: I heard that it was forbidden to eat cold food 150 days after the winter solstice in Yanmen, Dangxi River, Taiyuan, and the cloud was pushed by an intermediary. In the cold land in the north, the old and the young are very weak, so people are not allowed to eat cold food. If you commit a crime, your parents will be fined for half a year, and the chief officer will be fined 100 days, so that the chief officer can get a monthly salary.
September ninth.
"Local Habits" said: On September 9, the law counted nine but did not shoot, and the custom was still this month. Cornus officinalis's house was turned into a plug, saying that it was to eliminate evil spirits and prevent early colds. owner
"Continued Jinyang Autumn" said: Tao Qian never tasted wine on September 9th, and picked chrysanthemums at home. Sitting beside it for a long time, Wang Hong sends wine, and even if he thinks about it, he will come back drunk. archaic
Continue to remember the peace: Ru 'nan visited the scenery and traveled with Fei Changfang for many years. Changfang said: On September 9, there will be disaster in your family, so hurry, let your family brew crimson capsules, bind the cornus officinalis, and climb high to drink chrysanthemum wine. This disaster can be eliminated. As the scene said, the whole family will climb the mountain, go home at night, see chickens, dogs, cattle and sheep, and suddenly die. The long room heard: ancient
Meng Jiachuan said: Jia Wei Huan Wen joined the army, which is both harmonious and upright. He is very enthusiastic. On September 9, he went to Wenyou Longshan to attend a rally. When he accompanied officials and wore military uniforms, the wind came and his hat was degraded. Wen said, don't talk to the guests around, so that you can observe his behavior. know
"Linhai Ji" says: The county seat is forty paces north, with lakes and mountains, and the Jinbe on the mountain is right, which can accommodate hundreds of people. Folk customs are extremely heavy. Every nine days, on the occasion of chrysanthemum wine, there are often three or four hundred people who hold banquets in this mountain. room
On the 9th of the early Song Dynasty, Xie Zhan performed a poem written by Song Gong on the horse platform, saying, "The wind will give you cold clothes, first frost will stop working hard, and there will be no swallow left in the nest curtain. There must be a rainbow in Zhu Zhu. Summer is the autumn crown, the sacred heart is celebrated, and the four banquets are fragrant. Nave will open a silk tree to force the rest of the banquet of Xihua. archaic
"Cultural Performance" Volume 4, I went to middle school at the age of four.
3. The custom of Nu Wa's writing in classical Chinese is well known. In the ancient book Customs of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there are the following records about the creation of Nu Wa: As the saying goes, people have nothing but me, and Nu Wa strives for the loess to be a man. The power of the audience sitting is overwhelming, so he is holding the rope in the mud and thinking about people. Therefore, the rich, the loess, the poor, and the rope guide are also. A person's strength can't keep up with nature's demand for human beings, so he pulls a rope into the mud, then lifts it and splashes it, and the splashed mud becomes a living person. Later, people said that the rich were made of Nu Wa's loess, and the poor were made of mud splashes thrown by Nu Wa.
4. Urgently seeking the return of ancient Chinese passages about simple folk customs (3)-Tao Yuanming (Eastern Jin Dynasty)
At the foot of Nanshan, beans are planted, and the grass is full of beans.
The road is narrow and the vegetation is long, and the evening dew is stained with clothes.
Shanxi Village Tour —— Lu Tour (Song)
Don't laugh at farmers' wine and wine, leave enough chickens and dolphins in a good harvest. The mountain overlapping water flow twists and turns is worried that no way can walk, the willow green flowers suddenly appear a mountain village. Xiao Gu followed the Spring Club and dressed simply. From now on, if you ride leisurely on the moon, you will knock on the door all night with a cane.
Hope in Spring —— Du Fu (Tang)
Although a country is divided, mountains and rivers still exist. In spring, green trees and grasslands return, petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sorrows.
After three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold, and I caressed my white hair. It has become so thin that it can no longer hold hairpins.
Wang Yue-Du Fu (Tang)
What a magnificent scenery Mount Tai is! Endless green spans Qilu and Qilu. The creator has endowed all the mysterious nature here with elegance, and? The day immediately enters dawn and dusk. ..
Caiyun lave? My mind is free and easy, and birds fly back and forth in front of my nervous eyes. Once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see that all the other mountains look short under the sky. ..
Appreciation of Du Fu's Shi Hao Guan
Du Fu of Li Shihao
In Shihao Village at dusk, officials arrest people at night. The old man climbed over the wall and the old woman went out to watch. Why are officials angry? Why do women cry?
Listen to my wife before: Three men are guarding Yecheng. One person attached a book, and two people were newly killed. Those who survive drag out an ignoble existence have been dead for a long time!
There is no one in the room, only one grandson. There's still a grandson left, and I can't finish wearing my skirt. Although the old woman is weak, please come back at night.
If you are in a hurry to serve Shirley in the river and Yang, you still have to prepare the meal in the morning. After a long night, your voice will be silent, like crying, like choking. When the morning dawns, you will ascend to the future and be alone with the old people.
Seeing off friends at Jingmen Ferry-Li Bai (Tang)
Sail from Jingmen Ferry, and soon you will be with people in the south. It is the end of the mountain and the beginning of the plain, and the river winds through the wilderness.
The moon rises like a mirror, the sea clouds shine like a palace, and the water brings you the feeling of home, dragging your boat for 300 miles.
5. Write a Spring Festival custom classical Chinese in classical Chinese.
New year cake, a sticky cake, is associated with "senior age" and contains people's hope for life arrival. Rice cakes are made of sticky grains. There are yellow rice cakes in the north, Shuimo rice cakes in the south of the Yangtze River, and glutinous rice Baba in the southwest Yi people.
The new dishes from the north are horn, water horn, horn and flat food. In the 5th century, jiaozi, which is shaped like a crescent moon, has become a popular food among the people. Before the Song Dynasty, jiaozi was called "the horn" or "the water horn". At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, it was known as "flat food". In the Qing Dynasty, the word "Jiao" was used.
The literary meaning of the corner of husband, the world says: "corner" and "corner" cooperate with "effect", that is, the meaning when crossing children. Spring is coming. Therefore, Ziyi began to make buffalo horns, thinking that this was the first meal of the New Year. At a deeper level, there is the corner of the eater. In ancient times, there was no meat, so it tasted good when stuffed with meat. As the saying goes, "You can't eat jiaozi", that's what the speaker means. I sincerely hope to eat more delicious food on the jiaozi during the solar eclipse in Zheng Dan.
Modern literature
Rice cakes, also known as sticky cakes, are homophonic "high every year" and contain people's hopes for a happy life in the future. Rice cakes are usually made of sticky particles. There are rice cakes in the north, rice cakes in the south of the Yangtze River, and glutinous rice Baba in the southwest.
The most popular New Year food in northern China is jiaozi, also known as jiaozi, trough and flat food. In the 5th century, jiaozi, shaped like a crescent moon, has become a popular food for the Spring Festival. Before the Song Dynasty, jiaozi was called "the horn" or "the water horn". The name of "flat food" began in the Yuan Dynasty. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the word "jiaozi" has been widely used.
Generally speaking, the cultural symbolism of jiaozi is a homonym of "jiaozi" and "jiaozi", and "jiaozi" means jiaozi. It is a symbol of the arrival of the Spring Festival. Therefore, people start cooking jiaozi immediately after midnight, which becomes the first meal of the New Year. A deeper explanation, jiaozi also contains the meaning of food. There was a lack of meat in ancient times, so jiaozi with meat stuffing was naturally a good food. This is what the folk proverb "Is jiaozi delicious?" means. Eating jiaozi in the Spring Festival, of course, is to hope that there will be more delicious food next year.
It is an important activity to strengthen social relations and family relations during the New Year to worship, worship collectively and pay New Year greetings with ancient national etiquette.
Zheng Chao, also known as "Zheng Zheng" and "Hui Yuan", refers to the minister's greeting to the emperor in the New Year. Every year in the Zhou Dynasty, during the Spring Festival, the governors had to "face the right" to the Zhou Emperor, that is, pay a New Year call. Ancient literati also used famous cards to replace the custom of visiting New Year in person, which is generally believed to be the origin of China New Year cards. Modern greeting cards are widely used in all walks of life.
At home, the younger generation kowtows to their elders when they get up in the morning, wishing them health and longevity. Then go to relatives and friends' homes in turn to pay New Year greetings to their elders. The elders give New Year's money to wish him a healthy growth. Friends will also visit each other to express their New Year wishes. If there are many relatives and friends, New Year greetings will last for many days.
The activities of the Spring Festival are from within the family, gradually extended to relatives, and even the whole society. Keep old on New Year's Eve, pay New Year's greetings to parents on the first day, and then go out to pay New Year's greetings to relatives. Pay New Year greetings to friends again. After that, people began to visit temple fairs. On the fifteenth day of the first month of the Lantern Festival, men, women and children go to the streets to watch lanterns and carnival parades-stilts, dry boats, dragon dances, lion dances and yangko dances. Therefore, the Spring Festival is a national festival that permeates all aspects and levels of society.