Hairstyle is an important decoration on a woman’s head, which can increase her beauty. The changes in women's hairstyles in ancient times were extremely rich and colorful. They were inherited from generation to generation and constantly changed, from simple to complex, and then from complex to simple, and back and forth. There are many relevant records, and there are more than a hundred records in "Hunpin Pin" alone. Remaining species. These hair names are all named after the meanings of hairstyles and jewelry. Although there are many nicknames, they can be summarized into several basic types according to their braiding methods and hairstyles, which are briefly described below:
1. Knot style
This type of hairstyle is all made with a knot. Some stand on top of the head, some lean to the sides, some are flat, and some hang down. Women's own hair is limited, so they often add 'wigs' ", jewelry, majestic and gorgeous. According to records: It is said that during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Queen Mother of Yaochi came to a meeting. The buns of all the fairies were different from the human world, with high rings and towering rings. The emperor ordered the officials and concubines to imitate them, so they were called "Gao Huanwang Fairy Buns". ①. Decorated with various jewelry, such as gold hairpins or hairpins, it becomes more gorgeous and noble. This high-ring hairstyle has one to nine hairpins. It is the most noble hairstyle and is often used to represent fairies, queens and concubines in mythology. The hair style of noble girls (which can also be witnessed from the Eighty-seven Immortals Picture Scroll and the Jade Girl in the Yongle Palace Mural) can also be used by girls who have not left the house, but the decoration should not be too gorgeous. This hair style was used in the Qin, Han and Qin dynasties. It was quite popular in previous dynasties. After the Han dynasty, fairy hairstyles were mostly worshiped, and celebrities and ladies also adopted them.
The styles include high-haired hairpins, tall hairpins, hanging hairpins, some on the top of the head, and some on the sides. The number of hairpins on the sides can also be tied at will, and there are many changes, which can be used flexibly.
2. Twisting style
This is a hairstyle invented in the late Han Dynasty. It is recorded that it was done by Empress Zhen, who later admired it and became popular. The method of braiding this hairstyle is to divide the hair into several strands, twist the hair like a twist, and wrap it around the head. During the Wei Palace, there was a green snake in the palace. When Empress Zhen dressed up every day, the snake would be coiled and shaped into a bun. Empress Zhen imitated it and combed it into a bun. Every day, the bun was different due to the change of snake shape, so it was called "Spirit Snake Bun". ①.
This hairstyle is flexible, lively and charming, and is suitable for goddesses and noble ladies who have not left home. There are many variations of this hairstyle, which can be twisted or twisted on the top of the head. , the side of the head, the front of the head, the changes are vivid and beautiful, especially in the paintings of ancient ladies.
3. This hairstyle can be used flexibly.
It can be seen in the paintings, sculptures and tomb murals of the Tang Dynasty. In the tomb mural of Li Huixian, Princess Yongtai, the granddaughter of Wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty, there are many spiral buns. According to records, women in Chang'an of the Tang Dynasty liked to wear buns. ). Its shape is tall and does not fall down, so it is called "snail bun". It is popular in Chang'an. This kind of "snail bun" is mainly made in the form of coiling. The method is to tie the hair into knots with silk threads. Use techniques such as braiding, twisting, and folding to twist the bun into a spiral shape and place it on the top of the head or on both sides or on the forehead and back of the head.
This hairstyle is beautiful. It is highly decorative. In Wang Yuyang's poem, it is said that "the green conch is as beautiful as a bun." According to the way of stacking the conch, it can be made into various shapes and can be used flexibly.
< p>4. Reverse bun styleAccording to Duan Chengshi's "Bun Jipin Pin", it is recorded that the concubines in the palace of Emperor Wu of the Wei Dynasty wore their buttocks in reverse buns. This hairstyle was It is also very popular ①. It is recorded in "The Dressing Table" that "the Wude style of the Tang Dynasty is a half-up bun with a reverse bun and parted buttocks." The reverse bun is made by gathering the hair into a high bun. The method of making the bun is to pull the hair back, tie it with silk thread, and then divide it into several strands and twist them into various styles. Some of them are combed and braided into the shape of a frightened bird about to spread its wings, which is called "police swan bun". There are also styles that are combed and braided into single or double blades, which are called "turn-knife buns", and there are also styles where multiple strands of hair are twisted into fancy styles, which are called "hundred flowers." There are many forms and techniques, all of which are made by knotting or twisting together.
This kind of hairstyle is mostly used by palace concubines and noble women. Young girls who have not left the house often leave a tail under the reverse bun, letting it hang behind the shoulders, which is called "swallow tail." Also known as "parted bun". Although the names are different in the past, the basic hairstyle is similar and can be flexibly changed and used as a reference when styling.
5.
This type of hairstyle was the most common and widely adopted among ancient women's hairstyles. It has been used in all dynasties and has been used for the longest time. It has been used in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Qin and Han Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. The only difference is that the hairstyle is high, flat, low, and the knots are in the front, middle, left, and back. After being tied up, they are tied into vertebrae and tied with hairpins or hairpins. They can be rolled up into one, two or three vertebrae, so that they stand erect on the top of the head or on both sides. According to records, Liang Yi's wife Sun Shou will tie the knot. The vertebrae are placed on the side of the head and made to fall down, which is called "falling horse bun", also known as "Liang's new makeup". It was once popular. When Zhao Hede entered the palace, his hair was curled up into vertebrae, which was called "Xinxing bun". Meng Guang, wife of Liang Hong, is good at combing the "vertebral part". ① These hairstyles are all variations of the vertebral style. By mastering the braiding method, you can change or create various vertebral buns, which can be used flexibly in styling. The Zizi bun is mostly used by married young women.
6. Symmetrical style
This type of hairstyle has been used since the Qin and Han Dynasties and has been used throughout the ages. Its typical hairstyle is " "Double Ya bun" and "Maofa", "Double Ya bun" is mainly the hair style of palace maids and maids. It is said that Qin Shihuang ordered the palace maids to wear double Ya buns and wear backs and shirts. It was continued in the past dynasties until the Qing Dynasty. Still unchanged.
This hairstyle is to divide the hair into two large strands from the middle of the top, comb it to both sides, tie it on both sides, and then tie it into two big buns, placing them symmetrically on both sides. It can also be tied symmetrically and hung down, which is suitable for folk girls.
"丱发"
This is a kind of children's hair, suitable for both men and women. Because its shape resembles "丱", it is called "丱Fa". Its shape is to divide the hair into two parts. Large strands are tied symmetrically into two vertebrae, placed on the left and right sides of the head, and a small tail of hair is led out from the bun to let it hang naturally, up to the shoulder. It is the main hairstyle for children in the past.
Cicada on the sideburns and Bo on the sideburns are not hairstyles, but two styles of sideburns that are required for various hairstyles.
Cicada on the sideburns, according to records, was Mo Qiong, a palace maid of Wei Wendi Cao Pi. Made of tree①, it is a decoration on the temples. The temples are combed very thin and transparent, shaped like cicada wings, so they are called "cicada temples". In ancient poems, women often have the phrase "cloud servant girls and misty temples", thin The combination and contrast of transparent sideburns and thick and high hairstyle make women's hairstyles rich in variety and unique.
Beauty on the temples is a rare ritual of the past dynasties. "Yu Fu Zhi" all stipulates that concubines in the palace must have hairstyle, and noble ladies must also have hairstyle. Pushing back to cover half of the ears is a ceremonial sideburn style.
The most common hairstyles for women are divided into the above six categories according to their combing and braiding rules. When styling, you can use buns, buns, buns, buns, stacks, and twists according to various combing and braiding methods. , knots and other techniques, comb and braid more hairstyles, and use them according to dynasty, status, age, personality, etc., you can create better women's hairstyles.
Women in the Tang Dynasty had various hairstyles. Duan Chengshi of the Tang Dynasty wrote in "Princess of Buns and Hairstyles": "In the palace of Emperor Gaozu, there were half-upturned buns, reverse-tie buns, and happy-looking buns. In the palace of the Ming Dynasty, there were double-circled fairy buns, Uighur buns, and noble concubines making sad buns. Zhenyuan Among them are the return bun, and the Naosuuzhuang bun. In Chang'an City, there are the Panhuan bun, Jinghu bun, Toujia bun, and Japanese Tuo bun." In addition, there are also descriptions of women's bun styles in the Tang Dynasty in books such as "Zhuangtaiji", "New Book of Tang Dynasty" and "Notes on Ancient and Modern China". Cultural relics and archaeologists have seen some bun styles as described in ancient books in pottery figurines unearthed from Tang Dynasty tombs, as well as stone coffin line carvings and murals, but none of them have the Pingkangfang and Tang Changan Pingkangfang in the eastern suburbs of Xi'an that I discovered. The hair styles of the pottery figurines unearthed from the Liquanfang Sancai Kiln in the western suburbs are so concentrated and diverse. Now I will introduce the three-color pottery lady figurines from Chang'an Tang Dynasty that I discovered and collected, as well as their hairstyles, in order to gain a glimpse of the prosperity and openness of society in the Tang Dynasty from the colorful hairstyles of women in the Tang Dynasty.
In 1368 AD, Emperor Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Yingtian and founded the country named Ming. After the founding of the Ming Dynasty, a series of practical measures were adopted to facilitate the resumption of production. As productivity was improved, the market was further expanded, new industries continued to emerge, and some industrial cities were formed, and the unified multi-ethnic country was further consolidated. After the Ming Dynasty seized power from the Yuan Dynasty ruled by the Mongolian people, it focused on rectifying etiquette that did not conform to Han customs, and mostly adopted and restored the systems and customs of the Tang and Song Dynasties. From the collected information, it can be seen that although the hairstyles of women in the Ming Dynasty were not as diverse as those in the Tang and Song Dynasties, they still had some characteristics of this era.
The early Ming Dynasty basically inherited the hairstyles of the Song and Yuan Dynasties. After the Jiajing period, women's hairstyles changed significantly. The "love heart bun" was a more fashionable hairstyle at the time. Women's buns were It is flat and round, and decorated with flowers on the top of the bun. Later, it evolved into gold and silver filigree knots, and the hair was combed high. The top of the bun is also decorated with jewels, jade, and jade. There are many variations of the "peach blossom bun", such as "peach blossom bun", "goose gallbladder bun" and "fallen horse bun" imitating the Han Dynasty.
Double-snail bun: Ming Dynasty double-snail bun, its shape is similar to that of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. It was called "Bangzi" at that time, and it was a simple and elegant hairstyle favored by women in the south of the Yangtze River. In particular, maids often wore this bun. The bun style is rich and changeable, and it is popular among folk women.
Fake bun: Also known as bun, it was loved by maids and women in the palace of the Ming Dynasty. At that time, there was a saying that "palace ladies tended to have high buns, while the common people preferred low buns." Most of these fake buns are in antique style. They are made by weaving iron wire into a circle and then braiding the hair to make it a ready-to-use decoration. It was particularly fashionable in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. In some jewelry stores, ready-made fake buns were also sold.
Headband: also known as "headband". In the Ming Dynasty, it was very popular among both old women and young girls. It is said that the headband evolved from the original "baotou". It was originally braided with rice dumplings and became a net for hair. It was wide at first and then narrow. Its practicality is to tie the hair, and it is also decorative. Choose a narrow one. Prick it on the forehead. This decoration has been around since the Ming Dynasty.
Peony bun: A type of high bun. This style is popular in Suzhou and later spread to the north. You Dong's poem: "I heard that one foot high in the south of the Yangtze River, the six palaces compete for peony heads." People say that the person is so heavy that he can hardly lift his head. He describes his hair style as tall and tall, which is actually about seven inches, with fluffy temples and smooth bun. Apply double locks at the end of the hair. This hairstyle is usually padded with a wig.
Ming Dynasty palace ladies wore buns, lotus crowns, and hairpins
Analysis of Qing Dynasty hairstyles
The ancestors of the Qing Dynasty were the Manchus who originally lived in northeastern China. . Peasant uprisings occurred one after another in the late Ming Dynasty, and the Manchu nobles took advantage of the situation and established the Qing Dynasty in Beijing in 1644. From then until the Qing Dynasty was destroyed in 1911, the Qing Dynasty went through three stages in the 237 years. In the early stage, it was a unified multi-ethnic country and was consolidated. In the middle stage, the social economy developed further and capitalism began to sprout. In the final stage, it entered the decline and collapse of the feudal social system.
After the Qing rulers established power in the pass, they forced the Han people to follow Manchu customs, one of which was shaving their hair and leaving braids. In the early Qing Dynasty, women's hairstyles and makeup still retained the characteristics of their own ethnic groups, but they gradually changed significantly later on. The decorations on the buns did not use gold and silver, but mostly pearls and jade. This was a characteristic of the Chongzhen period. In the middle period, high buns were advocated, such as imitating the hairstyle of Manchu palace maids. The hair was evenly divided into two pieces, which were called "fork heads". The tail of a lock of hair hanging down behind the head was trimmed into two sharp corners, called "swallow tails". After that, flat heads became popular and were called "flat three sets" or "Suzhou pout". This bun is suitable for all ages and changes the custom of high bun. Hair decorations are also distinctive, such as the "crown", which is especially popular among elderly women. There are also "Yitou" luxurious and extravagant, as high as a archway. The big la chicken favored by the royal family is the most famous one among them.
High bun: In the Qing Dynasty, high buns were made of wigs mixed with padding, such as the peony head, lotus head, and bowl head that were popular during the Kangxi and Qianlong years. Its style is luxurious, standing more than seven inches high, like peonies and lotus flowers in full bloom. The back of the head is combed into a flat three-layered disk and fixed with a hairpin or hairpin. The back of the bun is shaped like a swallowtail, and the head of the bowl is shaped like a bowl. Therefore, combing hair in this type of bun is complicated, so when the hair cutting trend became popular in the late Qing Dynasty, It is gradually becoming eliminated.
Dala Wing: Also known as "Flag Bun", it is the most distinctive and famous hair style of Manchu women in the Qing Dynasty that integrates hair styling and makeup. The combing method is particularly complicated and evolved under the influence of the "Ruyi Head" of Han women. It was loved by the ladies of the Qing court.
Guanzi and Zhuan: Elderly women in the Qing Dynasty often covered their buns with ornaments made of hard paper and black satin, embroidered with auspicious patterns, longevity characters, etc., and tied them with hairpins. Middle-aged women often wear "compilations" made of mane and linen, mounted with silk and satin, and then decorated with flowers, etc., which further shows their beauty and gorgeousness. The shape of the bun is like the upper of a shoe, with only two walls. Later, it evolved into not using the bun directly, and it was called "zhen bun". In fact, it was just a one-yuan bun on the head.