◆ Vietnam:
Vietnam's occupation of Nansha Islands in China began with the Saigon regime before South Vietnam. During the period from 1956 to 197 1, the puppet regime in Saigon sent ships to invade the Nansha Islands many times, and issued a sovereignty statement on the Nansha Islands. 1July 1973 to1February 1974, it successively occupied Hung Hom Island, Nanzi Island, Dunqian sandbar (sand island), Jinghong Island, Nanwei Island and Anbo sandbar in Nansha Islands, and sent troops to station. The white paper published in February 1975 claimed "sovereignty" over Xisha and Nansha Islands.
There is no dispute between Vietnam and China Shuangwan on the ownership of Nansha Islands. Before 1974, Viet Nam officially recognized the Xisha Islands and Nansha Islands as the territory of China in government statements, notes, newspapers, maps and textbooks. However, since 1974, Vietnam has gone back on its word and its attitude has changed fundamentally. 1In April 1975, Vietnam liberated Saigon and occupied six islands in Nansha occupied by the former Saigon regime. In May, Vietnamese newspapers published a national map of Vietnam, which included the Nansha Islands in China and renamed it "Changsha Islands". 1982 65438+February, Changsha County was established and placed under the jurisdiction of Tongnai Province; Later, it was assigned to Qinghe Province. Viet Nam also published white papers in September 1979 and June 1982+0, claiming full sovereignty over Xisha and Nansha Islands in China. There are two main theories: one is the "national succession" after 1933 when the French colonial authorities and the Communist Party of South Vietnam occupied the Nansha Islands in China, and the other is some Vietnamese "ancient books".
From April 1975 to April19911,Vietnam successively occupied 27 Nansha island reefs. Claiming to own all the waters of Nansha. So far, Vietnam has completed the military control deployment of Nansha Island Reef; Strengthen the infrastructure construction of the occupied islands and reefs, enhance the defensive combat capability of the islands and reefs, and step up the looting of oil and gas resources.
◆ Philippines:
As early as 1946, the Philippines claimed sovereignty over the Nansha Islands. 1956, Philippine "explorers" went to some islands and reefs in Nansha and named them "Karayan Islands". 1978 On June 1 1 day, the President of the Philippines issued Presidential Decree 1596, officially declaring that "Karajan Islands" belonged to the Philippines. Its main arguments are: this part of the island was originally a "ownerless island"; These islands are the closest to the Philippines and are vital to the national security and economic development of the Philippines.
During the period from 1970 to 1980, the Philippine side took military action and successively occupied eight islands and reefs, including Mahuan Island, Nanjiao Island, Central Asia Island, Xiyue Island, Beizi Island, Feixin Island, Caosha Island and Siling Reef. At present, the Philippines has built two small air bases on the occupied islands and reefs, built three islands and reefs into army bases, and improved the facilities of the occupied islands and reefs to improve the defense capabilities of the islands and reefs. The Philippine government has also unilaterally promulgated some marine legislation, stipulating the 200-nautical-mile economic exclusive zone and bringing the sea area east of Nansha, China, 4 1 10,000 square kilometers into its territorial waters.
◆ Malaysia:
From 65438 to 0978, Malaysia sent a small fleet to some islands and reefs at the southern tip of Nansha Islands, and set up a "sovereignty monument". 1979, Malaysia published a new map, which included 270,000 square kilometers of the above-mentioned islands and reefs and Nansha in its territory. 198O, the Malaysian government unilaterally declared the exclusive economic zone of 200 nautical miles. From 1983 to 1986, Ma successively occupied the Birgun Reef, Nanhai Reef and Guangxingzi Reef, and erected "sovereignty monuments" on six islands and reefs.
Malaysia's main excuse for occupying and dividing Nansha Island reefs and sea areas is that these islands are located on Malaysia's continental shelf and territory, and their sovereignty conforms to the Geneva Convention of 1958 and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982.
◆ Brunei:
Brunei's views and positions on the Nansha issue are mainly based on Malaysia's sovereignty requirements. 198 1 year, Brunei questioned and protested the demarcation line of the continental shelf between the two countries determined in the new map of Malaysia 1979. Brunei believes that the determination of the continental shelf boundary between the two countries should adopt the "median line principle". Brunei declared a 200-nautical-mile exclusive economic zone and issued a new map indicating the jurisdiction of the sea area. Brunei claims sovereignty over Louisa (Nantong Reef) at the southwest end of the Nansha Islands island chain, and divides the Nansha Sea area into 3,000 square kilometers.
Brunei is the only country that claims sovereignty over some islands and reefs in Nansha without sending troops to occupy them. However, after being unwilling to plunder Nansha's oil and gas resources, it has opened nine oil fields and five gas fields with an annual output of more than 7 million tons of crude oil and 9 billion cubic meters of natural gas, and plans to further expand its production scale.
◆ Indonesia:
Although Indonesia has not invaded the Nansha Island Reef in China, it has been divided into "Agreement Development Zones" at sea since 1966, occupying 50,000 square kilometers of Nansha sea area. 1969 10 Indonesia and Malaysia signed a continental shelf agreement, embezzling 50,000 square kilometers of Nansha sea area. 198O In March, Indonesia unilaterally announced the establishment of a 200-nautical-mile exclusive economic zone, in an attempt to further invade the Nansha sea area and plunder oil and gas resources.
◆ Taiwan Province Province, China:
China Taiwan Province Province and Chinese mainland share the same interests and the same language on the Nansha issue. Taiwan Province authorities believe that Nansha and Xisha Islands, Dongsha and zhongsha islands have belonged to China since ancient times. It was only after the French occupation in the 1930s that there was a sovereignty dispute. Taiwan Province Province mainly demonstrates that the South China Sea Islands are owned by China from the aspects of historical records, local cultural relics, naming of the South China Sea itself, naming of some islands, order of officially declaring sovereignty, garrison time and jurisdiction time.
Recently, the media in Taiwan Province Province published an editorial, arguing that the two sides should strive to ensure China's inherent sovereignty in the South China Sea Islands in the future, and also stressed that the two sides should cooperate in developing oil resources in the sea area and strengthen their "claim to foreign sea rights".
Attachment: Overview of the islands and reefs occupied by Nansha Islands (including 27 in Vietnam, 8 in the Philippines and 4 in Malaysia).
Island name location-North latitude location-East longitude occupation time
Vietnam invaded Nanwei Island at 08 degrees 39 minutes 1 14 degrees 54 minutes 1973.
Mahong Island 10 degree 1 1 point14 degree 2 1 point 1973.
Nanzidao 1 1 25 minutes 1 14 degrees 19 minutes 1973.
Jinghong Island 10 degree 22 minutes 1 14 degree 20 minutes 1973.
Dong Jiao 08 degrees 49 minutes 1 12 degrees 36 minutes 1988.
Xijiao 08 degrees 52 minutes 1 12 degrees 14 minutes 1978.
08 degrees 56 minutes 1 12 degrees 22 minutes 1978.
Bai Jiao 08 degrees 10 minutes 1 13 degrees 18 minutes 1978.
Cape Joan 09 degrees 46 minutes 1 14 degrees 20 minutes 1989.
Lifelong Reef 08 degrees 58 minutes 1 13 degrees 42 minutes 1978.
Gezijiao
08 degrees 52 minutes 1 13 degrees 42 minutes 1988
Rijijiao 08 degrees 39 minutes11/kloc-0 degrees 40 minutes 1988.
Daxian Reef 10 degrees 04 minutes 1 14 degrees 52 minutes 1988.
Liumen Reef 08 degrees 49 minutes 1 14 degrees 00 minutes 1988.
Nanhua Reef 08 degrees 45 minutes 1 14 degrees 13 minutes 1988.
Bolan Reef 10 degree 24 minutes 1 14 degree 34 minutes 1988.
Luo Nai reef
1 1 23 minutes 1 14 degrees 18 minutes 1988.
Ghost calls the reef 09 degrees 46 minutes 1 14 degrees 15 minutes 1988.
Mumbai castle
07 degrees 56 minutes 1 1 1 degrees 42 minutes 1989.
Guangyatan 08 degrees 08 minutes1/kloc-0 degrees 27 minutes 1990.
Wan 'an Beach 07 degrees 32 minutes 109 degrees 43 minutes 1990.
Xiweitan 07 degrees 55 minutes 109 degrees 58 minutes 199 1 year.
Renjuntan 08 degrees 02 minutes1/kloc-0 degrees 37 minutes 1993.
Li Huaitan 07 degrees 47 minutes1/kloc-0 degrees 28 minutes 1993.
Guo Qianshazhou 10 degree 22 minutes 1 14 degree 28 minutes 1973.
Amber sandbar 07 degrees 54 minutes 1 12 degrees 54 minutes 1973.
Green sandbar
09 degrees 52 minutes 1 14 degrees 34 minutes 1978
The Philippines invaded Mahuan Island 10 degree 44 minutes10/5 degree 48 minutes 1970.
Fetion Island 10 degrees 49 minutes 1 15 degrees 49 minutes 1970
Zhongye Island 1 1 degree 02 minutes 1 14 degrees 16 minutes 197 1 year.
South University of Science and Technology/KOOC-0/0 degrees 40 minutes/KOOC-0//KOOC-0/4 degrees 25 minutes/KOOC-0/97/KOOC-0/year.
Beizidao 1 1 degree 27 minutes 1 14 degree 2 1 minute 197 1 year.
Xiyue Island 1 1 0.05 minutes10.5 minutes 197 1 year.
Shuanghuangshazhou 10 degree 44 minutes 1 14 degree 2 1 minute 1978.
Four-sided reef 08 degrees 22 minutes 1 15 degrees 13 minutes 1980.
Malaysia occupied Short Reef at 07 degrees 24 minutes 1 13 degrees 48 minutes 1977.
Guangxingzai 07 degrees 37 minutes 1 13 degrees 56 minutes 1977.
Nanhai Reef 07 degrees 58 minutes 1 13 degrees 56 minutes 1979.
Nantong Reef 06 degrees 20 minutes 1 13 degrees 14 minutes 1993.