According to legend, the poet Zuyong took the exam in Chang 'an one year, and he took the exam of Looking at the South Snow. This poem is a poem that should be done. According to the rules, you usually have to write twelve sentences with five words and six rhymes, but Zuyong only wrote these four sentences and handed them in. In this poem, the poet described the beautiful scenery after the snow in Mount Zhongnan with fresh language and vivid images.
The first two sentences of the poem are about the late winter in Zhong Nanshan, where Gao Xue is thick and beautiful.
"Look at how Mount Zhongnan soars, and the white peak is on the floating clouds." On the northern slope of Zhong Nanshan, the mountain is particularly beautiful; From a distance, on the top of the high mountain, the thick snow that has not melted is like flowing white clouds floating on the horizon.
In the last two sentences of the poem, it is written that the snow sun rises, the snow shines, and the forest color is You Mei. In the evening after the snow, Chang 'an added a chill:
"When the towns in the valley became colder and colder, a warm sky appeared on the snow line." After the snow, the sunshine of Chu Qing was slightly sprinkled on the snow, and the silver snow reflected the bright surface of the forest; Twilight arrival, cold in late winter, came to the city, and people in the city also felt a little cold in the evening.
Zuyong wrote four sentences and handed in the paper. This time, he lost his natural reputation. After the exam, someone asked Zuyong why he didn't write according to the rules. He said, "That's all." When the meaning is expressed, the writing is over. It seems that ZuYong is undoubtedly doing the right thing.
Watching how the Mount Zhongnan takes off depicts the beautiful scenery of Chang 'an City overlooking the back slope of Mount Zhongnan. A word "show" shows the grandeur and elegance of Zhong Nanshan; "White above white clouds" not only describes the sublimity of Zhong Nanshan, but also describes the depth of snow. "and a warm sky on the snow line" is about the reflection of snow light on the forest, dyeing the treetops in bright colors, which is to render "residual snow" from the front; The implication of "the towns in the valley are getting colder and colder" shows the poet's concern for people in the city and fully embodies the humanitarian spirit. Although there are only four sentences in the whole poem, it perfectly expresses the theme of "Looking at the Xuefeng in Central South".
Precautions:
① Yinling: It is cloudy in the north of the mountain. Yinling, a mountain with its back to the sun.
② Forest surface: the top of the forest.
③ ⅵ color: sunshine after rain and snow.
The title means to see the end of the snow in the south. When you look at Zhong Nanshan from Chang 'an, you naturally see its "Yin Ridge" (the north of the mountain is called "Yin"); Moreover, only "Yin" has "residual snow". The word "Yin" is accurate. "Show" is the impression you get from looking at it, which not only praises Mount Zhongnan, but also leads to the next sentence. "Top the clouds with its white" is the specific content of "seeing how Zhongnanshan takes off". How vivid the word "floating" is! Snow naturally cannot float in the clouds. This means that the Silver Ridge in Zhong Nanshan is higher than the clouds, and the snow has not melted yet. Clouds are always flowing; And the snow above the cloud shines in the sun, doesn't it give people a feeling of "floating"? The reader may say, "There is no mention of sunshine here!" Yes, it's not mentioned here, but added in the next sentence. The "Ji color" in The Snow Line is Warm and Empty, refers to the color painted by the sunshine on the "forest table" when it rains and snows in Chu.
"Ming" is certainly good, but "Ji" is more important. The author wrote a scene of snow from Chang 'an to the south. Zhongnanshan is about 60 miles south of Chang 'an. Looking at Zhongnanshan from the middle of Chang 'an, it is not clear on cloudy days. Even on a clear day, you usually see the mist hanging over the Mount Zhongnan. Only when it rains and snows in Chu can we see its true colors clearly. Jia Dao's poem "Looking at the South Mountain" says: "It rains every day, and people in the mountains are worried. The good times won't last long, and a strong wind is coming. As soon as the haze was swept away, the splendor flowed out of the country. There are millions of families in Chang 'an, and each family has a new screen. "After a long rain and fresh sunshine, there are millions of families in Chang 'an, and a brand-new screen opens in front of each family. How beautiful! This was the case in the Tang Dynasty, and it is also the case now. People who have lived in Xi 'an for a long time have this experience. Therefore, it is not objective and untrue to write about seeing the southern remnant snow from Chang 'an without a word "Ji", but how to see the remnant snow in Nanyinling.
Zuyong not only used Ji, but also chose Ji at sunset. How can I see it? He said "and the warm sky opened on the snow line" instead of "bright colors" at the foot of the mountain, on the hillside or under the forest, which is very harsh. "Lin Biao" comes from "Yinling in the South" and is naturally on the high ground in the South. Only the forest surface at the height of Central South is bright, indicating that the Western Hills have been occupied for half a day. The afterglow of the setting sun shines across the forest, not to mention illuminating the snowflakes floating in the clouds. And the word "dusk" in the sentence has also been vividly portrayed.
In the first three sentences, write what you see in "Wang"; The last sentence, how I felt when I wrote "Wang". As the saying goes, "snow is not cold, snow is cold"; Another cloud: "The setting sun is cold". After a snow, only the snow in Yinling is left. The snow in other places is melting and absorbs a lot of heat, so it is naturally colder. At dusk, it is colder than during the day; Looking at the snow in the south, the cold light shines, making people feel even colder. Do the topic of looking at the residual snow in the south, and write about the feeling that the residual snow increases the cold, which means it is really perfect; There is no need to stick to the rules and make up a few more words. In Wang Shizhen's Poems on Yu Yang, this poem, together with Tao Qian's "I don't want to hear anything, but my eyes are clean" and Wang Wei's "I am quiet in a deep alley, and I have a wide courtyard", is considered as the "best" work to praise snow, which is not excessive.
Random thoughts on Li Qi's poems
As I said before, giving people poems should be posted with people and things. Li Qi's Farewell to Weiwan can be used as evidence:
In the morning, I heard the wanderer singing a farewell song. Last night, you crossed the Yellow River. People who are most worried are afraid to hear the swan song, and lonely travelers are in the silence of mountains and clouds.
In the morning of Tongguan, the cold was urged to approach the capital, and the sound of changing lanes in late autumn reached a later evening. Please don't think Chang 'an is a place of enjoyment, lest you waste precious time.
Wei Wan, a generation later than Li Jie, is about to return to Chang 'an from Luoyang, and it's probably no big deal. Therefore, Li Jiepa only wrote the following points:
First, it's a pity.
Second, as a message from the elders.
Third, the festival and place of "this time".
Crossing the river with a slight frost has a novel image, suggesting that the southern bank of the Yellow River is farewell in autumn, and the feelings are slightly desolate. Pay attention to the degree of words.
The geese come from the northwest and people go to the northwest, so they feel unbearable in sadness. When you come to me, you will be infected by deep feelings. Imagine the loneliness on the way. It's a pity.
Continue to meditate on Weiwan's way home, pass Hanguguan and Tongguan, and arrive in Chang 'an, and inject special feelings with the words "urging the cold" and "going late": autumn frost is easy to get a year, and yellow is easy to get a day! With these words, the following two words will not be abrupt.
Chewing the news carefully seems to have the taste of self-regret.
But this is not Li Qi's best farewell poem. What he is best at is portraying characters, which can be described as both form and spirit. Look at his Farewell to My Friend Chen:
In the fourth month, the south wind blew the yellow barley plain, the jujube flowers had not withered, and the leaves of Laka had grown. When our horses bray on the road and are eager to go home, the green peaks we left at dawn can still be seen at night.
Chen, my friend, you have always been a great good man with your dragon beard, tiger eyebrows and your big forehead. You hide thousands of books in your arms. You hold your head high and never bow your head.
I bought wine and made a wish. Everything is as light as a feather here at the East Gate. You lie flat, drunk and forget the white sun, but you open your eyes from time to time and stare at the high lonely clouds.
The tide of the lonely river joined the dark sky and the ferryman boarded his boat. It's getting late and we can't sail. People from Zheng can't go home, and people from Luoyang sigh with disappointment.
I heard that there are many friends around your woodland residence, and you were fired yesterday. Are they your friends today? .
Chen's heroism is equal to his broadmindedness. Richie's admiration for him is beyond words. This farewell poem can only be given to this one this time.
In the first few words, I understand Chen's seclusion: On my way home, I will enjoy the scenery in early summer with relish.
Write a few words about Chen, a general mention, a representation and an achievement, which together constitute an extraordinary performance: you have always held your head high and never bowed to the dust. -Chen passed the exam in the official department, and the official department refused to hire him on the grounds that he didn't have a registered account. Chen made an exception in the appointment of the official department.
But Chen Zhili's struggle is only for justice, and he is by no means a "land fighter". Taking "Hao" as the rhyme, it is particularly glorious to write about his bold and lofty sentiments.
Use rhymes to write the heavy feelings of being blocked. With a little change in the weather, the two men complained with frustration.
The last two sentences came to an abrupt end and refused to fill in four sentences, which can convey the scene at that time: the author estimated that the other party might feel disappointed with this question, and he felt that even if he was disappointed now, he should attract the attention of the other party, so he spoke a little lower and his voice seemed to be eight degrees lower. If you appreciate it carefully, you can vaguely feel the implication of the author: Lao Lin is not suitable for you, so you can come again. I don't want to say this directly, so I use this sudden and decisive way to leave room for each other's memories.
The developed biographical literature in ancient China gave birth to the ability to describe characters. China attaches great importance to cultural heritage. Cultural inheritance depends on historical records. Taking historical biography as the skeleton is really the best way to record history in China's history books. All historical events are interpreted by people. People driven by different interests, people with different ideas about the value of life, people with different ideological beliefs and people with different cultural attainments have formed a "resultant force" that stipulates the direction of historical progress. The Great Wall of Wan Li will last for two thousand years, and it must be supported by joint efforts. History plays an important role in the completion of this resultant force. Reading historical biographies, you get an atmosphere with the same life experience as historical figures. It is much more effective to learn the national cultural spirit directly from the success or failure of the characters than to listen to the dry "historical laws". Accumulating experience in describing characters is also a good by-product.
Richie's more famous poem is an ancient battle song:
During the day, the beacon tower climbing the mountain observes and gives an alarm, and at night, the horse leads the horse to the riverside. The dark wind blew bursts of sounds, like the pipa of a princess in the Han Dynasty, full of hidden grievances.
The clouds in the wilderness are not near the city wall at all, and the rain and snow cover the boundless desert. The sorrowful Hu Yanyan flew through the air, and HUS soldiers were all in tears.
It is said that Yumenguan has blocked the road, so the soldiers can only follow the general around. The bones of death are buried in the wilderness every year, and only grapes from the western regions are sent to the Han people.
This poem tells the suffering of war from the angle of conscription: running around all day during the day; The sound of Diao Dou and Pipa will only make people feel the harsh and miserable environment. Even the locals can't stand the cold Yuan Ye, so they camp there. It seems that the imperial court has made up its mind to let these people die in the frontier. (The story of Yumen being covered happened during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty: a soldier was blocked at Yumen Pass, and everyone who retreated from the front line was shot. Tang Xuanzong didn't have such a thing, but I think he had such a mind. And think about the value of this death, but only if you win the grapes can you plant them in the Central Plains! The whole poem is very euphemistic, and it is this euphemism that makes readers feel long-term depression: as the saying goes, they lose their temper.
Obviously, this is an anti-war poem.
For such a poem, I don't think it is necessary to evaluate it from a correct standpoint. There is such a thing in the Tang dynasty: poets can freely express another voice about important decisions made by the court. This is enough to be comforting.
Li Qi lives in an era of singing and dancing, and his appreciation of music is very high, so three poems describing musicians' performances are also famous. And read "Listen to Dongda play Hu Jia Lane, send a message to the room":
At that time, Cai Yan once produced Song of A Qin, and played this song in 18 sections.
The conference semifinals cried like rain, and the grass was wet. Han made liver and intestines and gave them to Guike. On the ancient fortress, the cold fire of the past battle is now gray, and the vast wilderness is flying white.
Brush the strings first, then brush the horns and feathers, and the autumn leaves in the suburbs are shocked. Mr. Dong is ingenious, and ghosts and gods also come out to eavesdrop.
Very handy to slowly knead the fast dial, and the reciprocating gyration seems to contain emotions. The voice of the mountain birds scattered and gathered, and the song was as dark and clear as Wan Yun.
A fledgling goose fell behind, crying for its flock, and making the sound of Oedipus intermittently. Sichuan is a net wave, and the birds are singing silently.
It seems that Princess Wusun is far away from home, like Princess Xu Wencheng's feud. The pipa is melodious and free, like a strong wind blowing wildly, and the rain falls on the tiles.
Like the rustle of spring, the rustle of trees, and the singing of wild deer. Chang 'an City is adjacent to the Intermediate People's Court, and the palace gate is in the center of the palace.
Fang Guan is not fettered by fame and fortune, and longs for Alice's play day and night.
The beauty of this poem lies in the touching music. Accurately speaking, this is not writing, but creating conditions for people to achieve.
Hu Jiannong's content is the story of Cai Wenji. Cai Wenji was exiled to the north, married and had children, and later returned to Han. The sadness of separation between mother and son became the main theme of this song. Li Qi firmly grasped this theme, sometimes describing it positively, sometimes comparing it horizontally, sometimes writing the artistic conception of the tune itself, sometimes writing images that can be related to the artistic conception of the tune, and finally writing the slow changes of the tune, so that readers can supplement it with their own experiences.
Friendly conversation
Li Hao's "Seven Rhymes and Sixteen Treatises" and "Three Songs" are famous masterpieces. Brother Fu Zhige uses another kind of pen and ink to make the finishing point in conveying poetry concisely, which seems to be idle, but the pen tip hits the point. For example, some comments on A Farewell to Weiwan not only clarify the context of the poem, but also help readers to understand the twists and turns and poetry (including implication); At the same time, it also points out the novelty of images and the beauty of rhetoric. "Farewell to My Friend Chen", combined with the change of phonology, points out that this poem is both poetic and tangible, and it is a farewell under special circumstances. In "Listening to Dong Da Beating Hu Jia ...", the poet expresses Dong's musical language (Hu Jiasheng) incisively and vividly with the help of his confidant's emotion and imagination. According to their thorough mastery of this poem, brothers Fu Zhi briefly pointed out what successful artistic techniques the poet used to express the "main theme" of the song of Dongda University. Three poems, three different methods of criticism, refused to pick up people's wisdom, avoided familiarity, only wrote their own unique feelings, and had the eyes and foundation of the critics.
Living in Tang Poems —— Reading 300 Tang Poems
I can't help it, there are still many ancient books to chew. In the dead of night, I can enter my heart best.
After a few days' hard eating, I felt awake, as if I had opened a skylight, and I could see the faint moon and clouds, and I could smell Feng Ming for nine days. Conscious thoughts have mushroomed. If I am superficial and rough, I can also pick up a few pearls from the classics, which is really something to be grateful for.
Although I know I am slow and mentally retarded, fortunately, I am not mentally retarded, deaf or dumb. You can also feel a little, listen to the sound of dust and sing about life. I remember there is a lyric like this: "There are 300 Tang poems, and every capital is sentimental". Although it is a bit exaggerated, a cursory reading is also infected by those touching and sad poems.
There are many poems in the Tang dynasty, which are clear in sound and shadow, sad and tender, and inspiring. ......
Living in Tang poetry, living in a happy paradise, living in a leisurely bamboo fence, living in a desolate desert, living in the bitter snow outside the Great Wall, living in a quiet prison.
Is the splendid Chinese civilization of 5,000 years unique to the Tang Dynasty? Or is the essence of the whole Chinese civilization concentrated in the picture of the Tang Dynasty? Otherwise, why are there so many carefree people, thinkers, leaving others behind, dying in battle and looking at the cliff?
Tired of reading under the lamp, I am in a daze, dreaming of a library, and want to fill the bookcase with Tang poetry, complete works, selected poems, five-character poems, seven-character poems and complete works of Wang Wei. ......
Indulge in this, within reach, rows of thick thorns and glittering bronzing characters make people shine at the moment. The people who live in it are like a hermit. The so-called seclusion is hiding between the lines you like.
When you live in a Tang poem, you will also have a lingering feeling about it. Therefore, Tang poetry is no longer a poem, but a feeling for geese and blue boats. That deep feeling is like a thin cloud, gently winding around your heart. Things have changed, there are clouds and rains, and the unswerving Jinse is willing to play another song.
Falling in love with Tang poetry is actually falling in love with a woman who frowns and stares, crying under Xiaoxiang bamboo like Daiyu; Falling in love with Tang poetry is also falling in love with a sincere man, like a vast sea.
Marrying Tang poetry means marrying a spirit, full of vigor and vitality, willing to infect her breath, and willing to suck it like Lan Sixin until they blend with each other. If you are worried that the ugliness of the secular world will defile the realm of pure beauty, then even if you are not worthy to be a willow beside the stream of Tang poetry, you will become a humble moss in the Tang poetry garden. When Huansha came back, the steps of Shijing were green and full of streams. ......
The happiest thing is to die in a Tang poem. I hope that after falling, I can turn into a petal, floating in the clean stream of Tang poetry and buried in the crisp mud of Tang poetry. Death is the last and most beautiful eternal poem, which comes gently and goes quietly. Acacia in the bright moon, overlooking in the attic, all fixed into the last touch of the poem. Going home is the ultimate eternity, immortal Tang poetry and the most beautiful poem.
Tang poetry nirvana, phoenix nirvana, little phoenix calls for praise, and Tang poetry brings people back to life. Who can bear to die with Tang poetry? It is the Tang poetry that awakens the sleeping soul, opens the slightly closed eyes, daubs rouge on the cheeks, makes the slender waist dance on the palm, makes the deaf feel shocked with a thunder, makes the blind look green and ruddy, and makes the world full of meaning.
Tang poetry is profound and unpretentious. It seems to be floated by shallow people, but it can only be so, because it is only shallow reading and whispering, and the profound meaning of Tang poetry can never be read or tasted.
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