Wang (987— 1067), whose real name is a famous doctor in the Northern Song Dynasty, is one of the famous acupuncturists in China. He used to be a medical officer in Hanlin, a doctor of medicine in Miyagi Province, and a professor of medicine in Imperial Medical Bureau. He is good at acupuncture. The History of Song Dynasty and the Records of Art and Literature included three volumes of Jing of Wang, but for various reasons, the book failed to spread to the world. Wang Yisheng devoted himself to the research and collation of acupuncture literature, especially Huangfu Mi's Acupuncture Classics. He sorted out many inconsistent acupuncture books.
Before the Song Dynasty, doctors mainly used acupuncture to treat diseases according to the human acupoints stipulated in Huangdi Neijing in the Tang Dynasty. However, the Yellow Emperor Tang Mingjing was lost due to the war at the end of the Tang Dynasty, which led to the loss of acupoint selection standards later. In order to re-establish the national standard of acupuncture and moxibustion at acupoints, in the fourth year of Song Tiansheng (1023), Song Renzong ordered the Academy of Medical Sciences, the highest medical institution in China, to compile the Illustration of Acupuncture and Moxibustion at Acupoints of Newly Cast Copper Man. The medical officer's hospital gave this task to the medical officer Wang of Hehe. After three years' efforts, Wang completed the new national standard of acupuncture and acupoints, "Illustration of Acupuncture and Acupoints by Newly Cast Copper Man", which was promulgated as a legal textbook in the whole country. ("People in the Four Seas" contains: "Losing, Shu and Yu are all connected." Therefore, acupoints are also called lost acupoints and Shu acupoints, as well as acupoints, acupoints or meridians. ) For the convenience of preservation, they were carved on five stone tablets. Song Renzong believed that "it is better to communicate with the soul than to write down words". Therefore, the bronze statue of acupuncture was ordered to be cast in accordance with the Atlas of Acupuncture and Moxibustion of Newly Cast Copper Statues.
Wang is also the design director of the acupuncture bronze man. At that time, the imperial court organized skilled craftsmen from all over the country to cast, and cast two identical acupuncture bronze figures in 1027, which was later known as "Song Tiansheng Acupuncture Bronze Man". The bronze statue of acupuncture and moxibustion is made of bronze, which is similar to that of young men, with a handsome face and strong physique. There is hair on the head and a crown; The upper body is bare, and the lower body has shorts and belts; The human body is upright, with hands flat and palms forward. The bronze man was cast into two parts, the front part and the back part, which were disassembled and assembled with special plugs. There are 657 acupoints on the bronze man, with 354 acupoint names. All acupoints are drilled through small holes, and the depth of acupoints is about 1.2 points. Bronze man's body cavity contains the viscera and bones of woodcarving. You can not only open the shell, but also open the chest and abdomen to see the organs in the chest and abdomen. The position, shape and size ratio of internal organs are similar to those of normal adults. Fourteen meridians of the human body are engraved on the surface of the bronze man's body, and the acupoint names of each meridian are marked in detail in strict accordance with the actual proportion of the human body. What's even more peculiar is that. Strong practicality, limbs can also move. Song Tiansheng's Acupuncture of Bronze Statues is not only suitable for acupuncture, but also for anatomy. It not only embodies the impeccable human aesthetic art of the working people at that time, but also shows the exquisite casting technology of the ancient people in China.
According to historical records, the examination of acupuncture and moxibustion medicine was held in the medical officer's hospital every year in Song Dynasty. During the examination, mercury was injected into the body of the acupuncture bronze man, and then yellow wax was coated on the body surface to completely cover the meridian points. Candidates can't see the trace of mercury injection at all, so they can only take the needle by experience. Once the examinee accurately sticks to the acupoint, mercury will flow out from the acupoint. Medical history books once called this strange phenomenon "needle goes in, mercury comes out".
Song Tiansheng's Acupuncture Bronze Man is the earliest bronze man cast in China and even in the world. It pioneered the teaching of acupuncture with bronze figures as mannequins in the world, and attracted great attention in China and the world. Its successful casting provides a blind model for acupuncture teaching, making teaching more standardized, visual and intuitive. At that time, it was very practical for guiding students in Taiyuan Hospital to learn acupuncture and moxibustion meridians and points.
It can be said that Song Tiansheng Acupoint Copper Man is a rare treasure, but its strangeness and strangeness seem to have doomed its bumpy fate and vicissitudes.
In AD 1 126, nomadic people invaded the south on a large scale, broke through Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and plundered treasures. Since then, the two "Song Tiansheng Acupoint Copper Men" have lost their trace, which is undoubtedly a great loss.
So, where is the "Song Tiansheng Acupoint Bronze Man"?
Later generations have different opinions about the whereabouts of the lost bronze casters in the Song Dynasty. At present, it is generally said that after Jin Jun invaded Bianjing, one of the "Song Tiansheng Acupoint Copper Man" may be plundered by Jin Jun, and the other may flow into Xiangyang House.
According to historical records, in the second year of Jingkang, Zhao Gou succeeded to the throne in Nanjing (now Shangqiu, Henan Province), which is known as the Southern Song Dynasty. Shortly after Zhao Gou acceded to the throne, Xiangyang government sent "Song Tiansheng's Acupuncture Tong Ren" back to the Southern Song Dynasty court. In A.D. 1232, the Yuan Army attacked Bianjing, the capital of the State of Jin.
After the Song Dynasty, rulers of all dynasties cherished the "Song Tiansheng Acupoint Copper Man". After ups and downs, they moved their capital to Beijing in the first year and were completely annihilated in the war at the end of the Ming Dynasty. Eight years in the Ming Dynasty (1443). After hundreds of years of disrepair, the acupuncture points and meridians of the bronze statue were blurred, and Yingzong immediately ordered the recasting of the bronze statue to replace the bronze statue of the Song Dynasty. People call it "Ming Orthodox Acupuncture Copper Man", which is almost the same as "Song Tiansheng Acupuncture Copper Man". However, the bad luck of its acupuncture bronze man is not over. Eight-Nation Alliance 1900 invaded Beijing, and Qingtai Hospital was looted. It was occupied by Russia as an embassy district. It is said that the "Ming orthodox acupuncture bronze man" was probably taken away at this time. Later, researchers from China Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion of Traditional Chinese Medicine discovered the "Orthodox Acupuncture Copper Man of Ming Dynasty" in Tashi Museum of Elmy in St Petersburg. When the Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion of Traditional Chinese Medicine passed through a foreign country, it was politely refused to take back the "Ming Orthodox Acupuncture Copper Man" from Russia. At this point, this "Song Tiansheng Acupoint Copper Man" has also disappeared.
Tongren and Tu Jing played a great role in medical teaching and medical officer examination at that time, and made great contributions to the unification and development of acupuncture and moxibustion in China.
It can be seen from the publication of Tujing, stone tablets and bronze statues that Wang's main academic thought is to standardize the theory of acupoints. Then, as an official book, Illustration of Acupuncture and Moxibustion at Tongren Acupoint systematically summarizes the achievements of acupuncture before the Song Dynasty and promotes the development of acupuncture in the Song Dynasty and later generations. The design and production of acupuncture bronze statue is a great innovation in the history of medicine. As the earliest human models and intuitive teaching AIDS of acupuncture, these two bronze statues have been highly praised by acupuncturists in the history of medicine. Even today, the bronze statue of acupuncture still has high learning and research value.