Taizu of the Western Han Dynasty
Liu Bang, Taizu of the Han Dynasty (256-195 BC), born in Zhongyangli, Fengyi, Pei County (now Pei County, Jiangsu Province), was of the Han nationality. During the Qin Dynasty, he served as the director of Surabaya Pavilion. Arise pei yu (now Peixian County, Jiangsu Province). In the peasant war at the end of Qin dynasty, when he ascended the mountain, all the heroes gathered under his command, known as "Pei Gong"; In the first 27 years, Liu Bang led the rebel army to take the lead in attacking Xianyang, Qin Dou. In the first 26, it was named Hanwang by Xiang Yu, the leader of the rebel army, and the fiefs were Hanzhong and Bashu (so after defeating Xiang Yu, the title of the country was "Han"); In the first 22 years, Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor on the north bank of Sishui River near Dingtao City, and later established Chang 'an (now Xi 'an City, Shaanxi Province) as the capital. Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, was the first emperor in China who was transformed from a peasant uprising leader. With extraordinary political sensitivity and courage, he took advantage of the revolutionary storm of peasants' anti-Qin uprising to step onto the historical stage, and then learned to be good at people's duties, pulled out the same column, leveled the crowd, and finally defeated Xiang Yu, the "one-time hero", and established a powerful Western Han Dynasty, which can be regarded as an outstanding politician in ancient China.
Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty
Liu Xiu (6-57 years ago), Han nationality, was born in Cai Yang, Nanyang (now southwest of Zaoyang, Hubei). The founding emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a famous politician and strategist in ancient China. At the end of the New Dynasty, the sea fell apart, and the world was in chaos. Liu Xiu, a descendant of the royal family of the Western Han Dynasty, and his brother took advantage of the situation in their hometown, Mausoleum, and fought for the world with all the heroes. In AD 25, Liu Xiu ascended the throne in Hebei and proclaimed himself emperor, establishing the Eastern Han Dynasty. After more than 1 years of United war, Liu Xiu successively wiped out many separatist forces, such as Greenwood, Chimei, Wei Xiao and Gongsun Shu, and millions of peasant rebels, which made the land of China, which had been in dispute and war for more than 2 years since the end of the new headstrong, be unified again. After the world was settled, Liu Xiu carried out the national policy of "suppressing martial arts and cultivating literature", developed production and vigorously promoted Confucianism, thus laying the foundation for the Eastern Han Dynasty for nearly 2 years in the future.
Emperor Wu of the Western Jin Dynasty
Sima Yan (236-29), Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, whose name was Anshi. The first emperor of Jin Dynasty. Politicians. Wen county, Hanoi (now west of wen county, Henan). Si Mazhao's eldest son. In the last years of Cao Wei, grandfather Sima Yi, uncle Sima Shi and father Si Mazhao successively controlled the state affairs. Wei Xianxi two years (265). Sima Yan succeeded to the throne as prime minister, king of Jin and general, and was in charge of all military affairs in the country. In December of the same year, Sima Yan usurped political power and destroyed Cao Wei. Known as the Great Jin Emperor, Dongwu was destroyed in the first year of Taikang (28), ending the Three Kingdoms era, which had been divided for half a century. During his reign, the kings with the same surname were appointed, the county was the country, and the sergeant was placed, hoping to maintain each other and defend the central government. Emperor Wu of Jin adopted a series of economic measures to develop production, repeatedly ordered county officials to persuade farmers to teach mulberry, and prohibited private tenants. It also recruited people from the former Wu and Shu regions to come to the north to enrich the north, and abolished the wasteland system, making the wasteland people become state and county households. In the first year of Taikang, the household mode was promulgated, including the system of occupying land, household modulation and the system of quality officials occupying land and shadowing customers. During the Taikang period, there was a scene of prosperity. In view of the strict politics, decadent customs and luxurious life in the late Cao and Wei Dynasties, Emperor Wudi of Jin Dynasty was "strict with benevolence and frugality", and those who were widowed and lonely and could not survive by themselves were given five welcome, and they were exempted from paying debts, so they made a letter to the county to defend the country and patrol the county, and were able to accommodate outspoken opinions. He also attached importance to the law, personally explained to the people the laws and regulations published by Jia Chong and others, and personally listened to the lawsuit and recorded prisoners. However, after the destruction of Wu, he gradually became lazy and dissolute. He sealed the imperial clan in order to consolidate the imperial power. However, after the death of Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, the kings fought among themselves for the central power, resulting in a 16-year civil war, known as the Eight Kings Rebellion.
Yuan Emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty
Yuan Emperor Si Marui (276-323) was the founding emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Word Jingwen. Wen county, Hanoi (now west of wen county, Henan). Great-grandson of Sima Yi, son of Sima Jin. Six years in office. 15-year-old heir to the throne. In the later period of the Eight Kings Rebellion, Sima Yue, the king of the East China Sea, was attached to it, and the more he became the general of Pingdong, the more he supervised Xuzhou's military affairs, and stayed in Xiapi. After Liu Yuan, the leader of the Han Dynasty, raised troops, the situation in the Central Plains deteriorated. Si Marui used Wang Dao's plan to move to build his town (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). In the first year of Yongjia (37), the imperial court was appointed as General Anton and Commander-in-Chief of Yangzhou Military Corps, and went south in September. With the assistance of Wang Dao and Wang Dun, he treated the local gentry well, suppressed the rebellion, and managed miserably, so he got a foothold in the south of the Yangtze River. In the fourth year of Jianxing (316), Liu Yao was trapped in Chang 'an, and was captured by Emperor Jin. The death of the Western Jin Dynasty. In March of the following year, Si Marui was promoted to the throne, and the founding of the People's Republic of China was started, and Jianwu was changed. He is known as "one hundred and sixty-eight" for his extensive affiliation. In June, Liu Kun, Duan Pihao, Liu Han, the local governors of Jin, who lived alone in the north, and other 18 people from Han and Hu wrote to persuade Jin. Si Marui became emperor in 318, and was renamed Tai Xing. According to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River and Pearl River basins, it was called the Eastern Jin Dynasty in history. In the early years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wang Dao presided over politically and relied on Wang Dun militarily. At that time, people called it "the king and the horse, * * * the world". Si Marui was dissatisfied with the relegation of power, citing Liu Kun, Diao Xie and Dai Yuan as confidants in an attempt to exclude Wang's power. In the first year of Yu Yongchang, Wang Dun (322), which was known for its ambition, took up an army in Wuchang in the name of killing Liu Kui, and went straight for Stone Town (that is, Jiankang). Wang Dao secretly helped Wang Dun to protect the interests of the Wang family. Wang Dun attacked Jiankang and killed Dai Yuan, while Liu Kui went to Schleswig. In the same year, it was ugly in November, and Emperor Jin Yuan died of grief and anger.
Emperor Wendi of the Sui Dynasty
Emperor Wendi of the Sui Dynasty Emperor Wen of Sui (541-64), the founding emperor of the Great Sui Empire, was a great politician and national hero. China, the greatest emperor in the eyes of westerners, is honored as the "Saint Khan" of China. Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty managed it carefully, and the Sui Dynasty became strong and prosperous rapidly. He not only accomplished the great cause of reunifying China, but also made the Sui Dynasty a powerful country with stable political power, social stability, sharp increase in registered permanent residence, rapid increase in land reclamation, abundant savings, cultural development, elite armour, and extraordinary influence, which is known as "the rule of the emperor" in history. A series of reforms have been carried out in political and economic systems. In the central government, the system of three provinces and six departments was implemented, and the local state, county and county three-level system was changed to the state and county two-level system, and local officials were appointed and removed by the central government, thus consolidating centralization. Thanks to the vigorous efforts of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty to develop production, he was regarded by foreigners as the greatest emperor in the history of China. Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty ordered the construction of Daxing City in Xijing (that is, Chang 'an City was modeled after the prototype) and Luoyang City in Tokyo. The design and layout of Daxing City had a profound impact on the urban construction of later generations and Japan, Korea and other countries. In 584 AD, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty ordered Yuwen Kai to lead the people to open the Cao Canal. Wei River is drawn from the northwest of Xingcheng, slightly following the old course of Cao Canal in Han Dynasty, and flows into the Yellow River in Tongguan, which is more than 15 kilometers long and is named Guangtong Canal. This is the beginning of the construction of the Grand Canal, which connects two civilizations. Make the Yellow River basin and the Yangtze River basin gradually become one. In a short period of time, he put China back under the rule of a political power, defending the powerful enemies of Turkic and Qidan from outside, making the people live in peace and prosperity, and his great achievements did not fully restore the land area of the Sui Dynasty even in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Tang Gaozu
Tang Gaozu Li Yuan (618-626). The founding emperor of Tang Dynasty. He claimed to be the descendant of Li Guang, the former general of the Western Han Dynasty, and Li Gui, the founding monarch of Xiliang during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. The word uncle de. Longxi Chengji (now Qin 'an County, Gansu Province) was born in Han nationality, and his ancestral home was Qin Long, Zhao County (now Longyao County, Xingtai City). Grandfather Li Hu was an official in the Western Wei Dynasty. Father Li Yun, an official in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, was an ancient official, a general in Anzhou, and a general in Zhuguo. The mother is the lonely queen sister of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, so she is very close to her. After Emperor Yangdi ascended the throne, Li Yuan was appointed as the prefect of Xingyang (now Zhengzhou, Henan Province) and Loufan (now Jingle, Shanxi Province). Later, he was called to be a little supervisor in the temple and moved to Wei Wei and Shao Qing. In the 11th year of Daye (615), I visited Ambassador Hedong in Shanxi to comfort him. Thirteen years, I stayed in Taiyuan. At that time, the peasant war spread all over the country at the end of Sui Dynasty, and the political situation was in turmoil. Tang gaozu and his second son, Li Shimin, rebelled in May of the 13th year of Daye, and recalled his eldest son Li Jiancheng and his fourth son Li Yuanji from Hedong (now Yongji West). After Tang gaozu's rebellion, he sent Liu Wenjing to Turkey and asked Khan to send military forces to help him. At the same time, he recruited troops and led his troops south in July. At this time, under the leadership of Shi Biao, Wagangjun fought fiercely with Wang Shichong, who was trapped in Luoyang. Tang gaozu took advantage of the gap to forge ahead in Guanzhong, and eliminated the heroes and unified the country. After nine years in office, his second son, Li Shimin, directed the "Xuanwumen Change" that seized the office, and was forced to spread it to his second son, Li Shimin, who was honored as the Emperor's Father. Zhenguan collapsed in nine years, and the temple name was Gaozu after his death.
Emperor Zetian of Wu Zhou
Emperor Zetian of Wu Zhou Wu Zhao (624-75), Han nationality. The only orthodox female emperor in the history of China (there was a female emperor Chen Shuozhen during the civil uprising in Tang Gaozong era), the oldest emperor in succession (acceded to the throne at the age of 67) and one of the longest-lived emperors (aged 82). Tang Gaozong was the Empress (655-683), Tang Zhongzong and Tang Ruizong were the Empress Dowager (683-69), and later he became the Emperor of Wu Zhou (69-75). He changed the name of Tang to Zhou, made Luoyang his capital, and named it "the Capital of God". Known in history as "Wu Zhou" or "Southern Zhou", he abdicated in 75. Wu Zetian is also a poetess and politician. Wu Zetian was the only queen in history. In the feudal society with men as the center, she occupied the throne as a woman, and made great achievements that were beyond the reach of the royal family, important officials, especially aristocratic groups at that time, which objectively played a certain role in the development of feudal society and the stability of people's lives at that time. This role, even Mitchell, who has always been a royal servant of the feudal dynasty, cannot be erased. But the existence of a female emperor, after all, is a violation of feudal etiquette, so those imperial Mitchell have to reverse right and wrong, try to make rumors and slander from their private lives, and describe Wu Zetian as the most promiscuous sinner ever. Today, it is difficult for me to turn over the verdict for Wu Zetian on the stage of drama. In a word, how to shape such a female politician correctly and vividly is a new topic in the performing arts of Yue Opera. As an empress who inherited the prosperity of the Yuan Dynasty from Zhenguan, Wu Zetian should have outstanding political talents and lofty political demeanor.
Northern Song Taizu
Zhao Kuangyin, Song Taizu (927-976), the founder of the Northern Song Dynasty in China, was born in Zhuozhou (now Hebei). Born into a military family, Gao-zu Zhao Yi, grandfather Zhao Jing, the second son of Zhao Hongyin. In 948, Guo Wei, the Tang Dynasty's Tang Dynasty envoy, made great achievements. In 951, Guo Wei proclaimed himself emperor. After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin was appointed as an imperial officer, and Zhou Shizong was inspected from the official to the front of the temple. After the death of Zhou Shizong Chai Rong, Emperor Gong acceded to the throne. In the first year of Jianlong (96), in the name of "calming the two states", he lied that the Khitan joined the Northern Han Dynasty in invading the south on a large scale, led troops to war, launched a mutiny in Chen Qiao, became emperor on behalf of Zhou Dynasty, established the Song Dynasty, and made Kaifeng its capital. After Zhao Kuangyin proclaimed himself emperor, he successively conquered the separatist regimes of Houshu, Nanhan and Nantang. During Zhao Kuangyin's reign, he learned the lesson that the eunuch's autocratic power and the separatist regime in the buffer region in the Tang Dynasty led to his demise, accepted the suggestion of Minister Zhao Pu, and cut away the military attache's power through "relieving the soldiers with a glass of wine", thus attaching importance to literature over martial arts and strengthening centralization, so that there was no eunuch's autocratic power and the separatist regime in the Song Dynasty. Compared with other dynasties, the society in Song Dynasty was more stable and fair, and literature, philosophy, fine arts, science and technology, education and so on were more developed. However, the result of emphasizing literature over martial arts also led to the lack of military strength in the Song Dynasty, and wars with foreign countries mostly ended in defeat. In the ninth year of Kaibao (976), Zhao Kuangyin was drinking with his brother Zhao Guangyi on his way to the northern expedition to Qidan, and stayed in the palace. The next morning, Zhao Kuangyin died suddenly at the age of 49. About Zhao Kuangyin's death, there is a saying that "the sound of candles and axes" in the Record of Shan Ye in Hunan Province.
Emperor Gaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty
Song Gaozong (117-1187), whose name was Zhao Gou, was named Deji, the founding emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, the ninth son of Song Huizong, the emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the brother of Song Qinzong. He was once named "Kang Wang". Zhao Gou is politically incompetent, but he is good at calligraphy. He is good at truth, line and cursive script. His brushwork is free and easy, beautiful and natural, and he is quite charming in Jin Dynasty. His ink handed down from generation to generation includes cursive script Luo Shenfu, Zhengcao Qianzi Wen and Guangming Tower Monument.
Yuan Shizu
Yuan Shizu borjigin Kublai Khan (1215-1294) was in office from 126 to 1294. Grandson of Genghis Khan, brother of Mong Gehan (Xianzong), Mongolian. Hu Bi-bian, the fourth son of Ruizong, is a Mongolian, and the second son (the fourth son in total) of Tuo Lei's wife Suoluheteni. The founding emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, the ancestral temple name, the posthumous title Shengde Shengong Wenwu Emperor, was honored as Emperor Xue Chan in Mongolian. He is also the fifth generation of Mongolian Khan.
Ming Taizu
Zhu Yuanzhang (1328-1398), the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, was the second monarch of civilian origin after Liu Bang, the emperor of the Han Dynasty. The reign of Zhu Yuanzhang was called "the rule of Hongwu". During Zhu Yuanzhang's reign, he established a system to safeguard the imperial power through many hot wrists, such as imperial court ministers, abolishing prime ministers, setting up a royal guard, and killing heroes (including the fathers who punished corruption and perverting the law). It was precisely because of these measures during Zhu Yuanzhang's reign that there was no monopoly of consorts or warlords in the 276 years of the Ming Dynasty. Eunuchs did not form the climate in the late Tang Dynasty, and the phenomenon of party struggle did not form the disaster of "Niu Li Party struggle" in the late Tang Dynasty.
Qing Taizong
Qing Taizong (1592-1643), Manchu Aixinjue Roche, was named Huang Taiji (also known as Crown Prince, Hong Taiji and Huang Taiji), the eighth son of Taizu Nurhachi, and the second generation monarch of the late Jin Dynasty. Tomorrow will be the sixth year (1626) in Shenyang. The following year, it changed to Yuan Tiancong. He vigorously promoted feudal reform and strengthened centralization; He conquered Mongolia and Korea one after another, and led troops to attack the Ming Dynasty many times, expanding the western border to Jinzhou and Ningyuan. In April of ten years, he changed his name to Chongde and Qing Dynasty, and officially proclaimed himself emperor. He died in the eighth year of Chongde (1643) at the age of 52. He was buried in Zhaoling, Shenyang (now north of Beiling Park, Shenyang).
Emperor Hu Hai III, Emperor Zheng II at the beginning of the Qin Dynasty, Emperor Zi Ying, Emperor Taizu of the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Liu Bangxiao Hui, Emperor Liu Ying, Emperor Liu Gong and Emperor ricas Taizong Xiaowen, Emperor Liu Heng Xiaojing, Emperor Liu Qishizong Xiaowu, Emperor Liu Che Xiaozhao, Emperor Liu Fuling Han Fei (Changyi King), Emperor Liu Hezong Xiaoxuan, Emperor Liu Xun, Emperor Gaozong Xiaoyuan, Emperor Liu Ao, Emperor Zong Xiaocheng, and Emperor Liu Xin.