"Shepherd Boy"·Lv Yan
The grass is spread across the field for six or seven miles, and the flute makes three or four sounds in the evening breeze.
After returning home and having a good meal, after dusk, I lie down under the moonlight without taking off my coir raincoat.
The green grass seemed to have been spread on the ground by someone. There was grassland in a radius of six or seven miles.
The melodious flute sounds of three or four shepherd boys could be faintly heard in the evening breeze.
The shepherd boy returns from grazing at dusk after having a full dinner.
He didn't even take off his raincoat, so he lay happily on the grass and looked at the bright moon in the sky.
Lv Yan, whose courtesy name is Dongbin, is a rock guest. The grandson of Wei, the Minister of Rites, was a native of Yongle (Yiyun Puban) County, Hezhong Prefecture. He was promoted to Jinshi in Xiantong, but failed. He traveled to a wine shop in Chang'an and met Zhongli Quan, but he didn't know where he was going. Four volumes of poetry.
Lv Yan
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Lv Yan (Yizuoyan) was a famous Taoist priest in the Five Dynasties and early Song Dynasty. One of the legendary "Eight Immortals". No. Chunyangzi. One said it was named Dongbin, and the other said it was named Dongbin. His place of residence and dates of birth and death are unknown. Earlier records from the Song Dynasty called him "Guanzhong Yiren" or "Guanyou
ren". After the Yuan Dynasty, the more consistent term was Yongle Town, Puban County, Hezhong Prefecture (now part of Rui County, Shanxi Province). City) people, or
people from Dongping (governed in today's Dongping, Shandong).
He was born around the end of the Tang Dynasty and died at the beginning of the Song Dynasty. He was a contemporary of Chen Tuan. As for later generations who pushed his living era up to the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty (713-741), it was based on the Taoist Lu Weng's story recorded in the "Pillow in the Pillow" written by Shen Jiji of the Tang Dynasty. In addition, there are many different legends. More credible is the record in "National History": Lu Dongbin, a Confucian scholar, transferred to Taoism due to unfavorable academic performance
He met Zhongli, a hermit of the Five Dynasties, and was granted the teachings of Neidan. He lived in seclusion in Zhongnan Mountain and was active in Guanzhong. . "More than a hundred years old, but
looks like a baby. It is said that there is swordsmanship from generation to generation, and it was in Chen Tuan's room", together with Chen Tuan, Li Qi (also known as "Li Qi") and other legendary figures
Communicate. Hao expressed the essence of inner alchemy in poetry and contributed to the formation of Zhonglu's golden alchemy. There was a disciple Shi Jianwu (Huayang
zi) in the Northern Song Dynasty who passed on his teachings.
Lü Dongbin took Neidan as the path to immortality, and also studied Zen Buddhism. He claimed that he "studied Confucianism at a young age, and grew up good at Xingzong. He cultivated Tianjue and abandoned others
Jue, despised and stubbornly emptiness, and realized the vacuum. Tianjue It stops at human affairs, and the vacuum is inseparable from causes and conditions.” ①It is pointed out: "Those who practice alchemy must first correct their furnace." As an alchemy furnace, spirit energy and semen are medicines, and the eyes, ears, mouth, and nose are the eight doors of the furnace, and "always stick to them." Don't hurt
Inner truth, "then in the furnace of heaven and earth, the cauldron of creation, mix the medicine, match the yin and yang, and refine the divine energy." It is believed that "those who follow the Tao of Heaven
always retain the true unity of Yuanyang and the pure Qi in their body, and then they can live forever", and said that "it depends on transforming and refining the five elements
Already". It advocates that one day should be regarded as a year, and the day should be regarded as spring and summer, and the night should be regarded as autumn and winter. "Yin and Yang rise and fall, running in the four seasons." ② Day and night end at the beginning
Cultivation. He also believes that "the source of life is one Qi. When it comes, there is one husband and one woman; when it goes, there are three men and three women." The golden man picks yellow buds on the platform of the Nine Palaces, and the jade girl collects them. The white snow is on the twelfth floor. Fire is made in the water to divide the Eight Diagrams; the Yin is refined to distinguish the Nine States. So the three fields are reunited and the fire dragon comes out of Hunqu. After a thousand days, it swims on Pengdao. . There are eight out of ten essentials:
The seven ways to achieve small success, the six ways to achieve medium success, and the five ways to achieve great success." It is proposed that cultivation should start by eliminating the six desires and seven emotions, purging the accumulated energy in the heart and gathering the spirit. The method behind the elbow is to carry the medicine up the back through the tail to enter the brain. You should think of the dragon, tiger, river and chariot to lift it up.
But you should prevent the deficiency yang of the kidney from entering the top of the head and causing the disease. The upper blockage generates heat, so the three men of Zhen, Kan, and Gen and the three women of Xun, Li, and Dui "pitch and open up, and the sections will rise and save, and don't be in a hurry to pass." Continuing to fly the golden crystal, "hit three levels in one hit" and go straight into the upper palace. After refining for a long time, if you think too much, you will spit out jade liquid to refine its shape. There are also methods such as gold liquid returning elixir and refining the form. ③His poems, such as "The world is hidden in a grain of millet,
The mountains and rivers are cooked in a two-liter pan", "People don't recognize the turtle who drinks it, and the ghost who burns the mountain talisman is ugly", etc., are strange and strange, and are particularly popular among people.
After the Northern Song Dynasty, people in successive dynasties pretended to be Lu Dongbin (also known as "Hui Taoist priests", "Hui guests", "Huishan people", etc.) and did various strange things. Deeds of deification come one after another. Folk belief in Lu Dongbin is very popular. A Taoist scholar of the Song Dynasty once compiled the "Ji Xian Zhuan" and said that among the Taoists of the Tang and Five Dynasties, "only Chunyangzi Lu Gong was the most powerful". The "autobiography" named after Lu Dongbin claimed that he met Zhongli and Kuzhu Zhenren and obtained the golden elixir and the way to exorcise ghosts. "When I was fifty years old, I visited Guo Shangzao for the first time and Zhao Xiangu for the second time."
"I often traveled to Zhejiang, Bianjing, and Qiaojun. I tasted the white horn belt and there was a mole under my right eye. , like a messenger in the human world, with big muscles. Shiyan
I sell ink and fly my sword to take people's heads. I heard that there are actually three swords: one to cut off worries, two to cut off greed and anger, and the third to cut off lust. My
sword.
If there is a god in the world who can teach me, it would be better to teach me my Dharma; to teach my Dharma, it would be better to teach me my conduct. Why? If you behave in the opposite way,
Even if you shake hands and receive martial arts, you will never achieve enlightenment." ① Miao Shanshi, a Taoist in the Yuan Dynasty, even compiled the seven-volume "Miao Tong Ji of the Divine Transformation of the Chunyang Emperor", which was compiled
< p>Collecting 108 stories, Lu Dongbin was also worshiped by the emperor. In the first year of Xuanhe of the Song Dynasty (1119), he was conferred the title of "Miao Tong Zhenren".In the sixth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1269), he was given as a gift. "Chunyang Yan Zhengjing Hua Zhenjun" was named "Chunyang Yan Zhengjing Hua Zhenjun" in the third year of his reign (1310).
It is said that Lu Dongbin has a legend. The twelve subjects of "Lingbao Bifa" taught by Zhongli Quan are Zhonglu's self-written "Jiuzhen
Jade Book" (recorded in "Song History·Yiwenzhi", that is, "Daoshu"). "Volume 26, Chapter 1), "Juhou Hou Sancheng Chapter"
One volume (recorded in "Zhizhai Shulu Jieti", that is, "Daoshu" Volume 25, Chapter 1." "Zhizhailu" also contains a volume of "Chunyang", which is called this chapter, with slight differences). His thoughts on alchemy are still scattered in "Five Precepts" of "Daoshu". /p>
In chapters such as "Zhongmiao" and "Zhixuan"; the poems include "Jindan Shijue" compiled by Xia Yuanding of the Southern Song Dynasty, which is similar to what Yang Yi said, "those handed down from generation to generation"
More than a hundred poems "It is consistent with some of the poems quoted by Yang Yi, but there are few works on which they are based. There are several separate editions of "Qinyuan Chundan Ci". There are several annotated editions of "Qinyuan Chundan Ci". "Chunyang Zhenren Huncheng" collected in "Zhengtong Daozang" "Collection" was compiled by He Zhiyuan, a Taoist of the Yuan Dynasty, and the authenticity is mixed. "Lu Zu Zhi·Yi Wen Zhi" also added "Knocking Yao Song" and ten miscellaneous songs, which is even more unreliable. p>Although "Lv Gong Kiln Head Blank Song" is recorded in "Zhi Zhai Shu Lu Jie Qie", there are actually "Fu Zheng Gong" (Fu Bi),
"Zhang Shangshu" (Zhang Shangying) ), "Zhao Shumi" (Zhao Ding) and other names are obviously fake works written by people in the Southern Song Dynasty. The works signed by Lu are included in "Dao Zang Ji Yao", and most of them were written by later generations or Fu Ji. Most of "The Complete Book of Lu Zu" is also a forgery.
Note:
①②③ "Tao Zang" Volume 4, page 422, Volume 20, page 738, page 729, Cultural Relics Publishing House, Shanghai Bookstore, Tianjin
Jointly published by Tianjin Ancient Books Publishing House, 1988
④ "Neng Gai Zhai Man Lu"