Stone arch bridge appeared earlier in the history of bridges in the world. This kind of bridge is not only beautiful in appearance, but also firm in structure. It can cross rivers for decades, hundreds or even thousands of years, and play a role in transportation.
Stone arch bridge has a long history in China. The "Traveler's Bridge" mentioned in Water Mirror Notes was built around 282 AD, which may be the earliest stone arch bridge on record. Stone arch bridges can be seen almost everywhere in China. These bridges vary in size and shape, and many of them are amazing masterpieces. The most famous ones are Zhao Zhouqiao in Zhao County, Hebei Province and Lugou Bridge near Beijing.
Zhao Zhouqiao, which spans the Weihe River, is a world-famous ancient stone arch bridge and the oldest stone bridge that has been used since its completion. This bridge was built around 605 AD, and it has been 1300 years now, and it still maintains its original majestic posture. By the time of liberation, the bridge was somewhat damaged. Under the leadership of the people's government, after thorough renovation, this ancient bridge has been rejuvenated.
1. The overall feature of stone arch bridge is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ stone arch bridge.
2. From the above paragraphs, the order of explanation is ()
A, from essence to phenomenon B, from concrete to generalization C, from general to individual D, from cause to result
In the second paragraph, it is written that this kind of bridge is not only beautiful in form, but also firm in structure. Can the order of "form" and "structure" be reversed? Why?
4. The main method of interpretation in the third paragraph is ()
A, example b, analogy c and column number d are used for comparison.
5. What is the function of the word "almost" in the third paragraph "Stone arch bridges are almost everywhere in China"?
6. What is the central content of the fourth paragraph?
Second, reading:
Zhao Zhouqiao is very majestic, with a total length of 50.82 meters, a width of 9.6 meters at both ends and a narrow width of 9 meters in the middle. The design of the bridge completely conforms to scientific principles, and the construction technology is even more ingenious. Zhang said in the Tang dynasty that it was "made strangely, and people don't know why." The characteristics of this bridge are: (1) The whole bridge has only one large arch, which is 37.4 meters long, and it was the longest stone arch in the world at that time. Bridge opening is not an ordinary semicircle, but like a bow, so there is no steep slope on the road above the big arch, which is convenient for horses and chariots to get up and down. (2) A big arch has two small arches on each shoulder. This creative design not only saves stone and reduces the weight of the bridge, but also increases the water flow in the bridge hole and reduces the impact of flood on the bridge when the river surges. At the same time, add an arch on the arch to make the bridge more beautiful. (3) The big arch consists of 28 arch rings, just like so many bows with the same shape put together to make an arc-shaped bridge opening. Each arch ring can independently support its weight. If one arch ring is broken, the other arches will not be affected. (4) The structure of the whole bridge is symmetrical, which is in harmony with the surrounding scenery; Even the stone pillars and slabs on the bridge are beautifully carved. Zhang Kun of the Tang Dynasty said that looking at the bridge from a distance is like "going out in the first month and Changhong drinking". Zhao Zhouqiao's superb technical level and immortal artistic value fully show the wisdom and strength of our working people. Li Chun, the main designer of this bridge, is an outstanding craftsman, and his name is engraved on the inscription at the bridge head.
1. Summarize the general idea of this passage. Choose the correct answer and fill in the letters in brackets.
A: It shows that Zhao Zhouqiao is very spectacular.
It shows that Zhao Zhouqiao's design is completely in line with scientific principles, and its architectural technology is even more ingenious.
C. Explain the characteristics of Zhao Zhouqiao structure: ingenious structure, material saving, high strength and beautiful form.
Zhao Zhouqiao's superb technical level and immortal artistic value fully show the wisdom and strength of our working people.
2. Divide this passage into three levels, separated by "∨".
3. The author uses accurate and vivid language to explain the characteristics of things, or uses metaphors, or enumerates numbers, or quotes ancient books, or gives examples. Analyze the following sentences and point out which one they belong to. How do these sentences describe Zhao Zhouqiao?
(1) is 50.82 meters long, 9.6 meters wide at both ends, slightly narrower in the middle and 9 meters wide.
(2) bridge opening is not an ordinary semicircle, but like a bow.
(3) In the Tang Dynasty, it was said that it was "wonderfully made, but people don't know why".
(4) Li Chun, the main designer of this bridge, is an outstanding craftsman, and his name is engraved on the inscription at the bridge head.
(5) Zhang Kun in the Tang Dynasty said that looking at this bridge from a distance is like "a cloud rises at the beginning of the month and Changhong drinks a stream".
4. To accurately explain the object, we must use accurate language, pay attention to the sense of proportion, and understand the role of adding black words in the following sentences.
(1) was the longest stone arch bridge in the world at that time.
(2) There are two small arches on both shoulders of the big arch.
Third, reading.
① Lugou Bridge on Yongding River was built between 1 189 and 1 192. ② The bridge is 265m long and consists of 1 1 semicircle stone arches, and the length of each semicircle stone arch varies from16m to 21.6m.. ③ The bridge is about 8 meters wide, and the road surface is flat, almost parallel to the river surface. ④ There is a stone pier between every two stone arches, which connects 1 1 stone arches into a whole. Because the arches are connected together, this kind of bridge is called multi-arch stone bridge. When the Yongding River flooded, it was very severe. In the past, the embankments on both sides of the river were often washed away, but this bridge has never had an accident, which shows its firmness. ⑦ Slate is laid on the bridge deck, with stone pillars on both sides. Eight lions with different postures are carved on each stigma. Pet-name ruby these stone lions, some mother and son embrace, some whisper, some like listening to the sound of water, lifelike.
1. The nine sentences in this article can be divided into four levels. Choose the right one from the following four strokes and put its letters in brackets.
A.①‖②③④‖⑤⑥⑦‖⑧⑨
B.①‖②③④⑤‖⑥‖⑦⑧⑨
C.①②③‖④⑤⑥‖⑦⑧‖⑨
D.①②③④‖⑤‖⑥‖⑦⑧⑨
2. The above four levels respectively illustrate the four characteristics of Lugou Bridge. What are these four characteristics? Write it in simple words on the horizontal line below.
3. This paper compares the Lugou Bridge with the related riverbanks on both sides. What are the characteristics of Lugou Bridge?
4. Lugou Bridge is 265 meters long and consists of 1 1 semicircular stone arches. Is the arrangement of this 1 1 stone arch the largest in the middle, with one-to-one symmetry from left to right? Answer the questions according to the text and tell me what characteristics this article embodies.
5. "Almost parallel to the river", the word "almost" is used accurately, what does it mean?
6. The last sentence of this passage vividly describes the stone lion on the Lugou Bridge. What rhetorical method is used in this sentence? What is the expressive function of this description?
The answer to "Chinese stone arch bridge":
1. 1. It has a long history, beautiful shape and strong structure. This shows that Chinese stone arch bridge has a long history. 2, C 3, can not be interchanged, write the form first, which is the intuitive impression given by the bridge and a perceptual knowledge. Strong structure is a further understanding of the bridge, that is, a rational understanding. So the relationship between them is progressive. 3. C.4. "Almost everywhere" means almost everywhere. Because it can't be everywhere. Use "almost" to express accurately. 5.6 Zhao Zhouqiao is a world-famous ancient stone arch bridge and the oldest stone bridge that has been used since its completion.
1，c 2。 Divide this passage into three levels and separate it with "∨" in the text. ..... people don't know why. "‖ ....." Clouds rise at the beginning of the month, and Changhong drinks ". ... with his name engraved on it. 3. The figures in (1) accurately show that Zhao Zhouqiao is very magnificent. (2) For example, the shape of Zhao Zhouqiao Arch is vividly depicted, which shows that there is no steep slope on the road above the arch. (3) Citing ancient books, it shows that Zhao Zhouqiao's design conforms to scientific principles and the construction technology is ingenious. For example, it shows Zhao Zhouqiao's superb technical level and immortal artistic value, and fully shows the wisdom and strength of our working people. (5) A: The quotations vividly illustrate the beautiful form of Zhao Zhouqiao. 4.( 1) The word "computable" means estimation. When explaining the characteristics of things, the author not only has certain data as the basis, but also worries about incomplete information, so he must leave room. "Countable" here refers to the conclusion that you are not absolutely sure, which is also to accurately explain the characteristics of things. (2) "Two shoulders" accurately and vividly shows that the small arch is above the two ends of the big arch, rather than parallel to the big arch. Ge accurately explains the distribution and quantity of small arches.
Third, 1, B 2, ① has a long history. ② Exquisite structure. ③ High strength, firmness and durability. 4 formal beauty. 3. The strong features of Lugou Bridge are clearly shown. 4. The stone arch around the big arch is asymmetrical. It is said that "the length of each stone arch is different, from16m to 21.6m", which shows that the length of the bridge arch is asymmetric. This passage is the author's conclusion after verifying the length of each stone arch bridge. The figures are accurate and reflect the characteristics of accurate explanation language. 5. "Almost" is the restriction of "parallel to the river", which means close to "parallel to the river" and emphasizes the smoothness of the road surface. 6. This sentence uses rhetorical methods of parallelism and personification. This description can not only make readers have a concrete feeling about the beautiful form of Lugou Bridge, but also make the article colorful.