Mencius (one of the representatives of Confucianism)
Mencius, Ji surname, Meng family, famous guest, word, was born in Zoucheng (now Zoucheng, Shandong) during the Warring States Period. A great thinker, educator and representative of Confucian school, he is also called "Confucius and Mencius" with Confucius.
Han Yu's The Original Road lists Mencius as a figure who inherits the Confucian orthodoxy in the pre-Qin period. In the Yuan Dynasty, Mencius was called "elegant Gong Sheng" by posthumous title and was honored as "elegant saint". His disciples and re-disciples compiled Mencius' words and deeds into a book, which is a collection of recorded essays and a compilation of Mencius' remarks. It was written by Mencius and his disciple * * *, who advocated "taking".
Personality assessment
Mencius is one of the most important representatives of Confucianism.
Mencius was a famous thinker, educator and politician in ancient China. He was a representative of Confucianism in the Warring States Period, the fourth generation disciple of Confucius and the second generation disciple of Ceng Zi. He inherited and developed Confucius' thought. Confucius is the supreme saint and Mencius is the second saint. Mencius and Confucius are collectively called Confucius and Mencius, and most people call them Confucius and Mencius.
Mencius once followed the example of Confucius and led his disciples around the world, but it was not accepted by all countries at that time, and then he retired to write books with his disciples. Mencius' and his disciples' remarks were compiled into Mencius, which is one of the classic works of Confucianism.
Mencius' article is eloquent, magnificent, good at argumentation, rigorous in logic and sharp in wit, which represents the peak of traditional prose writing. Mencius put forward the theory that human nature is good, that is, human nature is good Mencius only said that human nature is good, and Zhu in the Southern Song Dynasty added that "at the beginning of life, human nature is good", and later scholars put forward "human nature is good".
Historical position
Establish a position
Mencius, one of the most important representatives of Confucianism, was called "Yasheng" by later generations. But Mencius' position before the Song Dynasty was not very high. There is a limerick satirizing Mencius: "Have beggars ever had two wives? Why are there many chickens next door? There is an emperor Zhou in fashion, what about it? " Since Han Yu wrote The Original Road in the mid-Tang Dynasty and listed Mencius as the only figure in pre-Qin Confucianism who inherited Confucian orthodoxy, there has been an "upgrading movement" of Mencius, and the status of Mencius and his works has gradually risen. Song Shenzong Xining four years (107 1), Mencius was included in the imperial examination for the first time. In the sixth year of Yuanfeng (1083), Mencius was officially named "Zou Guogong" for the first time, and he was allowed to enjoy the Confucius Temple the following year. Later, Mencius was promoted to a Confucian classic. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu combined Mencius with The Analects of Confucius, Daxue and The Doctrine of the Mean into four books, and their actual status was even higher than that of the Five Classics.
In the Han Dynasty, Mencius was regarded as the "biography" of the auxiliary wing "classic book", which was juxtaposed with Confucius' Analects of Confucius. In the Five Dynasties, Meng Changjun, the master of the post-Shu Dynasty, ordered people to engrave eleven classics such as Yi, Shu, Shi, Li, Zhou Li, Historical Records, Biography of Ram, Biography of Gu Liang, Zuozhuan, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius. The Great Learning and The Doctrine of the Mean are considered to be the works of Zeng Shen, a disciple of Confucius, and Zi Si, a grandson of Confucius. In this way, Mencius is on an equal footing with Confucius and his lineal works, and his actual status is even higher than the Five Classics.
From the Yuan Dynasty to the first year of Shun Dynasty (1330), Mencius was named "Asian Saint" and later called "Asian Saint", ranking second only to Confucius.
In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was formally stipulated that the topic of imperial examination eight-part essay must be selected from the four books and "speak for saints". As a result, Mencius became one of the must-read books for scholars in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Pursuit of seal and loss
The imperial seal of the dynasty
Song Yuanfeng six years (1083), Zou Guogong, Song Shenzong.
From the Yuan Dynasty to the first year of Shun (1330), take Kuoya.
In the ninth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1530), Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty was regarded as a saint and dismissed from office.
In Jingtai, Ming Dynasty, the descendants of Mencius School were named as doctors of the Five Classics in imperial academy, and their descendants were hereditary.
In the third year of the Republic of China, Meng Qingtang, the seventy-third generation doctor of the Five Classics in the Hanlin Academy, was renamed a big official.
In 24 years, it was renamed Yasheng Feng Si Guan.