In fact, the way to live is the way to be a man. Today, if we want to stand on the society, we must start with how to be a man. In terms of how to deal with life, Chen Jiru's Little Window summarizes four methods: "Ning is the first to do things, modesty is the first to protect oneself, tolerance is the first to treat others, and freedom is the first to nourish the heart", and advises people to keep an open mind and be peaceful. Chen Jiru is still absorbed in writing: "Yesterday, we must stay, stay, the roots sprout again, and the dust will eventually get tired." Today, it is impossible to implement, and if it is implemented, the dross will not be changed, and the interests will become the root of desire. "This is a blow to some people in the world!
Many outstanding scholars literally praised Chen Jiru, the author of Small Window, as a wise man who can see through life and death and vanity Fair. There is a sentence in the book, "Under the sunset tree, I am hanging out with the old woman; In the deep snow hall, the drama and the poet fought in vain, and the leisurely attitude towards life touched me. It is not "joking with great scholars, there is no Ding Bai", nor is it "a person who beats water for three thousand miles and soars to nine Wan Li". Mei Hong knows how to find the simplest happiness from life. As Haruki Murakami wrote in Afternoon on Langerhans Island, he chose and bought underwear by himself, folded the cleaned underwear one by one, and put them neatly in the drawer. When he saw them quietly and comfortably arranged, he could feel a smile and real happiness. Lin Qingxuan also mentioned in "Signing Paper for Zen" that he went to Sunshine Mountain to see red leaves in early spring. Walking on the mountain road at night, he found a hut selling noodles. When eating noodles, he opened the paper bag of chopsticks and dropped a piece of paper. " Nice weather today! After that, he wrote: "I chanted this sentence, looking at the pale blue valley in the night and the maple red in the moonlight in the valley, and suddenly felt that I didn't know that the weather was really good today and I lived happily! "I can't help thinking of a Zen saying I once happened to see:" Sit on the snowy peak and watch the last saussurea involucrata blossom ". Who doesn't yearn for this plain and meaningful sentiment? Isn't living to meet beauty?
There is also the author's view on reading in the book-"Life is a good reader if you have books to read, leisure to read, knowledge to read and literacy to be illiterate. Nothing is better than enjoying the happiness of the world. " Holding a few rolls in hand, the grass in the book strolls along the shore of the lake, just like a beautiful woman dragging a long skirt and growing a lotus flower step by step. There are water drops in the paper, and the vast sea will be wider when the light passes through it ... Mei Gong hopes that we will always keep it simple, just like never reading a book. I can't understand the true meaning, but think about it carefully, this is a reading realm!
Huang Yongyu once asked Shen Congwen, "Apricot blossoms in March, and it rains in Mao Mao. During the day and night, there are rhododendrons everywhere, and I don't want to go anywhere ... I've always wanted to invite some good friends to see apricot flowers and listen to rhododendrons. Make a mountain out of a molehill ... "Mr. Shen closed his eyes, half lying on the bamboo chair and said leisurely," What you know is worth it! " That's it, it's worth knowing! The different philosophies in The Story of the Small Window are worth appreciating.
My favorite is Chen Meigong's "Don't disgrace your mission, watch the flowers bloom in front of the court" in "Small Window"; If you don't want to stay, you will roll with the clouds outside the sky. It is elegant and gorgeous, seemingly indifferent but profound, and it will spread a kind of artistic conception and feelings when reading. Life is long, and you need an ethereal thing to give you psychological hints, so that you can laugh at the fleeting time and feel the bitterness and cold of life. The word "loitering in front of the court" means "hiding in a small building to form a unity, regardless of spring, summer, autumn and winter", while "wandering with the outside" shows the broad feelings of not knowing others. The realm of "flowers bloom and flowers fall" and "clouds roll and clouds are comfortable" is similar to Fan Zhongyan's "don't be happy with things, don't be sad for yourself". A pair of couplets, just 24 words, profoundly expresses the attitude of life towards things, things, fame and interests: not surprised, staying, unintentional-in this way, you can be peaceful and indifferent to nature; Only in this way can we be philosophical and smile at life. Just as Zhao Puchu, a great contemporary, wrote a few lines before he died after realizing life and death: "Be born happy and die without regret. The flowers are still blooming and the water is still flowing. I have nothing. Who will rest in peace? The moon is bright and cool, and there is nothing to worry about. "
Hiding my thoughts, I seem to see the vague outline of a wise man, trembling in the sparkling water of the long river of history. In addition to transcendental philosophy, there are some meaningful and meticulous rational thinking in the book. It is like a mottled bronze ware in a distant age, with a poetic light green; Just like a carefree person, wearing Zen clothes and cool cold light, whistling and singing a utopian song of spiritual integrity in the depths of the years.
The Story of a Small Window is a collection of proverbs and essays about self-cultivation compiled by Chen Jiru (Mei Gong), a famous writer and painter in Ming Dynasty, after reading historical classics. Most words in the book come from ancient classics and history, as well as folk proverbs. Together with Caigen Tan and Night Talk Around the Furnace, it is called the three required books for China people to cultivate their self-cultivation, and some people call it "three unique skills in dealing with the world".
The Story of the Small Window is a small collection of life philosophy that reminds the world, short and pithy, with far-reaching influence. The concentrated content involves self-cultivation, cultivation, business, politics and life. With the calmness of a philosopher, the author made a bitter and objective attack on the decadent and vulgar world style at that time, and revealed that "those who are good against turbidity are pure, those who are good against poverty are rich, those who are good against vulgarity are elegant, those who are good against inferiority, those who are good against weakness are concentrated, and those who are good against today are ancient and not as good as chaos".
Many outstanding scholars have praised Chen Jiru, the author of The Story of a Small Window, as a wise man who can understand life and death and see through Vanity Fair. Chen Jiru wrote in the collection: "Yesterday must stay, and if you stay, the roots will sprout again, and the dust will eventually get tired. Today, it is impossible to implement it. If it is implemented, the dross will not change and the interests will become the root of desire. " This wise motto, like a breath of Qingyuan, lingers in the coolness of early summer.
Hiding my thoughts, I seem to see the vague outline of a wise man, trembling in the sparkling water of the long river of history. In addition to transcendental philosophy, there are some meaningful and meticulous rational thinking in the book.
Reading a book full of wisdom is actually equivalent to analyzing the author's inner spiritual form. The story of a small window has been handed down to this day because of its profound cultural connotation. Until today, it is still thought-provoking. It is like a mottled bronze ware in a distant age, full of poetry. Light green; Just like a carefree person, wearing Zen clothes and cool cold light, whistling and singing a utopian song of spiritual integrity in the depths of the years.
Among them, the favorite is this sentence compiled by Chen Meigong in "Little Window": Don't be humiliated, just watch the flowers bloom in front of the court; Going or staying is unintentional, and it is easy to follow the clouds.
This is a couplet written by Hong Yingming in Ming Dynasty, and Hong Yingming is the author of Caigen Tan, so its earliest source should be Caigen Tan.
I have always liked this couplet, even when I was young and ignorant. This couplet is elegant and gorgeous, seemingly indifferent but profound, and it will radiate a kind of artistic conception and feelings when read. Life is long, and you need an ethereal thing to give you psychological hints, so that you can laugh at the fleeting time and feel the bitterness and cold of life.
The word "before the leisure court" has the meaning of "hidden in a small building and unified, regardless of spring, summer, autumn and winter", and the idle talk has a casual randomness. Walking with the sky shows the broad feelings of not sharing common knowledge with others. The lofty realm of "flowers bloom and flowers fall" and "clouds roll and clouds are comfortable" is exactly the same as Fan Zhongyan's "don't be happy with things, don't be sad for yourself".
A pair of couplets, just 24 words, profoundly expresses the attitude that life should have towards things, things, fame and interests: don't be happy with things, don't be sad for yourself; Don't care if you don't like it; Don't be humiliated, stay or have no intention of staying-only in this way can you feel peaceful and indifferent to nature; Only in this way can we be philosophical and smile at life.
Most modern people live very tired, and their spirit and mind are overwhelmed. The temptation of money, the dispute of power and the ups and downs of official career make people tired, right and wrong, success or failure, gain or loss, make people happy, sad, surprised, puzzled, worried or afraid. Once the wish is difficult to realize, once the thought is difficult to succeed, once the hope is lost, it will be lost, frustrated or even lost. To overcome this kind of loss, frustration and loss of ambition, we need to balance it by internal debugging, so as to achieve a comfortable state of "being humiliated and staying".
The great contemporary Mr. Zhao Puchu, after realizing life and death, wrote a few lines before his death:
Live happily and die without regrets. The flowers are still blooming and the water is still flowing.
I have nothing. Who will rest in peace? The moon is bright and the wind is cool.
-32 words, which fully embodies the spiritual connotation of "do not disgrace the mission, stay or leave without trace".
Don't lose face, just look at the flowers blooming and falling in front of the court-the flowers are rich and the flowers are lost. Don't be carried away by temporary glory, and don't be given up by temporary humiliation. Indifferent to fame and fortune, just want nothing.
Whether to stay or not is unintentional, and it is easy to follow the clouds outside-Zen realizes life and death, and water disappears without a trace. Be happy when you live, but not sad when you die. Heart like a cloud, let nature take its course.
With the rapid development of society, people's personnel environment and material environment are also changing rapidly. In the face of this complicated and changeable environment, we can't help sighing. It is not only difficult to do things now, but also more difficult to be a man. The way of life is the way of being a man. Today, if we want to stand on the society, we must start with how to be a man. Know how to be a man, you can live in harmony with others, treat people with things, and be reasonable. The Story of the Small Window has a great inner beauty, and it is a small collection of life philosophy that reminds the world, and it is briefly commented. The book begins with "Awakening" and ends with "Money". Although mixed in the dust, I look down on things; In the criticism of pouring thoughts into the world, the philosopher's coldness is revealed, and its motto is exquisite, short and exquisite, which urges people to save money and benefit their hearts. Since it came out, it has spread like a raging fire, attracting readers' attention again and again, and its cultural charm has been recognized by readers more and more.
Comments on a small window; Small Window, also known as Drunken Ancient Hall Sword Sweep, was refined from more than 50 classics and historical subsets by Lu, a talented scholar in the south of the Yangtze River in the Ming Dynasty. As an excerpt, the whole book is presented in categories and codes according to the life interests of awakening, emotion, preciseness, spirit, element, scenery, rhyme, strangeness, extravagance, law and money, which is meaningful and gives a glimpse of the secretary's spirit in the world.
I'm glad to get this book. This book is thick, but it is not difficult to read. Every word is chosen by the editor from his own unique perspective. It is not easy to choose words and make sentences, which requires editors to have high literary accomplishment and aesthetic taste. Take a rest in the afternoon, hold a book, soak in the light, feel the mood of the poet or author word by word, and sigh their accurate expression of emotion, situation, relationship and life, which is amazing, fascinating and immersive.
When people wander alone, they often think of "living in groups without talking" and "sitting alone but guarding their hearts" Watching others travel around the world with gold and silver satin, he said to himself, "Red dust on the road, white waves in the river, spare him a hundred southern cities;" There is a bright moon among the flowers, a breeze in Panasonic, and a pillow in my north window. There is no such thing as "everyone in the world is surprised when they see a bald head". Pay attention to things other than money, don't forget to bring a pot of wine, and pay tribute to this sentence, "Why don't you get drunk when you pour green wine?" Since the gold is scattered, how can it come back? "The world doesn't know each other, and a friend sings," Only running water can make you born, and famous mountains like medicine can make you fit. ".
When I wake up in the morning, the sun shines all over the courtyard, and I know what "the tung leaves in front of the building are scattered into a courtyard to clear the shade"; When a magpie crows on its branches, it will be "the sound of birds on the pillow provokes half a window of red sun". "Green hills are ground into powder, and there are no idle people in the daytime", and the lips and teeth are interdependent and the thoughts are graceful. When the sunset rises on the hill, it says, "If the sky doesn't fall, the world of mortals will be deeper." When I entered the secluded paradise, I realized "winding flowers" and "deep grass paths". I laughed at the clouds and denied the bay head, and fallen leaves knocked at the door.
People with lofty sentiments like "people with friends all over the world"; A thoughtful person is willing to "read all the books that have not been read on earth." Poetry wine rises and walks at night, accompanied by several rounds of bright moon on the roof. It seems that ambition can divide the upper half of the river equally. Pointing at the stars in the river and saying that they are tourists; Laughing among the flowers, watching the bright moonlight like you. Hearing the beautiful female voice, lamenting the yellow bird to make it sing; See beauty in the dust, smile at the green hills, and learn to wear eyebrows. When I come to make tea, I think of the ancients taking Leng Xiang with snow. Linshui preached, "I'm glad to hear the news about fish."
Publishing a collection of sentences will inevitably hide the examinee's mental state and interest, convey his understanding of everything in life to readers, and express his meaning with the pen of his predecessors. Although this book is in line with my imagination of ancient life: leisurely and indifferent, making tea and wine, drinking under the moon, walking through the snow to find poetry. I am amazed by the quiet, pious and minimalist temperament conveyed between the lines of Little Window. After tempering, screening and refining the author's profound thoughts, Zhuo Ya's oriental implicit and restrained aesthetic value orientation is fully exposed. However, I think one of the major shortcomings is that I don't pay enough attention to the people at the bottom, lack descriptions of some hardships, poverty, forbearance and difficulties, and reveal more petty bourgeoisie interest. It can only be said that this is a beautiful picture in the eyes of candidates, but it is not a social phenomenon.
Read more words or excerpts if you like, and skip if you don't like. In my spare time, I had an exchange of ideas with many ancient people. Wash the tired customers' hearts with running water.
Small Window is a short and pithy collection of life philosophy written by Chen Jiru, a scholar in Ming Dynasty. The concentrated content involves self-cultivation, cultivation, business, politics, life and so on. The author made a bitter and objective attack on the decadent and vulgar world style at that time, revealing that "those who are good at clearing up and opposing turbidity, those who are good at being rich and anti-poor, those who are good at being vulgar, those who are good at being humble, those who are weak and anti-concentrated, and those who are good at being ancient and anti-modern."
Chen Jiru wrote in the collection: "Yesterday must stay, and if you stay, the roots will sprout again, and the dust will eventually get tired. Today, it is impossible to implement it. If it is implemented, the dross will not change and the interests will become the root of desire. " This is full of wisdom motto, like a ray of deep Qingyuan breath, lingering in this crisp autumn in the early spring of South China.
Hiding my thoughts, in this ethereal Qingyuan breath, I seem to see a vague outline covering the ancient breath, trembling in the long pulse of history and in my incomprehensible thoughts. In addition to the lofty philosophy, there is also an elegant and meaningful, extremely cautious and weighty rational thinking. Is this rational thinking a strange field for me who is often emotional?
This strange field, like vivid details in ordinary life, reflects the normal state of life and is the constant part of the bottom of life. I have been walking in the phenomenon of life, but I am submerged in it, oblivious. Like all people in the world, from a distance, they constitute a strange floating world. But who will go forward, pay attention to the inside story and get a clear and transparent view? Perhaps, this field, like life, needs the soul of life to perceive.
With my present experience and accumulation, I'm afraid I can't understand its essence, so I can't be calm. While concentrating on understanding, perceptual thinking often pushes me into a dead end of thinking. Although these philosophical maxims have penetrated into my memory and become part of my thinking, I don't know their hidden souls.
Reading a collection full of wisdom is actually equivalent to analyzing the author's inner spiritual form, which is an epoch-making achievement created by the author. What the author said in the collection is an experience of life, a truth about the world, or close to a truth. This truth is to evaluate a person's value by the peak he has reached, rather than integrating his value by equating his peak with his deep valley.
Everything has advantages and disadvantages. The reason why this collection can be handed down in the long river of history is because it has profound cultural connotation. Until today, it still has a thought-provoking effect. However, no matter how widely this anthology is read by later generations, it will not reproduce the authenticity at that time. Because time and space have changed, people's values have also changed greatly. The interpreter of communication uses his own understanding and tone, and the receiver has his own understanding background. Any subtle perceptual factor can make the original author's original intention taste bad and produce multiple meanings.
From this perspective, how contradictory this is with reality. It is like an antique with a mottled history. Years have polished it into a high-definition and far-reaching image, and it has been singing utopian songs of spiritual integrity since ancient times. Although it has a rich and colorful civilization on the surface, it will occasionally be touched, wiped, appreciated and even used. However, when the bottom of human nature is difficult to fill, when the world of money is blurred, it will be sadly lost in the layers of secular greed.
Read the review of Small Window; In my spare time, reading a small window is like boiling a pot of green tea, and the fragrance surrounds the beam.
In the midsummer afternoon, I made myself a pot of good tea with sweet mountain springs, listened to cicadas and bamboo sounds, sat under the eaves of bluestone tiles, and an old cat was lying at my feet, reading while drinking tea, recording the old things about years and time. How fast life is.
The Story of the Small Window is divided into twelve volumes according to different contents: awakening, emotion, preciseness, spirit, elements, scenery, phonology, strangeness, strangeness, luxury, Buddhism and modesty.
The language is short and pithy, catchy and thought-provoking. Some sentences describing scenery and life feelings are elegant, but they are not vulgar and gorgeous at all. The author starts from different contents, but always runs through a theme, that is, how we should settle down in this world, how to get along with people and how to treat people and things.
When I first read Little Window, I was really surprised. In particular, I read "Don't lose heart when you meet a silent person; When you see someone angry and complacent, you should be careful. The state of full crown juxtaposition, don't be overwhelmed; Don't use the days to save lives. "
Even today, 600 years later, it still applies to people today.
A few words, but it is obviously a criterion for judging the word "degree". Different situations score different occasions, even if you dress up carefully and follow the rules, you need to look at the right place and time. In the face of everything in the world, in addition to knowing where your principles and bottom line are, the most important thing is to grasp a "degree" and distinguish what can and cannot be done.
"Make people famous before, but not after; It makes people happy at first glance, but it won't make people bored for a long time. " When I said these words, I found that they really hit the point. Even modern people, we still face these problems. The author pointed out the direction for us. We should know how to behave and get along with others. We all like to listen to compliments, but we don't know whether they are sincere or against our will. So the tone likes others to praise us in person. We'd better be ourselves and don't leave messages for others, so as not to be judged behind others' backs. When we get along with people, we also know proper limit and the sense of distance. If being together is too boring and you don't know the limits, it will be boring over time.
In terms of self-cultivation, the author also said a lot. It is similar to "frugality can help honesty, but forgiveness can become a virtue." But books don't ask rich and poor, old and young, reading a book has advantages; Read a book for a day, and you will gain a day. ""A gentleman is a human being. If you have something, you don't want anything. You shouldn't want something from nothing. "Wait a minute.
On the whole, The Story of the Small Window is a good book, which is worth reading and pondering.
Generally speaking, they are both books that advocate bioethics by Confucianism and Taoism, which involve learning to read, being a man, settling down, mood and other aspects. Although there is no lack of dogma of feudal literati, it is more elegant and detached, not bound by secularism, disdaining vulgar freedom, the civilian consciousness of the rich and powerful, and the natural attitude of advocating mountains and rivers and leisurely floating, which can be regarded as the motto of China for thousands of years.
When I read word for word, I often think of an ancient poem, an allusion of an ancient character and an event derived from a paragraph, or get inspiration from the text, sum up the essentials of how to be a man in today's society that suit me or are willing to try, and collide with a lot of ideological sparks. Every chapter will have words that are useful or unforgettable to me, including the original text in the book and my own comments when reading.
Comments on a small window; 6. A small window; To observe the honor and disgrace of the world and appreciate the joys and sorrows of life as the main line; Characterized by beautiful words and elegant meanings; It is a motto book of self-cultivation Some proverbs in the book are profound and thought-provoking; Some of them are implicit and unforgettable. Reading has a lingering feeling and has always been regarded as a masterpiece of self-cultivation
Chen Jiru, the author of Small Window, was born in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. He is elegant and detached, knowledgeable and versatile, and has written a lot in his life. Through the works, we can feel the author's open-minded and dust-free realm, and all his insights are shining with wisdom, which is still of reference value today and in the world, especially the opinions on self-cultivation and integrity are worth reading.
Insight 1: Always keep a normal mind and cultivate yourself with your heart.
"Small Window" said, "It is better to praise before than to destroy after; It is better to be happy than to be carefree. " Tell us that being free and easy is the first way to nourish the heart. The ancients said: the phase is born by the heart, and the environment is created by the heart. The heart is the commander in chief of the body and the direction of action. To enhance life experience, we need to start with "heart", always hold a happy heart and show people with a smile; Keep a normal mind and you will laugh at life. The so-called normal mind is not to see through the world of mortals, nor to be passive and reclusive, but to be peaceful, open-minded, inclusive and free and easy. Is to do things actively and keep a low profile. Is to pity all sentient beings and benefit everything. If you look at wealth with a normal heart, you will not be jealous of others or laugh at others; Only by looking at the success or failure of gains and losses with a normal heart can we be worthy of heaven and people. Only when a person has a correct attitude can he have mindfulness, positive thinking and positive behavior. Mindfulness refers to the concept of being positive and optimistic and being kind to others. If you are kind to others, you will treat them like a Buddha. If you have evil thoughts, treat each other like cow dung. With a positive and optimistic attitude towards life, the world will be full of vitality and light; If you are pessimistic and disappointed, the world will be desolate and lifeless. In real life, normality is not easy. Things are complicated all the time, testing everyone's judgment and choice ability and psychological endurance. Can we not complain when we are blessed? Can I run and not retreat when I am in the state? Can I not give up when I am lucky that day? Only dust-free and peaceful can we change our attitude towards everything, and then change the way we get along with the world, so that we can become more and more harmonious with the world.
Perception 2: People have no upper limit, and they are not sleepy.
"Small Window" said: "Reading not only changes temperament, but also nourishes spirit." Cherish time and be good at learning. Not only can you be complacent about poetry and books, but you can also absorb righteousness and enhance your spiritual realm. "Stay for a long time, you will fly high; The first person to open, thank you separately. " Sleep for a long time, so it will fly higher; If you start early, you will wither quickly, so the smooth road may not be a good thing. Xiao Chuang Ji You emphasizes that details determine success or failure, and attitude determines everything. Emphasis is placed on striving to surpass innate intelligence, and difficult tempering will promote growth; Encourage future generations not to be limited by resources and environment, and tell us to establish a positive attitude of changing our destiny through learning, which is particularly worth learning from. Throughout the ages, there are many cases of changing one's destiny and improving oneself through reading and learning. The classic of Chinese studies "Da Xue" is an incisive summary of Confucianism and is listed as the first of the four books and five classics. Its author, Ceng Zi, is called the most stupid disciple of Confucius. However, a stupid person like Ceng Zi could understand Confucius and spread his theory to later generations. He was immortal because he wrote "Da Xue" and eventually became one of the most successful disciples of Confucius. It can be seen that it is not the qualifications and nature that limit people's growth, but the mentality of standing still. Mentality and mood not only determine a person's success or failure, but also determine a person's happiness or not. Like another disciple of Confucius, Yan Yuan enjoys a cup of food and a cup of drink, because his happiness is not dependent on the external environment, but because of his understanding of life bred from his heart. If everyone goes abroad to Bak Yan and puts aside all their troubles, they can feel this kind of happiness, and because this kind of happiness is from the heart, not external, it is not easy to change or lose.
Perception 3: Mind does not follow things, and quietness calms people.
"If you are dry, you have no knowledge of diving; Those who talk big will have no sincerity; If you are brave, literature has no elegance. " "Small Window" tells us that being quiet means not saying much, not being impetuous, not moving rashly, and not going with the flow. I understand that the so-called "quietness" is a cautious, indifferent and peaceful state. With an indifferent heart, we can let go of the gains and losses of fame and fortune, face all the losses and possessions calmly, and bear the suffering of life with dignity; Only by having an indifferent heart can we not be confused by material desires, wronged by power and moved by interests. Indifference brings us a leisurely and plain life, dilutes the inexplicable melancholy, makes the good mood rise, and makes people reach the profound realm of not being angry at slander and not liking fame. If indifference can make people noble, then a peaceful attitude can make people do things calmly. Indifference is peaceful, and peace is profound. A peaceful mind gives people firmness and tenacity, gives people great courage to face reality, and gives people wisdom to calmly deal with the world. Peace of mind embodies a leisurely and unhurried atmosphere. When we are calm, we can not only appreciate the beauty of life, but also face the challenges of life calmly. I think, in a sense, the real success and happiness in life may lie in having a "quiet" word.
Be ambitious and indifferent to interests. Through reading, we realize that we should be indifferent and quiet, be calm and tolerant, be active and orderly, and live an optimistic and frank life. When we are in a noisy and flashy world but still stick to our inner pure land, when we face all kinds of temptations in the world without a trace of waves in our hearts, when we calmly examine the course of life without caring about gains and losses, when we can work hard without seeking gains and losses, then our life will enter a perfect situation.