Lao Tzu was born in Qurenli, Li Township, Chuku County. His surname was Li, his given name was Er, and his courtesy name was Dan. He had a history of keeping the Tibetan House in Zhou Dynasty. ①Library: The national library. That is the National Library.
Confucius is suitable for Zhou ① and will ask Laozi for etiquette. Laozi said: "What the Master said 2, his body and bones are all rotten, but his words are only in his ears. And a gentleman will drive when he has the right time, but when he doesn't have the right time, he will walk tiredly 4. I heard it, a good gentleman A gentleman is as virtuous as he is foolish in appearance. Eliminating his arrogance, excess of lust, appearance, and lustful ambitions are all of no benefit to his body. So I tell you, this is all. "Confucius calls him a disciple." Said: "Birds, I know they can fly; fish, I know they can swim; beasts, I know they can walk. Those who walk can be called 甔⑦, those who swim can be called Lun ⑧, and those who fly can be called 簰⑨. As for the dragon, I I don’t know, it is riding on the wind and clouds to the sky. I see you today, it is like a dragon evil!”
① Shi: Go, go... go. ②Zi: The honorific title given to men in ancient times. ③Time: opportunity, fortune. Driving: Taking a car, which is extended to go out to be an official. ④ Walking in a tired state: like a flying canopy moving in circles, turning and stopping involuntarily. Peng is a kind of grass with thin roots and leaves. The roots are broken when the wind blows, and it floats in the wind. Tired, looking like I’m changing careers. ⑤Jia: Businessman, in ancient times it refers to businessmen. Hidden as if it were empty: Hiding its goods and not letting others know about it, as if it were empty and empty. It is a metaphor for a person who has real talent and knowledge but does not show his edge. ⑥Statement: mood and expression. Obscene ambition: excessive ambition. Obscene, excessive. ⑦甔: fishing gear. Same as "net". ⑧Lun: fishing silk thread. ⑨簰: A short arrow with a silk rope attached to it for shooting birds.
Laozi cultivates morality①, and his learning is to hide himself in anonymity②. After living in Zhou for a long time, he saw the decline of Zhou, so he left. At the end of the pass, Guan Ling Yinxi said: "My son is hiding, so he forced me to write a book." So I wrote the first and second chapters of the book, saying more than 5,000 words about morality, and left without knowing where it ended. ①Morality: This refers to the term of Taoism. Tao, the universal law of the development of things and the spiritual origin of the universe. Virtue, the special laws or special properties contained in all things in the universe. ②Self-hiding: Hide your voice and traces without revealing them. Unnamed: Don’t seek to be famous. Mission: Purpose. ③Strong: Try hard. ④Mo: No one.
It may be said ①: Lao Laizi was also from Chu. He wrote fifteen chapters on the use of Taoism, which was said at the same time as Confucius.
Lao Tzu is more than sixty years old②, or more than two hundred years old, and he maintains his longevity by cultivating Taoism③.
① Or: Some people say. ②Yes: And. ③Longevity: Cultivation of body and mind for longevity.
One hundred and twenty-nine years after the death of Confucius, the Grand Historian of the Zhou Dynasty met Qin Xiangong and said: "The first Qin and the Zhou Dynasty separated when they were five hundred years old. How could the overlord come out when they were seventy years old?" ①. "It may be said that Dan is Laozi, or it may be said that it is not true, but the world does not know whether it is true ②. I am a hidden gentleman.
①Three sentences of "The First Qin and the Zhou Dynasty merged": "Index" combines the two annals of Zhou and Qin to say: "The First Zhou Dynasty and the Qin Kingdom merged and then separated. After five hundred years of separation, they reunited again. After being together for seventy years, they became kings." out". However, it is not contrary to the pros and cons of this legend to find its meaning. ②Ran: Yes, that’s true.
Laozi's son was named Zong, who was a Wei general and was granted the title of Duan Qian. The eldest son notes, the uterus, the great-great-grandson of the palace fakes ①, and pretends to be an official in the Han Dynasty Emperor Xiaowen. The false son is understood to be Taifu Wang Yan of Jiaoxi, because his family is in Qi Yan②.
①Great-great-grandson: the son of the great-grandson. ②Home: residence.
Those who study Laozi in the world are inferior to Confucianism, and Confucianism is inferior to Laozi. "If people have different paths, they will not conspire against each other." ② How can this be said to be evil? Li Er is self-transformed by inaction, quiet and self-righteous③.
①绌: means "to depose" and to denounce. ②This sentence means that if we have different opinions and principles, we should not discuss or cooperate with each other. The language can be found in "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong". ③ Inaction will lead to self-transformation, tranquility and self-righteousness: "Laozi" in the original saying: "I do nothing and the people will self-transform; I like to be quiet and the people will self-righteously". (Wang Bi’s annotated version of Laozi’s Tao Te Ching, Chapter 57, Wei Yuan’s version of Laozi’s Original Meaning, Chapter 50). This is a conservative idea that advocates easing social conflicts and keeping things as they are. Do nothing, let nature take its course, and do nothing. Quiet, clear and quiet in the heart, asking for nothing.
Zhuangzi, a Mongolian, was named Zhou. Zhou Chang was the official of Mengqi Garden, at the same time as King Hui of Liang and King Xuan of Qi. He has learned everything he has learned②, but it must be attributed to the words of Lao Tzu③. Therefore, he wrote more than 100,000 words, most of which are fables. He wrote "The Fisherman", "The Robber's Foot", and "The Box" ⑤ to slander Confucius' disciples ⑥ and to illustrate Laozi's skills. "Wei Leixu" and "Kang Sangzi" belong to ⑦, they are all empty words without facts. However, it is good at Shu Li Ci⑧, which refers to things and situations⑨, and uses plagiarism to strip away Confucianism and Mohism⑩, even though it is impossible to avoid self-explanation when studying in this world (11). It is said that the Yangtze River is self-indulgent (12), so the princes and nobles cannot use it (13). ①Taste: once. ②Peep: to look through a small hole or gap. This extension refers to dabbling and research. ③Key: gist. Ben: root, source. ④Probably: roughly. Rate: Usually. Allegory: a word of sustenance or metaphor. "Explanation", "To live in, to send something. If people don't believe it, so I entrust it to others, and nine times out of ten I will believe it." Cowardly)"; both are chapter titles in "Zhuangzi". ⑥Damage (dǐzǐ, basic): insult, slander. ⑦ "Wei Leixu" and "Kang Sangzi": both are chapter titles in "Zhuangzi". ⑧Book: consecutive words. Li Ci: It is like "摛ci", which is to lay out the rhetoric. ⑨ Similar emotions: describe the situation. ⑩Plagiarism: attack, refute. Confucianism and Mohism: the two famous schools of thought during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Confucianism and Mohism. (11) Suxue: a knowledgeable and well-educated person. (12)洸阳: Still like "Wang Yang". The water looks huge and boundless. It is described here as grand diction and unrestrained discussion.
arbitrarily: indulgently. Suitable for oneself: Suitable for one's own temperament. (13) Instrument: use him, make use of him.
King Wei of Chu heard about Zhuang Zhou Xian and sent him a large amount of money to welcome him, promising him to be his prime minister. Zhuang Zhou laughed and said to the Chu envoy: "A thousand pieces of gold means a lot of profit; a prime minister means a high position. Didn't you see the oxen sacrificed in the suburbs alone? How many years have you been fed? At this time, even if you want to be a lonely pig, how can you get it? "I am determined."
① Envoy: The former "envoy" is a dispatcher, and the latter "envoy" is a person who performs tasks, that is, an envoy. Coin: The ancients’ general name for gifts. Generally refers to jade, silk, horses, furs, poultry, etc. used as gifts. Welcome: to hire. ② Suburban sacrifice: offering sacrifices to heaven and earth. Sacrificial cow: A cow used as a sacrifice. ③food (sì, four): feeding. ④ Clothing with Wenxiu: Cover it with patterned silk and satin. Clothes, to wear, to put on. ⑤Damiao: Taimiao, the ancestral temple. Big, the same as "too". ⑥Lone Dolphin: Little pig. "Suoyin": "The solitary person is small and special." 7 Urgent (jí, urgent): urgent, fast. ⑧Du: small ditch. ⑨State-owners: People who control state power.
Those who do not harm Shen are from the capital, so Zheng is a humble minister. Academically, Qianhan Zhaohou① and Zhaohou Yong are the prime ministers. Cultivate political filial piety internally and respond to the princes externally for fifteen years. After the death of Shenzi, the country was governed and the army was strong, and no one invaded Korea.
Shenzi’s learning was based on Huang Lao and he was the master of punishment ②. He wrote two books, titled "Shenzi"③.
①Shu: Refers to the Legalist school of criminal magic. Or specifically refers to the strategies and means by which a monarch controls and uses his subordinates. Qian: Asking for something, referring to asking for an official. ②Huang Lao: Huangdi and Laozi. Pre-Qin Confucians only talked about Yao and Shun, not the Yellow Emperor. In order to compete with Confucianism for academic status, Taoism brought out the legendary Huangdi, who was earlier than Yao and Shun, and respected it as the founder of Taoism along with Laozi. Therefore, it was called "Huang-Lao's School" in the Han Dynasty. Punishment name: that is, reality and name. Legalists adhere to names and responsibilities in order to promote the rule of law and strengthen the relationship between superiors and subordinates. Punishment refers to form or fact. Name refers to speech or proposition. ③"Shenzi": lost. "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" contains six chapters of "Shenzi". There is a "General Chapter" preserved in "Qunshu Zhiyao", and there are also editions compiled by Ma Guohan and others from the Qing Dynasty. Han Fei is the son of Han. The science of Xi Xing is called magic, and it is attributed to Huang Lao②. If he were not a stutterer, he would not be able to speak, but he would be good at writing books. Both Li Si and Xun Qing worked together, and Si felt that he was worse than he was.
① Young Masters: Children of nobles. ②Gui: destination, extended to the purpose. ③Things: Teacher, study with the teacher
Seeing that Han was weakened, he wrote several letters to the King of Han ①, but the King of Han could not use it. Therefore, Han Feiji governed the country without clarifying its legal system②, and used his power to control his ministers③. He enriched the country and strengthened the military and sought talents and appointed talents, but instead used frivolous behavior to add to the merits④. It is believed that Confucians use literature to disrupt the law, while chivalrous people violate the law with force. If you are lenient, you will favor people with good reputations ⑦, and if you are anxious, you will use people with good reputations ⑧. Today, what is nourished is not what is used, and what is used is not what is nourished. Compassion and integrity cannot be tolerated by evil ministers⑨, and observing the changes in gains and losses in the past⑩, he wrote more than 100,000 words in "Gu Anger", "Five Beetles", "Inner and Outer Storage", "Shuo Lin" and "Shuo Nan" (11) .
①Number: many times, many times. Book: memorial. Admonition: admonition from the bottom to the top. ②Disease: Hate. Duty: work hard. ③To hold on to the position: To hold the power. Yu: control, control. ④Ju: promotion and appointment. The frivolous beetle: refers to people who lobby for literature. Exaggeration, vain exaggeration. Beetroot, borer. It is a metaphor for people who harm the country like moths. Merit: A person who pays attention to utility and makes practical contributions. ⑤Wen: refers to Confucian classics, such as "Poetry", "Book", etc. ⑥Breaking the ban: Violating the national ban. ⑦Wide: wide and gentle. Refers to the period of national peace. Jiezhouzhishi: Refers to a warrior who wears armor. Introduction, A. Protective armor worn in combat. Chest, helmet. ⑨Integrity: A person who is honest and upright. ⑩The past: the past, history. Gains and losses: success and failure. (11) "Gu Ang", "Five Worms", "Inner and Outer Storage", "Shuo Lin", "Shuo Nan": are all chapter titles in "Han Feizi". However, Han Fei knew the difficulty of speaking ① and wrote "Shuo Nan" very well. ② He died in Qin and could not escape.
①Say: Use words to persuade people to listen to your opinions. ② Tool: Complete and thorough. Tou means "all".
"Shuo Di Difficulty" says:
What is difficult to explain is not the difficulty of explaining it because I know it ①; nor is it the difficulty of explaining my meaning ②; It’s not because I dare to lose my ability to do my best③. Whatever is difficult to say is to know the meaning of what is said④, so I can say it with ease.
①Knowledge: wisdom. In other words: lobbying the monarch. ②Argument: eloquence, eloquence. Let’s talk about analysis. Ming: to clarify, to express. ③hengshu (yì, yi): unrestrained and unscrupulous. Lost, connected with "yi" and "yi". ④ Said: The target of lobbying mainly refers to the monarch.
What is said comes from those who have a high reputation ①, but if it is said to be rich in profit, then when you see the lower level and encounter lowliness ②, you will definitely abandon it ③. If you say it is for huge profits, but if you say it is because of a high reputation, you will see that it is unintentional and far-fetched ④, and it will definitely not be accepted ⑤. If it is said that it is really a big profit, it will appear that the person has a high reputation ⑥, but if it is said that it is a person with a high reputation, the Yang will close its body and the reality will be sparse ⑦; if it is said that it is a big profit, then the yin will use its words to show its abandonment of the body ⑧. This cannot be known.
①: It means gaining and coveting. ②See: be regarded as. Next section: Low moral character. Encounter: treatment. Chen Qiyou's "Explanation of the Four Collections of Han Feizi" quoted Liu Shipei as saying: "'Yu' should be regarded as 'even', which means that retreat and abjection coincide with each other." Or it can be said that "encounter" is regarded as "near". ④ Wuxin: No brain. Distant things: divorced from reality. ⑤Receive: Accept. ⑥Xiang: obvious, extended to public. ⑦Yang: On the surface.
Body: refers to the lobbyist himself. ⑧Yin: secretly.
A husband's affairs are accomplished through secrets, and his failure is revealed through words. It is not necessarily that the body vents it, but the words and the things they hide ① are in danger. If a noble person has some faults ②, and if the speaker expresses his good opinions in order to refute his evil ③, his body will be in danger. Zhou Zeweiye said that he knew extremely well ④. If he said he could do it but had merit, his virtue would be lost ⑤; if he said he couldn't do it but he had failed, he would be doubtful ⑥. In this case, one's body would be in danger. If a noble man gets a trick and wants to take credit for his own merit, he will be in danger if the person who tells it does not know it. He seems to have something wrong⑨, but he thinks so⑩. If the person who talks about it does not know it, he will be in danger. Those who are strong enough to do what they cannot do (11), and those who are strong enough to do what they cannot do (12) are in danger. Therefore, it is said: if you talk about a big person (13), you think it is Jianji (14); if you talk about a small person (15), you think it is porridge power (16). When it comes to what he likes, he thinks it is borrowing money (17); when it comes to what he hates, he thinks he tastes himself (18). If you narrow down your words (19), you will not know how to write them (20); if you overflow with blog posts (21), there will be too many and it will last for a long time. If one expresses one's intention in accordance with the situation, it is said that he is cowardly and unrestrained; if he worries about things too much (22), he is said to be wild and arrogant (23). This is difficult to say, and we must not understand it. ①And: to, to. Extended to involve, involve. Hide: hide. ②Excessive: fault, fault. A hint, a clue, that is, there are some signs just now, but they are not yet obvious. The sentence order of the following paragraph is different from the current version of "Han Feizi". ③Good discussion: clever discussion. Inference: derivation, inference. ④Zhou Zeweiwo: It means that the friendship is not deep enough. Zhou, intimacy. Ze, favor, favor. Wo, thick, deep. Yujizhi: Say everything you know from your heart. Extremely, exhaustively. ⑤De: merit, merit. Death: means "forget", forget. ⑥See doubt: Be suspected. ⑦Get the plan: The plan can be realized. ⑧With knowledge: Participate in this matter. ⑨Something goes wrong: do something. ⑩Also: Suspect is treated as "he". The cover shape is close but wrong. Today's "Han Feizi" says, "I think it's because of others." It's because of others. It's something else. (11) Qiang (qiǎng, grab): reluctantly. (12) Already: Stopped. (13) Sir: high-ranking officials and nobles. This refers to an important minister in office. (14) Jian Ji: To alienate the relationship between the monarch and the ministers. (15) Xinren: People with low status. (16) Porridge (yù, Yu) Quan: Show off power. Porridge, commonly known as "绻", is sold. (17) Borrowing funds: Borrowing the strength of others to help oneself. (18) Taste yourself: Test the depth of your anger. Taste, test. (19) Save your words: speak simply and straightforwardly. Path province, simple. (20) Zhi: Tong "wisdom", wisdom. Quzhi: Make him suffer injustice. (21) Flood: Water overflows and flows across the river. The metaphor is rhetorical and has no boundaries. Blog: Pursue flashy rhetoric. (22) Guang (kuàng, Kuang) Si: It means that the plan is far-reaching and the indulgence has no restraint. Guang means communication; "kuang" means far. Wanton, indulgent. (23) Cao Ye: Vulgar and vulgar. Arrogant: Arrogant and arrogant.
The task of speaking ① is to know how to respect what is said ② and to eliminate what is ugly ③ . If he knows his plan④, he should not let it lead to failure⑤; if he is brave enough to make a decision, he should not let the enemy's anger make him angry; if he has more strength⑥, then he should not let it be difficult for him to sum up⑦. Rule out different things and plan the same thing ⑧, praise different people and those who travel with you ⑨, then you can show off without harm ⑩. If there are those who have lost the same thing, then it will be clearly shown that there is no loss. Dazhong has nothing to enlighten him (11), his words have nothing to criticize (12), and he later expresses his understanding (13). This is why we are so close without any doubts, and we know how difficult it is to know everything. It has been going on for a long time (14), but Zhou Ze is rich, he has deep plans without doubts, and fights without committing crimes. He clearly plans the benefits and disadvantages to achieve his success (15), and directly points out the wrong things to cover up his own body (16). With this stalemate (17), this theory is achieved.
① Task: gist. ② Decoration: whitewash, beautify. ③Destroy: cover up, cover up. ④Self-knowledge: I think I am wise. Zhi, through "wisdom". ⑤Poor: refers to embarrassing and embarrassing the monarch. ⑥Multiple: Respect, praise. ⑦ In summary: suppress and restrict him. Basically, it is an instrument used to smooth the dendrobium trees when measuring grains in ancient times. "Guan Zi·Shu Yan Chapter" "When the cauldron and drum are full, people will judge it." This is an extended meaning. ⑧ Strange things: other things, another thing. Same plan: Same as the monarch’s plan. The meaning of this sentence is that planning another thing is the same as the monarch's plan. Planning other things is equivalent to planning this thing. You can avoid the suspicion of promoting yourself and not depriving the monarch of his beauty. ⑨The meaning of this sentence is that another person has the same virtue as the monarch. Praising that person is equivalent to praising the monarch, and there is no need to show signs of flattering the monarch. ⑩No harm: No harm. (11) Fuwu: disobedience, conflict. Enlightenment, understanding "牾". (12) Attack row: attack, repel. (13) Shen: Same as "stretch". Stretch, straighten. Extended to display. (14) Protracted and protracted: It is still used today as "protracted and protracted", which means it takes a lot of time and drags on for a long time. Open, desolate, wasteful. A long time, a long time. (15) Clear plan: clear trade-off analysis. To: reach, get. (16) Directly: speak directly and speak without any worries. Decorate one's body: straighten one's body. Decorate, repair, renovate. (17) Stalemate: It means that the king trusts his ministers and the ministers are loyal to the king.
Yi Yin is a cook ①, Baili Xi is a prisoner ②, they all have their own way to do it ③. Therefore, these two sons are both saints, but they cannot live in the world without service and are so dirty ④, so they are not suitable for official positions ⑤.
①The story of Yi Yin working as a cook can be found in "Han Feizi·Nanyan". It is said that in order to persuade Shang Tang, he "carried a tripod and served as a cook, and got close to his relatives, but Tang Nai only knew him as a virtuous person." And use it”. "Mozi Shang Xian Zhongzhong" also mentions this story, saying that Yi Yin was "a private minister of a daughter of the Xin family. She was a cook in person. Tang got her and she was promoted to prime minister." "Historical Records" Volume 3 "Benji of Yin" states that Yi Yin wanted to be appointed by Shang Tang but had no reason, so he became a "concubine" who accompanied the daughter of You Xin in marriage. It is said that he "bears the burden of Ding Zu, talks about soup with taste, and leads to the king's way". ②毩: slave.
The story of Baili Xi being a prisoner is mentioned in "Han Feizi·Nan Yan", "Nan Yan", "Nan Yan 1" and "Nan Yan 2", but the details are unclear. "Historical Records" Volume 5 "Benji of Qin" says that he was originally from the state of Yu. After Duke Xian of Jin destroyed Yu, he was captured and served as the dowry minister of Duke Mu of Qin, the sister of Jin's son Yiwu. He came to Qin and later died in Qin Zouwan. He was caught by the Chu people. Knowing that he was a virtuous man, Duke Mu of Qin redeemed him with five black ram's skins and talked about state affairs for three days. Duke Mu of Qin was very pleased and "taught him the government of the country." Volume 19 "Jin Family" also briefly mentions the incident. ③Yu: via, through this. Qian: Ask for it. Top: Monarch. ④Serving oneself: doing humble service by oneself. involved in the world: involved in society. ⑤ It is a shame for those who are not capable of serving as officials: According to "Han Feizi", it should be regarded as "a shame for those who are not capable of serving". A capable person, a wise person. Shi means "scholar".
There were rich people in the Song Dynasty, and the walls were damaged by the rain. His son said: "If there is no construction, there will be thieves." The neighbor's father also said the same thing ①. In the evening, the fruit greatly destroyed his wealth ②. His family knew his son very well but suspected the neighbor's father ③. In the past, when Duke Wu of Zheng wanted to attack the Hu, he used his sons and wives to do so. Because he asked the officials: "I want to use troops, who can attack him?" Guan Qisi said: "Hu can attack him." But he killed Guan Qisi and said: "Hu, the country of brothers is also ⑤, why do you want to attack it?" Hu Jun heard In other words, regard Zheng as your relative and not prepare for Zheng. The Zheng people attacked Hu and took it. Both of these two commentators should be aware of it. However, those who are serious will be killed ⑥, and those who are weak will be doubtful ⑦. It's not just difficult to know, it's difficult to deal with it.
①Father: old man, old man. Death: lost, stolen. ③Know one’s son: Know one’s son as one’s wisdom. ④ Zi: refers to daughter. In ancient times, both men and women were called sons. Wife: Marry Hu Jun as his wife. ⑤The country of brothers: a general name for relatives. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, although the two countries did not have the same surname, they were related by marriage and were called "brotherly countries". ⑥ Worse: heavy. ⑦Thin: light. The above two sentences mean that if you speak harshly, you will be killed, and if you speak lightly, you will be suspected. There are many differences between this paragraph and other versions of "Han Feizi".
In the past, I saw my son's flaws and fell in love with you. According to the law of defending the country, anyone who steals the king's chariot will be punished by death. Now that Mi Zi's mother was ill, people heard about it and told her at night, Mi Zi drove out in the king's chariot②. When the king heard about it, he said virtuously, "How filial you are! I am committing the crime of cutting off for the sake of my mother!" When I went to the orchard with you, my son ate the peaches and found them sweet. The king said: "You love me so much that you forget your words and think of me!" Mizi's beauty faded and his love relaxed, which offended the king. The king said: "You try to drive my chariot, and you try to eat my remaining peaches ⑤." Therefore, Mi Zi's behavior has not changed from the beginning. He who was virtuous in the past and then found guilty will change after being hated ⑥. Therefore, if you love the Lord, you will know how to be close to the Lord; if you hate the Lord, then you will know how to be close to the Lord. Therefore, those who advise should not fail to observe the master of love and hate before speaking.
① Cut off: the torture of cutting off the feet. ② Correction: Good at calling the king's orders. ③Gan: Feeling sweet. ④ Chi: relax, relax. There is a meaning of sparseness and decline here. ⑤Food: Give it to you. Yutao: Bite the remaining peach. ⑥The biggest change: the biggest change. To, the most, extreme.
The husband dragon is an insect ①, and it can be ridden while disturbing the beast ②. However, there are reverse scales under the throat. If a person has an infant ③, he will definitely kill someone. The owner of the person also has reverse scales. If it is said that there are no reverse scales on the owner of the infant, then it is unlikely ④.
① Dragons are insects: The ancients believed that dragons were insects. ②annoyi: tame and mature. disturb, tame. To get close to, to tease. ③Infant: touch, offend. ④ Ji: close, close to good advice.
People may have passed his book to Qin ①. When the King of Qin saw the books "Gu Ang" and "Five Beetles", he said: "Sorry, I will see this person traveling with him, and I won't hate him to death!" Li Si said: "This is a book written by Han Feizhi. "Qin Yin rushed to attack Han. The king of Han did not use Fei at first, but when he became anxious, he sent Fei to Qin. The king of Qin was shocked and did not believe him. Li Si and Yao Jia harmed him and said: "Han Fei, the princes of Han. Now the king wants to unite the princes, but he will end up with Han rather than Qin. This is the feeling of this person. Now the king does not need it, but will stay for a long time and return." Therefore, it is better to punish him with the law than to cause trouble." The king of Qin thought so and ordered his officials to punish him. Li Si made people leave non-medicine ⑦ and committed suicide. Han Fei wanted to present himself, but was not allowed to see him. The King of Qin regretted it and asked people to pardon him, but he was already dead.
Both Shenzi and Hanzi wrote books, which were passed down to later generations, and there were many scholars. Yu Du was saddened by Han Zi's "Speaking Difficulty" and couldn't help himself.
① Or: Yes. ②Travel: make friends, communicate. ③Hate: Regret. ④Harm: Jealousy. ⑤Merge: annex, merge. ⑥Execute the law and punish him: accuse him and execute him according to law. To pass, to inflict a crime. ⑦Leave: give as a gift. ⑧Self-confession: Confession in person.
Tai Shigong said: The Tao valued by Lao Tzu is nothingness. It responds to changes in inaction, so he writes words that are subtle and difficult to understand. Zhuangzi spreads morality ② and lets go of theory ③, and everything must return to nature. Shenzi is humble ④, giving it in name and in reality. Han Zi leads the rope and ink ⑤, and knows what is right and wrong, which is extremely tragic for Shao En ⑥. All originate from the meaning of morality, and Laozi is far-reaching.
① Nothingness: refers to the omnipresent nature of Tao, but it is invisible and visible. ②San: spread, here it means deduction and publicity. ③Let the discussion go: It is still like "letting go", that is, expressing opinions freely and without restraint. ④Humble: Diligent and self-motivated. ⑤Ring ink: The ink line used by carpenters to make straight lines. Extended to norms, legal system. ⑥Hé (hé, nuclear): Cruel and harsh. Yes, verify. By extension, harsh.