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It has effectively promoted this change and promoted the birth of modern historiography. Although Gu Jiegang was involved in this transformation process during the May 4th Movement, he made positive contributions to the establishment of modern historiography paradigm with the help of the trend of the times and new ideas. Together with Hu Shi and others, he tried to get rid of the old academic concept of feudal political culture and cleared the ideological obstacles for the establishment of modern historiography. He advocated skepticism, encouraged independent thinking, opposed superstition and blind obedience to ancient sages, publicized scientific research methods, and promoted the wide spread of modern historical concepts and methods. He practiced the ideas and methods of modern historiography in the field of ancient history research, and made arduous exploration for the establishment of modern historiography paradigm in China.
First of all, on the whole, Gu Jiegang's study of ancient history broke through the traditional historiography and showed a new research idea. He used the method of "historical evolution" to investigate and study the legendary experience of ancient history, which made the study of ancient history in China go out of the traditional historical paradigm characterized by "narration", laid the foundation for the paradigm of modern history characterized by "explanation" and played an important role. Although he has repeatedly stressed that he is doing some concrete work for the textual research of historical materials and history books, his understanding and knowledge of modern historiography make his research not limited to the textual research of historical materials and history books, nor stay in the simple "questioning the ancient and distinguishing the false". His research has inherited the tradition of textual research of traditional historiography and the tradition of distinguishing falsehood of Confucian classics, and explored and explained the reasons for the evolution of ancient historical legends from the perspective of historical evolution. Although Gu Jiegang did not write a complete general history of China's ancient history, nor did he systematically discuss his historical theories and methods, he put forward the view that "China's ancient history was caused by accumulation" in the early 1920s, and in the 1930s, he made a general reflection on China's ancient history and re-studied China's ancient history, all of which reflected a new idea different from the traditional research paradigm. His series of ancient history works, such as The Origin of the Great Unity of Qin and Han Dynasties and Warring States People's Imagination of the World, Confucius in the Spring and Autumn Period and Confucius in the Han Dynasty, and Politics and History at the End of Five Virtues, have opened up new perspectives and new fields for people to study and study ancient history from the perspective of the evolution of ideas and legends, and opened a precedent for conceptual research and academic development in the history of modern historiography in China.
Secondly, the "accumulated ancient history of China" is a conclusion drawn by Gu Jiegang from the viewpoint of evolutionary history. It is the product of modern historiography and the core point of his lifelong study of ancient history. The significance of historical epistemology in Gu Jiegang's study of ancient history is mainly manifested in two aspects: first, it distinguishes the recorded history from the objective history, which makes him dare to question the ancient history recorded in ancient books. He realized that the ancient history recorded in the literature was influenced and restricted by the times and man-made, and was easily mixed with subjective factors such as the recorder's own feelings, customs and culture, and moral judgment standards. Therefore, he pointed out: "sorting out ancient historical relics directly from ancient books" is not a "safe way"; "I believe that the scriptures are faithful to history, and the words in the scriptures shall prevail, which is true, otherwise it is false", which is even more undesirable. This understanding has become common sense today, but it was valuable at that time. Second, on this basis, the focus of the study is shifted from how to discuss the objective ancient history to the ancient history legends and evolution experience in the literature records, that is, to further investigate how the objective ancient history has evolved and changed in different times and different people's ideas. He believes that although the ultimate goal of historical research is to seek truth, when the conditions for seeking truth are not sufficient, we can't "force a respect" or "force a truth" and advocate that "if we don't establish a truth, poverty will change". This view of historical epistemology is still valuable today.
Thirdly, Gu Jiegang's research attitude and method reflect the characteristics of modern historiography that emphasizes science and demonstration. His bold questioning of the old ancient history system adapted to the anti-feudal needs of the New Culture Movement and had a great social impact. But judging from his research practice, this sensational social effect is not what he deliberately pursues. He questioned the old ancient historical system because it lacked sufficient historical evidence. When some people asked him to establish a new system of ancient history, he dared not agree. The same reason was that he felt that he lacked historical materials and evidence. It can be seen that his study of ancient history is rigorous, not a timely work to meet the needs of the situation. In his research, he tried his best to keep an attitude that he would rather doubt than draw conclusions without evidence and historical materials, which is an objective and realistic scientific attitude. In terms of research methods, Gu Jiegang also took the lead in using interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary research methods to broaden the thinking of ancient history research. This fully embodies the characteristics of modern historiography using a variety of disciplines to assist historical research. He introduced folklore, geography, geology, legends, stories and dramas into the study of ancient history, thus gaining many new insights and understandings. He said that his emphasis on the study of "ancient history and legendary experience" was inspired by the method of folklore research story.
During the transformation of China historiography from tradition to modernity in the 20th century, Gu Jiegang was a scholar who renewed his ideas and innovated his research practice in the camp of modern historiography construction. Although his research on ancient history has some limitations, its guiding ideology, overall thinking, research attitude and methods are obviously different from traditional historiography, which has the "model" significance of modern historiography in the modernization process of China historiography, and its pioneering role cannot be underestimated.