1. Qin Xiaogong: Born in 38 BC1year, died in 338 BC. During the Warring States period, he was the monarch of the State of Qin, whose name was Qu Liang. Grandson of Mu Gong XV. He appointed Shang Yang as a strong soldier of Qin and Guo Fu.
2. Songshan (xiáo hán): Songshan and Hanguguan. Xiaoshan, east of Hanguguan. Hanguguan, in Lingbao County, Henan Province. A solid and dangerous geographical location.
3. Yongzhou: including north-central Shaanxi Province, most areas of Gansu Province except the southeast, southeast Qinghai Province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.
This refers to the power of the status of the son of heaven, not the Zhou royal family. In the early Warring States period, the Zhou royal family was already very weak, with only thirty or forty cities and a population of more than thirty thousand.
5. Sweeping the world: synonymous with the following "including the whole world, including the four seas, and annexing the eight famine". Mat, like mat, uses nouns as adverbials. The following "package" and "package" are the same.
6. Eight Barrens: It originally refers to remote places far away from all directions, generally referring to "the world".
Shang Jun: Shang Yang, born in 390 BC, died in the first 338 years. Defenders of Taoism in the Warring States Period. The surname is gongsun, and the name is martingale. I am the first official of Wei and the official of Wei Xianggong. After his death, he entered Qin for nineteen years, assisted in political reform, and made Qin rich and strong. When Xiao Gong died, Childe Qian framed martingale for rebellion, and the car cracked and died.
8. foreign countries: to foreign countries. Lian Heng: Also known as "Lian Heng", it is a strategy of alienating the six countries and uniting the Qin State to implement divide and rule. The sentence "Lian Heng" is an empty pen. The Qin Dynasty in Zhang Yixiang began in the tenth year of Wang Huiwen, namely 328 BC, ten years after the death of Shang Yang.
9. Let the princes fight each other. Fight, use.
10. handover: put your hands together and describe it effortlessly.
1 1. Xihe: Also known as Hexi, it is the west bank of the Yellow River in eastern Shaanxi. In the 22nd year of Qin Xiaogong (340 BC), Shang Yang attacked Wei, and Wei made his son fight for the general. Shang Yang wrote a suicide note, son, willing to give up for a good meeting. Now that the alliance has been established, Shang Yang seized his son and attacked his army. After ten years, Wei was repeatedly defeated by Qin, and Wang Wei was afraid, so he gave Qin the land to cut the Xihe River for peace.
12. No: Pass the word on and die.
13. Huiwen, Wu,: namely,,. King Huiwen is the son of filial piety, King Wu is the son of King Huiwen, and Zhao Xiang is the half-brother of King Wu.
14. Reason: verb, follow.
15. Fertility (gāo yú): refers to fertile land.
16. Key counties: refer to areas of great political, economic and military importance.
17. Love: stingy.
18. incur, recruit.
19. Cooperation: Comparing the "Lian Heng" strategy of Qin State, it is a strategy to unite the six countries to deal with Qin State. From, through "vertical".
20. Four Gentlemen: Meng Qi Changjun, Zhao Zhao Sheng, Chu Chunshen, Huang Xie and Wei Xinling County. They were all politicians who were second only to the monarch at that time, and they were all famous for attracting guests.
2 1. About, knot.
22. leave, make discrete. Balance, pass "horizontal".
23. At the same time, merge and unify.
24. Xu Shang: Song people. Su Qin: A native of Luoyang, he was the "co-leader" at that time. Doukhi: Zhou people.
25. Qi Ming: Minister of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Zhou Zui: Son of Dong. Chen Yi: Chu people. Xiao Xiu: Chen Chu. 9 Lou Slough: Wei Xiang. Attending: Ren Wei. Su Li: Su Qin's younger brother. Le Yi: Jiang Yan.
26. Wu Qi: Jiang Wei, later in Chu. Sun Bin: Qijiang. Dai Wei: Chu River. Ni Liang and Liao Wang: Both were military strategists at that time. Tian Ji: Qijiang. Lian Po and Zhao She: Zhao Jiang.
27. System: command and command.
28. Call it a day: attack Hangu Pass. Knock, knock.
29. The division of the Nine Kingdoms hesitates to enter: The Nine Kingdoms are the Han, Wei, Yan, Chu, Qi, Zhao, Song, Wei and Zhongshan mentioned above. Wandering (qūn xún), hesitating or afraid to move forward because of concerns. According to the Table of Six Countries in Historical Records, there is no such thing as "the division of nine countries" going out together. "Qin people switch to delay the enemy, and the division of nine countries dare not enter" does not conform to historical facts.
30. Death: If you lose, throw it away. Arrow.
3 1. system: sanctions, uniforms. Disadvantages: cheerful personality, drowsiness and fatigue.
32. Death: the army that escaped, used as a noun here. North: defeated army, noun. Millions of bodies: This has nothing to do with the number of people killed in a battle. The number of people killed by Qin in six countries is recorded in history books. For example, in the first 293 years, Han yique was killed and 240 thousand people were beheaded. In the first 260 years, Zhao Changping was defeated and 450,000 soldiers were killed.
33. Because: while, preposition. Pro: favorable situation, used as a noun.
34. Enjoy the country: the number of years of the emperor's reign.
35. Six: Qin Xiaogong, Huiwen Wang, Wuwang, Zhao Xiang, Xiaowen Wang and Zhuangxiang Wang.
36. Yu: Drive and cure.
37. Two weeks: During the last Zhou Nanwang of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the Eastern and Western Zhou Dynasties split. The Western Zhou Dynasty is located in the old king city in the east of Henan Province, and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty is the public, which is called East and West. The Western Zhou Dynasty was destroyed in the fifty-first year of King Xiang of Qin and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in the first year of King Xiang of Qin Zhuang. It is not the current affairs of the first emperor, but written by the author for the convenience of writing.
38. Achieve supreme status: ascend to the throne. System: control.
39. Shocked: The word "shocked" is shocking (Guangdong Education Edition directly uses all the words).
40. South: South. Baiyue: In ancient times, Yue people lived in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangdong, and each tribe had a name, also called Baiyue.
4 1. bow your head and tie your neck: show that you are willing to submit. Tie your neck, tie a tether around your neck, as a sign of surrender.
42. Li Xia: Delivered to a judicial officer for trial.
43. North: In the north, locative nouns are used as adverbials. Fence: a metaphor for a barrier on the border. Francisco, the fence.
44. Early Kings: This article refers to the six generations of kings since Qin Xiao. First, the dead elders.
45. Words of burning a hundred schools of thought: Qin Shihuang burned books to bury Confucianism. The words of a hundred schools of thought are the works of various schools in the contention of a hundred schools of thought. Speech, speech, here refers to the work.
46. Qiaocheng: Destroy the tall city walls.
47. Selling dysprosium: destroying weapons. Molten metal needle. Front, weapons. Dysprosium, arrow.
48. Ren Jin: "Historical Records of the First Qin Emperor": "Gather all the soldiers in the world, gather in Xianyang, sell them as Zhong Yi and Ren Jin, each weighing 1,000 kilograms, and put them in the palace." Weakness: To weaken (the people of the world).
49. A city of 100 million feet: Huashan Mountain. The accident abyss refers to the Yellow River.
50. Who is the general guarding the pass and the loyal minister guarding Chen Libing? These two sentences are intertextual and should be understood as "a good general is guarding the key points, and Chen Libing is guarding the key points, but who?" . A trustworthy minister. Who is it? Oh, to ask who he is means to inquire. Why, pass on "ha" to drink.
5 1. Guanzhong: Hanguguan is the gateway of Qin, and Guanzhong refers to the land of Qin Yongzheng.
52. Jincheng: A strong city. Gold is a symbol of stability.
53. Children and grandchildren are emperors: children and grandchildren are kings. Emperor, noun flexible verb
54. Different customs: Different customs refer to remote places.
55. Bunker rope pivot: Use a broken urn as the window, and use straw rope instead of the door panel of the household pivot to describe the poverty in the family. Urn, made of urn. You, window. Rope. Tie it with a rope. Pivot, the pivot of the door switch.
56. Munri: People with low status in rural areas. Chen She was a servant when he was young, so he was called a "personal servant". Self-protection refers to the ancient rural residents. Slave, slave
57. Immigrants: The border guards refer to Chen She, who was stationed in Yuyang in the first year of Qin Ershi.
58. China people: ordinary people.
59. Walk on tiptoe (Hong W incarnation): In a garrison. Climbing trees, dancing and stepping on the ground mean "in …". The establishment of the ancient army was five and twenty-five, so the rank was used to refer to the army.
60. Stubborn: "Rise", protruding (Guangdong Education Edition has directly used all the words). Qiān mò, originally a field path, refers to the people here.
6 1. Follow the scenery when winning grain: follow the dry grain. Win, bear. Scene, same as "Shadow".
62. Chev: Compound function words are progressive, equivalent to "except" and "except". Weak, weak.
63. Device: Tongqi (Guangdong Education Edition has directly used the word "Tongjia"), an ancient agricultural tool for breaking ground and leveling fields, which looks like a rake and has no teeth. Spine: Zizyphus jujuba. Cherish: spear handle, here refers to the wooden stick.
64. Shovel: Sharp. Hook: A short weapon that bends like a sword. Halberd: A long-handled weapon with spear and Agger. Spear: spear.
65. There are also verbs, catch up, catch up.
66. measurement.
67. 10,000 chariots: 10,000 chariots, indicating strong military strength. Zhou system, the emperor is thousands of miles away, and the army is driven by thousands of cars, so it is also called the emperor of thousands of cars. In ancient times, a vehicle was called a car.
68. Sorting the eight states: Sort the eight states in the second order. Order, seating, order, here is the meaning of arrangement order. Bazhou refers to Yanzhou, Jizhou, Qingzhou, Xuzhou, Yuzhou, Jingzhou, Yangzhou and Liangzhou. In ancient times, the world was divided into Kyushu, Qin lived in Yongzhou, and the six countries lived in the other eight States respectively.
69. Facing the same column: make the governors of the six countries come to appear before the court. Make ... come to worship. In the same column, in the same class, this refers to the governors of the six countries. Qin and the six countries were originally the same column governors of the Zhou Dynasty.
70. Yes: You, used to connect integers and zeros.
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Qin Xiaogong occupies the dangerous terrain of Xiaoshan and Hanguguan, and has the land of Yongzhou. The monarch and his subjects are firmly guarding the Zhou royal family who seized power and have the ambition to unify the world. At this moment, Shang Yang assisted him, established internal laws and regulations, engaged in agricultural weaving, and built defensive and offensive equipment; The implementation of the strategy of balance of power in foreign countries has made the governors fight against each other. Therefore, Qin people easily seized the land west of the Yellow River.
After Qin Xiaogong's death, Huiwen Wang, Xiang and Xiang inherited the inheritance of the previous dynasty and followed the strategy of the previous generation, taking Hanzhong in the south, Bashu in the west, cutting fertile land in the east and occupying very important areas in the north. Fearful and fearful, the vassals got together to form an alliance, discussed and weakened the state of Qin, spared no effort to collect rare utensils and fertile soil to recruit talents from all over the world, and adopted the strategy of vertical integration to conclude a Covenant, help each other and become one. At this time, there were Qi, Zhao, Chu, Chun Shenjun and Wei, Xin Lingjun. These four emperors were resourceful, sincere and trustworthy, generous and kind, caring for the people, respecting talents, and reusing scholars. They vowed to break Lian Heng's Qin strategy and unify the armies of Korea, Wei, Yan, Chu, Qi, Zhao, Song, Wei and Zhongshan. At this time, Ning Yue, Xu Shang, Su Qin, Doukhi and other six scholars advised him; Qi Ming, Zhou Zui, Qiu Chen, Zhao Hua, Lou Man, Zhai Jing, Su Li and Le Yi expressed their opinions. Wuqi, Sun Bin, Dai Tuo, Ni Liang, Liao Wang, Tian Ji, Lian Po and Zhao She are in charge. They once attacked the state of Qin with ten times as much land and millions of troops. The Qin people opened the Hangu Pass to face the enemy, and the nine armies hesitated and dared not enter the Pass. The Qin people didn't spend a single soldier, and the princes in the world were already embarrassed. As a result, the treaty failed, and the vassal States scrambled to cede territory and bribe Qin. Qin took advantage of their drowsiness and the remaining troops to subdue them, chasing the defeated soldiers who fled, and millions of defeated soldiers were lying dead on the road. The flowing blood can float on the shield. In this favorable situation, Qin cut off all the land in the world and re-divided the land of mountains and rivers. The powerful countries took the initiative to express their obedience, and the weak countries went to Qin to worship. It lasted until King Xiaowen and King Zhuangxiang, and the rule time was not long, and nothing important happened in the State of Qin.
By the time of the first emperor, he developed the legacy of VI, ruled all countries by force, wiped out all the Western Zhou Dynasty, Eastern Zhou Dynasty and vassal States, ascended the throne of the emperor to rule the world, enslaved the people all over the world with severe punishments and severe laws, and shocked the whole world. Qin Shihuang captured the land south of Baiyue, which was divided into Guilin County and Elephant County. The monarch of Baiyue bowed his head and tied a rope around his neck (willing to obey and surrender), and handed over his life to judicial officials. Qin Shihuang then ordered Meng Tian to build the Great Wall in the north and guard the border, so that the Huns retreated more than 700 miles; Hu people dare not go south to graze, and warriors dare not draw bows and shoot arrows for revenge. Qin Shihuang then abolished the ancient emperors' way of governing the country and burned hundreds of works to fool the people; Destroy tall walls and kill heroes; Collect weapons from all over the world, concentrate on Xianyang, destroy weapons and arrows, and smelt and cast twelve bronze men to weaken the resistance of the people. Then take Huashan Mountain as the city wall, the Yellow River as the city, the towering Huashan Mountain, overlooking the unfathomable Yellow River, thinking it is a dangerous place. Good generals guard the key points with strong crossbows, and reliable officials and elite foot soldiers question passers-by with sharp weapons. The world is set, and the first emperor thought to himself, Guanzhong's dangerous and solid terrain and Fiona Fang's solid Yugoslav capital are the inheritance for generations to be kings.
After the death of Qin Shihuang, his afterglow (still) shocked remote areas. However, Chen She was only the son of a poor family. He used a broken urn as a window and a straw rope as a hinge. He protected himself and was a servant, and later became a pawn who was moved to the frontier. Talent is inferior to ordinary people, virtue is inferior to Kong Qiu and Mo Zhai, and wealth is inferior to Tao Zhu and Eton. (He) joined the garrison, suddenly rose from the field, led tired soldiers, commanded hundreds of troops, turned around and attacked the State of Qin, cut down trees as weapons, held bamboo poles as flags, and heroes gathered all over the world, echoing him from afar, and many people followed him with food on their backs. Heroes to the east of Xiaoshan revolted together and wiped out the Qin family.
Besides, the world has not shrunk and weakened, Yongzhou terrain, Lushan Mountain, Hanguguan dangerous solid, unchanged. Chen She's position is not higher than that of Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, Han, Wei, Song, Wei and Zhong Shan. Hoe stick is not sharper than hook spear; Soldiers who move to the border cannot compete with the soldiers of the nine countries; Far-sighted, the method of marching troops is not as good as that of military commanders and counselors before the Nine Kingdoms. But those with good conditions failed, those with poor conditions succeeded, and their achievements were completely opposite. Why? If we compare the Eastern vassal states with Chen She and measure their strength, we can't compare them. However, due to its small size, Qin developed into a country with thousands of chariots and horses, governed the whole country and made the governors of the six countries appear before the court for more than a hundred years; After that, he took the world as his family business and Lushan Mountain and Hanguguan as his inner palace. Chen She Uprising, the country perished. Zi Ying, the king of Qin, died at the hands of others (Xiang Yu) and was laughed at by the world. Why? The offensive and defensive situation has changed because there is no benevolent policy. To annotate ...
1. South: The seat of the ancient emperor faced south, so it was called "South".
2. Nurturing: Nurturing and ruling.
3. Brilliance: the appearance of obedience. Fee, pass the word "easy". To the wind: yield.
4. Humble, declining.
5. Power politics: conquest by force. Politics, through "sign".
6. Violence and bullying.
7. Both: when it means "then". Li Li's words are quoted in Textual Research on Hui Zhu: "We should make' namely' according to the new book." Yuanyuan, the common people. Ji: Hope.
8. Monopoly: Monopoly.
9. Wang Dao: In ancient times, it refers to the policy of governing the country with benevolence and righteousness.
10. Literature: ancient poetry and calligraphy books. The torture law makes the criminal law severe.
1 1. first: put ... first. Put ... in the back.
12. high: high thinking, high attention.
13. expensive: think expensive and attach importance to it. Follow the right and change with time.
14. From: Experience.
15. Borrow: If.
16. control: rule, control.
17. Prostitution and arrogance: debauchery and arrogance.
18. dregs: coarse food, such as wine dregs and chaff, is used by the poor to satisfy their hunger.
19. The world is crying: the people of the world are crying.
20. Collection (nú): In ancient times, when one person broke the law and his wife sat together, it was not an official handmaiden, which was called collection.
2 1. It is one of the legislative principles implemented in the early Han Dynasty to ease social contradictions.
22. Cunning injury: Cunning injury.
23. Raise your arm: Raise your arm.
24. Ozawa: Ozawa Township is the former site of Chen Sheng and Guangwu Uprising.
25. Herdsmen: Governing the people.
26. Wealth in the Four Seas: Enjoy all the wealth of the whole country, which was used to describe emperors in the old days. Four seas refer to the whole country.
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Qin unified the world, annexed the princes, proclaimed himself emperor in the court, and supported the four seas. Why do the literati in the world obey the yearning for the wind? The answer is: since ancient times, there has been no emperor who unified the world for a long time. The power of the Zhou royal family is very weak. After the five tyrants died one after another, the emperor's orders could not pass through the world. So the princes conquered each other by force, the strong invaded the weak, there were many bullies, the war continued, and the soldiers and civilians were tired. Now Qin Nandu claims to be the emperor and rules the world, which shows that there is a son of heaven in the world. In this way, those poor people all hope to live on him, and no one admires the emperor insincerely. At this time, it is the key to maintain authority and stabilize the results, whether it is stable or dangerous.
With the heart of greed and meanness, the king of Qin only wanted to display his personal wisdom, distrust the heroes, stay away from the people, abandon benevolent governance and kingliness, establish personal authority, ban ancient books and poems, implement cruel and cruel laws, put deceitful power ahead, put benevolence and loyalty behind, and take cruelty as the premise of governing the world. To implement the merger, we should pay attention to bullying the market; To stabilize the country, we should pay attention to timely response: in other words, we cannot seize and protect the world in the same way. After the Warring States period, Qin unified the world, and its route and laws remained unchanged, which was the same as its method of seizing and protecting the world. The king of Qin alone owned the world, so his demise came soon. If the king of Qin can take into account the ancient situation and formulate and implement his own policies according to the road of Shang and Zhou Dynasties, then even if there are arrogant and extravagant monarchs, there will be no disaster of collapse and peril. Therefore, Yu Xia, Shang Tang, Zhou Wenwang and Zhou Wuwang have established a country with outstanding names and long-term achievements.
Nowadays, when Qin Ershi ascended the throne, no one in the world craned their necks to see his policies. People who are cold feel good in coarse cloth and short clothes, and people who are hungry feel sweet when they eat bran. The people in the world are crying, which is the performance of the new emperor's ruling ability. This means that hard-working people are easy to accept benevolent governance. If II has the virtue of a general, he will employ loyal people, and his subjects will be single-minded and worry about the sufferings of the world. During the period of mourning, he will correct the mistakes of the former emperors, cede the land to the people, reward the descendants of the heroes, seal the monarch, treat the sages of the world, release the prisoners from prison, exempt them from punishment, abolish the arbitrary punishment of confiscating their wives and children as official servants, and let the sentenced people return to their hometowns. Open positions and send money to help the poor; Reduce taxes, reduce labor, and help people relieve their urgent needs; Simplify the law, lighten the punishment, give criminals a chance to grasp the future, so that people all over the world can turn over a new leaf, turn over a new leaf, cultivate one's morality and be cautious about themselves; Satisfy everyone's wishes, treat the world with prestige and kindness, and the world will be joined. If all the places in the world are happy to live and work in peace and contentment and are afraid of chaos, then even if there is a traitor and the people have not betrayed the heart of the country, the traitor can't hide his treachery, and the plot of riots can be stopped.
II did not practice this method, which destroyed the ancestral temple and harmed the people. It is more cruel and heartless than the first emperor. Epang Palace was rebuilt, with more punishments and more severe killings. Officials are harsh and vicious, improper rewards and punishments, unlimited taxes, and too many state affairs for officials to control. The people were extremely poor, but the monarch did not receive relief. Therefore, there have been many incidents of adultery and fraud, and many people have been deceived from top to bottom, and many people have been punished. People who were tortured on the road confronted each other, and people all over the world fell into pain. Everyone from Jun Qing down to ordinary people is in danger, living in poverty, and there is no peace everywhere, so unrest is easy to happen. Therefore, Chen She did not rely on the talents of Shang Tang and Zhou Wuwang, nor did he borrow the dignity of governors. The reason is that people are in danger.
So the ancient holy king can see the changes from beginning to end and know the key to life and death. Therefore, the way to rule the people is to concentrate on stabilizing them. In this way, even if there are rebellious courtiers in the world, there will be no response and no help. The so-called "people in a stable state can be righteous with others, and people in distress are easy to do bad things together", that is to say, this situation. Noble enough to be the son of heaven, rich enough to own the world, but unable to avoid being killed, that is because the way to save the overthrown situation is wrong. This is II's fault. To annotate ...
1. More than 30 counties in Shandong Province: After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, the world was divided into 36 counties. It turns out that there are more than 30 counties in the six countries. Shandong refers to the east of Xiaoshan and Hanguguan, which means the land of the original six countries.
2. Build the Tianjin Pass, stop at the danger, and guard it with armored soldiers: build all the passes, occupy all the dangers, prepare excellent weapons and equipment, and protect these places. Jinguan, Ferry and Pass refer to the main roads of land and water transportation. According to, according to. Repair, renovation. Armored soldiers, armored weapons.
3. Garrison: soldiers who defend the frontier.
4. You don't need bows and arrows and halberds, but you can watch the family for dinner, which is rampant all over the world: there are no sharp weapons, just hoes, wooden sticks and so on. As a weapon, it can be eaten anywhere, and it is invincible in the world. Soldiers with bows and halberds, bows and arrows, halberds and spears. White refers to farm tools. This is used to describe the vulgarity of weapons. , use "hoe". The wooden handle of a hoe. White sticks, that is, unprocessed sticks. Looking at the house to eat, watching people, and going to eat indicate that there is no military food reserve.
5. The beam is not closed (hé): It is too late to close the bridge. Close the door, close the door.
6. Chu Division went deep and fought in Hong Men without any obstacles: Chu Army has been fighting all the way around Hong Men, without even encountering obstacles such as fences. Chu Division refers to the troops of Chen Sheng Uprising. After the Chen Sheng Uprising, it was named Zhang Chu, so it was called Chu Shi. Hong Men, in the east of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province, is now called Xiangwangying.
7. As a result, Shandong was in chaos, and the princes rose together and stood side by side: in this case, the Qin state of the original six countries was in chaos, and all localities took the opportunity to rise. Disturbance, confusion. Hao Jun is a hero and a talented person.
8. Zhang Han wants to rely on the masses of the three armed forces to gain an advantage. Zhang Han took the opportunity to rely on numerous armies to plot against his monarch and claim his title. General Qin. Seeking the market is seeking your own interests. Want, with "easy", ask. Market, transaction.
9. unbelief: disloyalty.
10. Its trend is actually: because of its geographical location. In other words, because of its good geographical position, it can dominate the princes.
1 1.And: conjunctions, among other things.
12. In this world ... millions of people fled to the north and went bad: it means that although there are many good generals and sages in the six countries, they failed to attack the State of Qin because of the obstruction of the State of Qin.
13. merge with the big city, defend the dangers and hinder the army: Qin merged the army of the small town into the big city and stationed troops at the dangerous pass.
14. Don't play high bases: Jiangaoying won't play.
15. External closure: Close Hangu Pass and block the dangerous pass.
16. The princes originated from the common people: it means that the leaders of uprisings all over Shandong rose from the common people. Men, here refers to ordinary people.
17. Wang Su's Journey: The Virtue of Wang Su. Wang Su refers to a man who has no throne but has the virtue of a king.
18. Not attached below: its subordinates did not attach themselves.
19. They saw that the defense of the Qin Dynasty was difficult to attack.
20. Let the people rest in peace and wait for them: make the territory safe so that the people can recuperate and wait for their decline. Disadvantages, failures, and bad.
2 1. Take care of the weak, so that the monarch of a big country will not be complacent at home; Collecting the weak and helping the poor made the monarch of Qin not afraid that he could not realize his wishes on earth.
22. Save the day: Save the day.
23. Don't ask yourself: Be complacent and don't ask others.
24. If you don't change, you will pass: if you are wrong, don't change.
25. As a result, the tyranny was a serious disaster: Qin Ershi inherited the practice of Qin Shihuang, but did not change it. It was cruel and cruel, which aggravated the disaster.
26. The confusion of the three masters means that the monarchs of Qin Shihuang, Qin Ershi and Zi Ying were addicted to mistakes and never realized it. Confused, confused, confused.
27. Deep thinking and knowledge: profound wisdom and understanding of changes in the situation.
28. Adoption: Put forward suggestions for correcting mistakes. Brush, violation.
29. Qin customs taboo: Qin customs are taboo. Custom, custom, atmosphere.
30. Stand with your feet together: Stand with your feet together to describe your respectful appearance.
3 1.(qián) Shut up and don't talk. Describe being afraid to speak.
32. Don't smell the rape: The bad news is that the emperor won't know.
33. Masking: blocking and blinding. Refers to the situation between superiors and subordinates.
34. Decorative punishment: sorting out the punishments stipulated by laws and regulations. Decoration is the same as "Xun" and rectification.
35. It is also weak, and the princes obey it: when it is weak, it can also rely on conquering the five kings to make the princes obey. Fifth uncle, that is, the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. Bo, the same as "Ba".
36. When it is weakened, it can also strengthen protection at home and make friends with other countries abroad, so that the regime can be preserved. Wait, wait. Attached, near.
37. Heavy laws shake the world: Heavy laws shake the world. Vibration is the same as "shock"
38. Therefore, Fridays are well organized and last for a thousand years. Therefore, the establishment of the fifth-class title in the Zhou Dynasty conforms to the principle of governing the country and thus lasted for more than a thousand years. The fifth order refers to five titles, such as Gong, Hou, Bo, Zi and Gong. Order, order for thousands of years, the rule of Zhou Dynasty, Western Zhou Dynasty and Eastern Zhou Dynasty totaled more than 800 years. It's a bit exaggerated to say "over a thousand years old" here.
39. The Qin Dynasty was not correct in fundamental and minor aspects, so its rule could not last long. At the end of this paper, the fundamental principles, methods and means of governing the country are mentioned.
40. Security system: refers to the principle of national security or danger. Unity, unity and discipline.
4 1. The proverb says, "If you don't forget the past, you will learn from the future." The folk proverb says, "Never forget the experience and lessons of the past is the reference for the future." Learn from others and learn from others.
42. Investigate the causes of ups and downs and judge the appropriateness of power: understand the causes of ups and downs and distinguish the appropriate use of power. Right, right, right.
43. Orderly: there is a certain order of selection.
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Qin annexed vassals, and there were more than 30 counties to the east of Yishan, building ferries, occupying dangerous terrain, repairing weapons and guarding these places. However, Chen She shouted with hundreds of scattered soldiers, without weapons such as bows and arrows, spears and halberds, relying only on hoes and sticks. Although there is no supply, he can eat as long as he sees a house where people live. The danger of the Qin dynasty could not be prevented, the bridge at the checkpoint could not be blocked, the halberd could not be stabbed, and the strong crossbow could not be shot. Chu Jun soon went deep into the territory, while Hong Men did not even touch the fence-like barrier in World War I.. As a result, Lushan Mountain was in chaos, governors rebelled in succession, and heroes established kings in succession. The king of Qin sent Zhang Han to lead the troops to the East Expedition, and Zhang Han, with the help of the three armed forces, met the vassals outside, made deals, and plotted against his master. This incident shows the distrust between Qin Jun and Qin Jun. Zi Ying acceded to the throne, but it didn't come true in the end. If Zi Ying has the talent of a general and only gets a gentle assistant minister, the territory of the State of Qin can be preserved despite the chaos in Lushan Mountain, and the sacrifices in the ancestral temple will not be cut off.
The terrain of Qin is blocked by mountains and surrounded by rivers, forming a solid defense. This is a country under siege. From Mu Gong to Qin Shihuang, more than 20 monarchs often ruled princes. Is it wise from generation to generation? This is caused by the status situation! Besides, all countries in the world once joined forces to attack Qin. At this time, sages and wise men gather together, good generals command armies of various countries, and wise men exchange strategies with each other. However, when they were trapped by obstacles and could not move forward, Qin lured the princes into the territory of Qin to fight for them. As a result, millions of troops east of Lushan fled and collapsed. Is it because courage, strength and wisdom are not enough? This is bad terrain. Inconvenient. Qin merged small cities into big cities and stationed troops in dangerous places to defend them. The camp was built so high that it was not easy to fight with the enemy. The gate is closed, the dangerous place is guarded, and the spear and halberd are on the shoulder. Vassals were born in Shu Ren and United for profit, but they didn't have the virtue of being respected and ascended the throne. Their communication is not intimate, and their subordinates are not attached. Nominally, it means to destroy Qin, but actually it is for personal gain. When they saw that it was difficult for Qin to invade, they had to retreat. If we can settle our homeland, let the people recuperate, wait for the decline of Qin, take in the weak, help the poor and lead the newly established monarch of the eastern governors, we don't have to worry about not realizing our wishes in the world. However, they were honored as the sons of heaven and were rich in the world, but they were captured because they did not take rescue measures on the eve of extinction.
The king of Qin was content with his merits, and Dont Ask For Help taught him. In the end, he never made a mistake. The second inherited his father's mistake, but he didn't change, so he was cruel and abused, which aggravated the disaster. Ziying was helpless and in danger, but he was young and didn't help him. Sanjun was lost all his life and didn't realize it. Isn't it right that the Qin Dynasty perished? At this time, no one had the foresight to understand the changes in the situation. However, they dare not try their best to correct the Lord's mistakes. It was because of the taboo rules in the atmosphere of the Qin Dynasty that their suggestions were killed before they were finished. So people in the world can only listen with their ears sideways, stand with their feet crossed, and dare not speak with their mouths closed. Therefore, the three kings lost their way, and the loyal ministers dared not remonstrate, and the wise men dared not remonstrate. The world is in chaos, and the emperor doesn't know it. Aren't you sad?
The late king knew that congestion would harm the country, so he set officials, doctors and scholars to rectify the law and set penalties, so the world was governed. If it is strong, it is forbidden to brutally punish rebellion, and the world is obedient; When weak, the five tyrants conquered the emperor and the princes obeyed; Cutting land can be kept inside and attached outside, and the country can be preserved. So when the Qin Dynasty was strong, many laws and severe punishments shocked the world. When it is weak, people hate it and the world betrays it. The titles of Duke, Hou, Bo, Zi and Gong in the Zhou Dynasty were in line with the fundamental road, so they were circulated in China for more than 1000 years. The Qin dynasty lost everything, so it can't last long. From this perspective, the difference between stable and dangerous subjects is too far!
As the saying goes, "the past is not forgotten, and the future is a teacher." Therefore, gentlemen govern the country, study ancient history, research the contemporary situation, and test it through personnel, so as to understand the law of ups and downs, know in detail whether the strategy and situation are appropriate, and make choices in an orderly and timely manner, so the country is stable for a long time.