Among the martyrs who died for the Southern Song Dynasty, some are not as famous as the "Three Heroes of the Late Song Dynasty" and the "Three Ancient Twelve Zhai", but they also sacrificed their lives for the country, and their stories are equally fascinating. Awe and moved. Therefore, I also want to borrow this little book to tell readers their stories, so that they can be remembered by future generations as a spiritual carrier——
Wu Longqi, a martyr, Xinhui article A native of Li (now Luwei Village, Doudong, Taishan City), after the Southern Song Dynasty established a dynasty in Yashan, he organized more than 8,000 volunteer militiamen from the countryside and transported 7,000 shi of food to Yashan. Later, he also led the army to fight against Zhang Hongfan's army, winning seven out of seven battles, but unfortunately he was killed by his rebellious subordinate Xie Wenzi. Xie Wenzi held his head to surrender to the Yuan army, so his body did not have a head. According to the traditional saying, "death without a complete body" is very tragic. After Lu Xiufu found out, he ordered someone to carve a head out of the agarwood given by the Queen Mother, attach it to Wu Longqi's body, bury him in Wenjingkou Mountain, and posthumously named him a state judge. Therefore, later generations called his tomb Xiangtoufen, and the nearby village was also named Xiangtoufen Village. Later, the traitor Xie Wenzi was captured, and Song soldiers took him to Wu Longqi's tomb and executed him to pay homage to Wu Longqi's soul. ?
Chen Xianzhang of the Ming Dynasty once wrote a poem specifically for Wu Longqi, called "Wu Longqi the Song Yishi": "The Central Plains can never be restored, and a man with lofty ideals will be ashamed. If you go with your true heart, why not return with a fake head." "It means that even if the Central Plains cannot be surrendered, I will still feel ashamed to be a barbarian. As long as you sincerely follow the emperor, even if you put on a fake head, what does it matter? The poem is very short and the style is very relaxed, but it describes the heroic aspirations of loyal ministers and righteous men who sacrificed their lives for the country, which makes people sigh with emotion after reading it.
The martyrs Zhang Da and Chen Biniang.
Her husband Zhang Da was the capital of the Song Dynasty and a native of Raoping Jianshan. He had fought against the Yuan Dynasty in Guangxi. When Duanzong moved from Chaozhou to Jiazimen in Huizhou, Zhang Da led the rebel army to follow him and moved to Yashan. During the Battle of Yahai, he successfully attacked the Yuan army at night and boosted the military's power, but he died in the end. However, under the conditions at the time, it was already remarkable to be able to complete the mission of sneak attack on the Yuan army. ?
His wife Chen Biniang was from Yunxiao, Zhangzhou Prefecture. When Zhang Da decided to go to sea to serve the king, although she knew that it would be difficult for her husband to survive, she did not stop her husband and sent him to Fengyu in the sea of ??Nan'ao. This is why later generations It was named Cilangzhou - after he went there, he also wrote a poem "Cilang Yin" to encourage him:?
My husband knows that there is the King of Song Dynasty,
Farewell to me. The sea is vast.
A treacherous concubine resisted later?
Let’s see the wind and frost flying the sword. ?
When Lang bids farewell, do not look back.
Go north to the Xiaoxiao Humen tree. ?
The message was sent to Chaozhou Road as early as possible,
Chilubu in the Central Plains was restored. ?
Lang is pregnant, and his body is pledged to the country, ?
There is no way to revenge against the family. ?
The concubine is pregnant, and the body is promised to the husband, ?
Don’t say that the military spirit is not high.
After a long time of being a heroine,?
The traces of tears remain but the traces of blood remain. ?
Riding a horse and sending a boat, ?
The country’s hatred can be resolved, so what do you want from me? ?
This poem is generous and tragic, even a little masculine. It can be seen that Chen Biniang has a mind that ordinary women cannot have. Of course, this is inevitable. If Chen Biniang did not have this kind of mind, how could she send her husband to the battlefield of the Song and Yuan Dynasties? Moreover, Chen Biniang not only sent her husband to the battlefield, but also built a women's village at the foot of Yunfeng Mountain to recruit rebels to fight against the Yuan Dynasty. She also sent her brother Chen Ge and cousin Chen Zhi to the battlefield. In order to encourage her relatives, she also wrote a poem called "Pingyuan Song·Ji Husband and Second Brother Zhi Yuge". This poem, with its strong bones and tenderness, has been praised by historians throughout the ages, and I have also preserved it here:?
The tiger-headed general, with eyes like lightning,
led his troops across the dragon boat weir at night. ?
The good man has a big feather arrow hanging from his waist, ?
Guangxi takes the territory and fights to the west of the cliff. ?
There has been no news in three years.
Who can express spring resentment on a piece of paper?
The day is long and the flowers and willows are dark in the courtyard,
Leaning against the makeup building, I am tired of needlework.
When will I see my beloved?
Suddenly I saw Erlang coming to see me.
Zhi Xi drank six more cans,?
The two swallows fell down with one flick. ?
Why don’t you bring me, Zhang Langxi,?
Let’s support each other in the boat and barracks.
Is there no way to repay the Lord with peace of mind?
Hateful body is not a strange man.
What if I had never married a husband?
Let’s follow the example of Ming Fei and Xilu. ?
The captive is unknown and willing to accept me, ?
I can orchestrate and especially dance.
My second brother left me with regret,
I saw Jiangtou crying like rain. ?
How many times have I heard that I am close to death? ?
The unjudged lover can meet again. ?
Unfortunately, shortly after she said goodbye to her brother, bad news came from the front line: Yashan was defeated, the young emperor was martyred, and Zhang Da died in battle.
She was so distraught that she went on a hunger strike and died to follow her martyred husband. This poem actually became her final work.
Chen, the mother of the righteous Li Jia, was a native of Dongguan. After the news that the young emperor Zhao Bing established a dynasty in Yashan reached Dongguan, Chen encouraged her son Li Jia to go to Qinwang. In order to cut off her son's worries and enable him to serve the country wholeheartedly, she committed suicide by drowning in Huangmuwan. Li Jia was very sad when she found out, but she was also deeply inspired and determined to pay tribute to her mother's spirit in heaven with her great filial piety to protect her family and country. Moreover, Chen's death not only boosted Li Jia's morale, but also moved many local people. They joined Yashan one after another, determined to repay their mother's upbringing with great loyalty and filial piety. Therefore, although Chen did not go to the battlefield in person, he was a true martyr. She used the death of one person to activate the loyalty and responsibility of many people. This is a kind of great love. ?
If there had not been the Battle of Yashan, would there have been so many loyal ministers and righteous men and touching stories emerging from this land? have no idea. Many times, a certain historical event is like a fuse, igniting many things that should be ignited at this moment. Although this kind of ignition appears in the form of tragedy, full of life and death, full of pain and bloodshed, it is a remarkable cultural heritage from a human and historical perspective. As long as the story of the Yashan naval battle can be preserved and seen by more people, there will be many more upright people in the world who are responsible and do not compromise with violence. ?
During the Zhengtong period of the Ming Dynasty, Chen Lian, the right minister of the Ministry of Rites, who was also from Dongguan, was moved by Chen's righteous deeds and wrote a poem "Jingwei's Ci Mourning for the Martyr Chen" to commemorate her: < /p>
There are Jingwei in the East China Sea, who hold rocks in their hands and fill the sea to death. ?
When the dead sea and the stone rotten again, when will this hatred end? ?
The Tianmu Mountain Collapse King's Qi disappears, and the north wind recedes the Qiantang tide at night. ?
The new name of Yashan is everywhere, and the dust of soldiers thousands of miles away rises into the sky. ?
?
There are martyrs in the South China Sea who can keep the Tomb Mother Festival. ?
My clothes were filled with tears and blood, and I wept and said goodbye to my son. ?
The sun and the moon are always bright, and you should be loyal to me and fulfill your integrity. ?
The wind and rain are coming at the head of Huangmu Bay, and the waves at Fuxu Haikou are like thunder. ?
At this time, Gu Ang and Jingwei fell into the dark and never came back. ?
The depth of the ocean will sometimes be exhausted, but the name of a martyr woman should never be extinguished.
Ma Nanbao, a righteous man, was a person from Shayong, Xiangshan. ?
Ma Nanbao was a man of righteousness. In October of the second year of Jingyan (1277), Duanzong avoided the enemy Xiangshan from Qianwan. He donated thousands of stones of grain at home to the Song army as military rations. Duanzong appointed him as Minister of Industry, but it was just to express a little gratitude. Because the Zhao and Song regime was already a regime in exile, it had no real base and no power, and many officials were in name only. Therefore, Ma Nanbao and others did not donate food for the sake of official status. They donated food purely out of patriotism and wanted to do something for the country and the emperor. ?
The Song Army was in great difficulty at that time, with almost no rear supplies. Most of the military rations were collected by ordinary people who donated some. If they were not living in the land of Lingnan, or if Lingnan did not have such a culture, it would be difficult for the Song Army to persist for so long.
In November, Duanzong was pursued by Yuan soldiers, retreated all the way south, and set up a palace at Mananbao's house. When the Yuan army attacked, Ma Nanbao led all his soldiers to fight against the Yuan army to protect Duanzong. In the end, he was outnumbered and lost the battle. Therefore, he was hunted down by the Yuan army after the Song Dynasty was completely destroyed. But Ma Nanbao never surrendered. He often cried and went on hunger strikes, and wrote many poems with tears to clarify his ambitions. Later, it was rumored that the young emperor Zhao Bing was not dead but was fleeing to Champer and was being defended by Chen Yizhong. So he, Li De, Liang Qixin and others set up troops to transport grain, preparing to go to Champa to support the Song army. Later, Liang Qixin was persuaded by the Yuan army to surrender and rebel. Ma Nanbao and Li De joined forces to attack him, but they were both captured. In the end, they were unyielding and died resolutely.
The poet Huang Zuo once wrote a poem "Ode to Ma Nanbao" to pay tribute to Ma Nanbao: "The clear night moon shines on the sand, and it once illuminated the palace. Before arriving at Huanglong Mansion, the sky was filled with sadness and white wild goose wind. Dan's mind was dancing in the sea, and the righteousness turned into a rainbow. If Zhuyamenzhi, there is a great loyalty in my hometown."?
Xiong Fei, a righteous man from Lihua Village in Dongguan, is good at riding and shooting, and has great skills in martial arts. In the second year of Deyou, he responded to Wen Tianxiang's call for King Qin and led the rural soldiers to fight against the Yuan Dynasty and stick to Chaozhou, Huizhou and Dongguan. In September, he joined forces with Xinhui County Magistrate Zeng Fenglong and others to recapture Guangzhou, and took advantage of the situation to move north to recapture Shaozhou (today's Shaoguan). At that time, Guangzhou was an important town for the Yuan army. It was heavily guarded and difficult to recover. Therefore, their ability to recover Guangzhou was a great boost to their military power at the time. Unfortunately, they had no reinforcements. When fighting the Yuan army in Nanxiong in October, Zeng Fenglong died in battle, and Xiong Fei could only retreat to Shaozhou. The Yuan army surrounded the isolated city of Shaozhou, and guard Liu Zili opened the city to surrender to the Yuan Dynasty. Xiong Fei started a street fight with the Yuan army that drove straight in. In the end, he was unable to save his life and was defeated and threw himself into the river. ?
Although this story is simple, it represents many righteous men of that era. When Wen Tianxiang called on the world's righteous men to serve the king, many people like Xiong Fei rose up to respond. Just like what Lu Xiang, the imperial censor during the Tianshun period of the Ming Dynasty, wrote in his poem: "Thousands of miles of northern China are covered with sand, and the generals rise up to serve the king's army." When the door was called, the world was shaken, and the righteous people responded like hemp." Unfortunately, the result was: "The smelly smell and the flood swept across the South China Sea, and the green flowers disappeared without return. This made the strong men feel regretful, and they still heard the sound of war drums for thousands of years.
"But Lingnan has such a cultural soil, and there are so many people who are willing to sacrifice their lives and blood for the country regardless of personal safety. It is indeed touching and even shocking. Unfortunately, I cannot describe it in this small book If we dig too deep into Lingnan culture, we can only throw some light on it. I hope more people can discover the essence of Lingnan traditional culture and explore and protect it?
Chen Wenlong, a martyr, was born in Xinghua, Fujian (now Fujian). Putian), named Zhizhong, won the first prize in the fifth year of Xianchun (1269) and was appointed as the censor. Like Wen Tianxiang, he was dismissed from his post in 1276 because he opposed Jia Sidao and harmed the country. He was appointed as the deputy governor of Fujian and Guangzhou, and was equivalent to the deputy prime minister. In winter, the Yuan army launched a large-scale attack on Fujian. He led troops to resist in various places when Duan Zong entered the sea from Fuzhou to Quanzhou, and he was also stationed in Xinghua. Cover. The Yuan army repeatedly failed to attack Xinghua and sent an envoy to persuade them to surrender. Chen Wenlong not only refused to agree, but also killed the envoy. Later, a traitor appeared in his ranks. Cao Chengsun also opened the city gate and surrendered to the Yuan army, and Chen Wenlong was captured. The failures of the rebel armies in various places were mostly related to the collaboration of traitors. It can be seen that internal rebellion was also one of the main reasons for the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty. The Yuan army inflicted Chen Wenlong on They tortured him severely and forced him to surrender, but he pointed at his belly and said: "These are all articles of integrity, how can I be coerced by you? "It means that I have received so much education in loyalty and integrity, how could I surrender to you? Considering that he was famous and the number one scholar, the Yuan army did not dare to kill him and continued to intimidate and lure him, but he was determined not to surrender. , died on a hunger strike on the way to Hangzhou?
Chen Wenlong left many poems throughout his life, one of which was "Poems Sent to Zhongzi from the Prisoners of the Yuan Dynasty to Hesha", which he wrote while being captured. , this poem is full of loyalty, which makes people awe-inspiring: ?
The battle fortress is lonely and dangerous, and the scholar's determination is difficult to change. It's not my business. It's time for me to die and seal the territory. I have to believe that I am tired of being imprisoned and I have not heard of the martyrs raising the flag. Dan Zhongtian and earth know. ?
The righteous man Su Liuyi, a native of Jinghu, ?
In the early years of Jingding, Su Liuyi followed Lu Wende to defend Ezhou and accumulated military exploits. He and Lu Xiufu followed the two kings to escape from Lin'an and went all the way south to Wenzhou. When Lu Xiufu and other ministers supported Zhao Shi as emperor in Fuzhou, Su Liuyi served as the inspector's chief security officer, the front commander Sima, and concurrently served as the ambassador to Guangdong's Western Policy. When Zhao Bing was the emperor, he served as the commander of the third division of Yitong in Kaifeng. After the defeat of Yashan, he broke out to sea with Zhang Shijie. Zhang Shijie died in the typhoon. Later, he survived. Later, Zhao Dan became emperor and continued to fight against the Yuan soldiers in Duning Mountain, thirty miles northeast of Shunde County. However, he was eventually chased by the Yuan soldiers and died heroically. Luo Tianchi, a Shunde official of the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, wrote a poem "Duning Mountain in the Song Palace". To pay homage to it: ?
The boat passed the big fish pond and looked eastward at half of the moon.
The strange rocks were high, and people pointed to the Song Palace.
It said. Du Ning Mountain, the Zhao family suffered a catastrophe. ?
How majestic the temple is, the three loyal people are
The empty mountain is called white pheasant, and the green grass is green.
I came to pay tribute to the ancient ruins. ?
There is no name for Wang Dan in history, but Liu Yijie is still unknown. ?
If you want to continue the Yamen line, you will eventually die. /p>
The mountain breeze blows my clothes, and I am knotted with eternal sorrow.
Du Hu, a righteous man, was born in Tiantai, Zhejiang. His courtesy name was Gui and his nickname was Meihe. He was the nephew of Prime Minister Du Lizhai.
Du Hu was a strong-willed man who once served as a county magistrate. He was a knight-errant and very prestigious in Lin'an?
In the second year of Deyou, the Yuan army occupied Changzhou and other places, and Du Hu was in danger. Hu then recruited more than 4,000 volunteers to join Wen Tianxiang's anti-Yuan army to assist Wen Tianxiang in defending the city. When Empress Dowager Xie sent Wen Tianxiang to Yuan camp to negotiate peace, Du Hu tried his best to dissuade Wen Tianxiang from going because the Yuan army was a force of tigers and wolves. Later, Wen Tianxiang was detained by Boyan and taken to Dadu. Du Hu vowed to follow Prime Minister Wen, so he offered to go with the Yuan army when they passed through Zhenjiang. Wen Tianxiang was able to escape. Because of Du Hu's hard planning? ?
Later, Du Hu followed the two kings to Fuzhou and was sent back to eastern Zhejiang to organize an anti-Yuan team. After the failure, he moved to Chaoyang and later to Yashan to serve as the envoy of Daqing. . During the Battle of Yahai, he was captured by the Yuan army, tortured to death in Guangzhou, and imprisoned with Wen Tianxiang. After bidding farewell to Wen Tianxiang and heading north, he was completely exhausted and died of his injuries soon after. In order to commemorate him, Wen Tianxiang wrote two poems in prison, called "Du Daqing's Margin", which were included in "Collection of Du Poems":
(1)?
There were no thieves in the past In the middle of the night, I asked about returning.
Working hard to save the decayed people is nothing short of a trivial person. ?
(2)
If you follow the boat on the sea, how can you not have a small boat?
The sun shines on my sleeve, but it is already autumn when I bury my bones. ?
The martyrs who lost their lives in the Yahai War came from all over the world, and everyone has their story. They go with each other through thick and thin, life and death. When the news of the young emperor's death came out, they were all grief-stricken. Some fell down on their swords, walked across the sea, went on a hunger strike, or died in prison. They were bright and brave and heroic.
Unfortunately, I can't record every story here, only a few. ?
These stories are very touching to me, and I even cannot bear to touch them. Whenever I read them, pain wells up in my heart. Especially the story of Chen Biniang and Li Jia’s mother, Mrs. Chen. They were wives and mothers. They knew that going to the battlefield was simply to die, but they still sent their husbands and sons to the battlefield. Moreover, Chen Biniang not only sent away her husband, but also sent away her two younger brothers. These are difficult for ordinary women to do. ?
Why do so many people know clearly that the Song Dynasty is exhausted and cannot be revived, but they still choose to follow the Song Dynasty, shed their blood, and destroy their families for an emperor who has only a symbolic meaning? Because, as Chen Zilong said, they are filled with articles of justice, how can they commit betrayal? Not only can they not betray, they must also stand up in times of crisis without losing their temper. In their hearts, this is the duty that ministers should fulfill and the attitude that the people of the Song Dynasty should have. They don't even care whether this emperor is a good emperor or not. In the end, this dynasty will still be worth maintaining. Although some people questioned this attitude and thought it was too pedantic, no matter whether they agreed or not, everyone was shocked and moved without exception. ?
The Ming Dynasty government specially built the Dazhong Temple in Yashan, and set up a memorial tablet for martyrs in the temple to commemorate all the loyal martyrs who lost their lives here that year. In the 22nd year of Jiajing (1543), when the Yashan temple and ancestral hall were rebuilt, the Zhongyi altar was added, and two east and west verandas were built on both sides of the Dazhong ancestral hall. After the death of Song Dynasty, the king was in charge of all ministers."
In the fifty-sixth year of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty (1791), the Zhongyi Altar was transformed into an ancestral hall or a temple. ” and “the god who died together with Song Zhongyi, all officers, soldiers, women, etc.” ?
There is an article on the altar of loyalty and righteousness: "Therefore, the god of all the military officers in the Song Dynasty said: Wei Shen and others sacrificed their lives to serve the country, and their righteousness will not forget the king. Tens of thousands died together, and their surnames are unknown. As the world ages, this hatred still exists. . Woohoo! The Yuan Dynasty can seize the world of the Song Dynasty, but cannot seize the hearts of the people of the Song Dynasty. Therefore, it is better to be buried in the belly of the river fish than to be the subject of the barbarians. He died as a minister of the Ming Dynasty. It is a pity that the official sacrifices are not coming, and the wind and rain are mournful. It is the responsibility of those who stick to the land to worship and offer sacrifices to comfort their loyal souls. , Shang Xi. "The violence of the Mongolian soldiers could conquer the land of the Song Dynasty, but it could not conquer the people of the Song Dynasty. The people of the Song Dynasty would rather die in the belly of a fish than be willing to serve as ministers of the barbarians. This is what Mencius meant by "power cannot be yielded." As the poet Tian Han wrote in "Nostalgia on Yashan": "Yunxiaoling has dark waters and vast expanse of water. This is the ancient battlefield of Yashan. The shadows of sails are faintly spread out by harriers, and the sound of waves is like fighting jackals. Business has not yet been overcome in difficulties, and generosity still adds to the glory of thousands of generations. Twenty Thousands of people sacrificed their lives for the country, and there is a lingering fragrance in Silver Lake today.
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Author | Xue Mo ? Selected article | "Take You to the Distance"