Earthquake Cloud is a kind of cloud that indicates earthquakes in non-meteorological cloud classification. The international research is still superficial, and there is no consensus so far. Now there are many researchers who like it in Japan and China to explore it. It is precisely because of the lack of in-depth research that seismologists and meteorologists have unilaterally denied or far-fetched explanations of all problems involving seismic clouds by using meteorological theory. We have reason to believe that seismic clouds will make great contributions to earthquake prediction after continuous data collection and analysis in the future.
[ Edit this paragraph] Formation of Earthquake Clouds
1. Theory of heat:
When an earthquake is about to occur, a large amount of heat will be generated due to geothermal energy gathering in the earthquake zone, or due to intense friction of rocks in the earthquake zone under strong stress. These heat will escape from the ground surface, which will warm the air and generate an updraft, which will form an "earthquake cloud" at high altitude, and the tail end of the cloud will point to the earthquake place.
2, electromagnetic theory
Before the earthquake, the rock appeared "piezomagnetic effect" under the action of geostress, which caused the local change of geomagnetic field; In-situ stress makes rocks compressed or stretched, causing changes in resistivity and local changes in electromagnetic field. Due to the influence of electromagnetic waves on the upper ionosphere, the plasma concentration in the ionosphere has dropped sharply, which makes the water vapor and dust arranged in an orderly and non-free manner into earthquake clouds.
[ Edit this paragraph] General characteristics of earthquake clouds
Cloud body elevation: 6m
Cloud body color: white, gray, orange, orange
*** Features: strong wind is not easy to change its shape, the sky and clouds have obvious boundaries, and there are many waves.
Occurrence time: morning and evening
[ Edit this paragraph] Seismic cloud shape
1. Single seismic cloud: It is a horizontal stripe cloud, which usually appears in a single strip with distinct bands. The existing view is that the shallow end is the epicenter. This kind of cloud is very similar to the trace left by an airplane, so some people call it aircraft cloud. It usually indicates that there will be an earthquake in two weeks.
2. Multiple earthquake clouds: parallel or radial clouds. For parallel clouds, most of the current observations are local earthquakes; However, the existing view is that the epicenter of radial cloud is the center of its arc. These two kinds of clouds generally indicate earthquakes 2-6 days later.
3. Cyclone cloud: a cloud that is vertical to a tornado, or like a vertical upward smoke column when there is no wind. At present, there is no statement about its epicenter judgment, which indicates an earthquake three days later;
4. Fish-scale earthquake cloud: a loose fish-scale cloud formed by a large cloud in a few hours, which mostly appears with "multiple earthquake clouds" at the same time, and the depth of the cloud is distinct. The existing view is that the shallow end is the epicenter, which indicates an earthquake 2-6 days later.
5. Mass earthquake cloud: It is a solid mass or mass cloud that appears in the epicenter during the earthquake. There are few existing observation records and it is considered far-fetched to define it as an earthquake cloud.
[ Edit this paragraph] Simple analysis of the detailed shape of the earthquake cloud
The longer the length of the earthquake cloud, the closer it is to the occurrence of the earthquake
The deeper the color of the earthquake cloud looks, the deeper the corresponding earthquake
The longer the duration of the earthquake cloud, the closer the corresponding epicenter
[ Edit this paragraph] Historical records
1. As early as 11.
2. In 1935, the Records of Rebuilding Longde County in Longde County, Ningxia, China recorded that "it was sunny and warm, the blue sky was clean, and suddenly dark clouds were like wisps, and Wan Ru snake lay across the sky for a long time, which was bound to be an earthquake".
[ Edit this paragraph] Relatively new observation records
On December 26th, 28, at 7: 25 a.m., there were a large number of suspected/fish-scale earthquake clouds in Suzhou
On July 27th, 1976, there was an extremely long earthquake cloud in Japan. On July 28th, 28, Tangshan earthquake with M = 7.8 (not tested)
On May 9th, 28, seismic clouds were widely radiated in Hefei. Wenchuan M8. earthquake on May 12th (actually measured)
On May 9th, 28, Tianshui extraordinary earthquake cloud; Wenchuan M8. earthquake on May 12, 28 (not tested)
On May 9, 28, an unknown earthquake cloud occurred in Linyi, Shandong Province; Wenchuan M8. earthquake on May 12, 28 (confirmed)
On May 31, 28, a large-scale fish scale earthquake cloud occurred in Hefei; June 1, 28, bashi channel earthquake with magnitude 6.3 (actually measured)
On June 12, 28, Qiqihar radiated seismic clouds; On June 14th, 28, an earthquake of magnitude 7.2 occurred in northeastern Japan (not tested)
On June 29th, 28, a single white earthquake cloud was observed in Miyagi, Japan. On July 16th, 28, the earthquake off the coast of Kyoto, Japan, with a magnitude of 6.6 (not tested)
On August 1st, 28, there was a striped seismic cloud in Singapore, and an earthquake with a magnitude of 5.3 occurred in Indonesia on August 8th (not tested)
On August 4th, 28, a single striped seismic cloud appeared in Juneau, USA, and earthquakes with a magnitude of 5.2 and 5.8 occurred continuously in the Aleutian Islands on August 7th. (untested)
on August 9, 28, a fish-scale earthquake cloud appeared in Panama; on August 11, 28, an earthquake of magnitude 5.1 occurred in Sucre, Venezuela (untested)
On August 1, 28, an earthquake cloud of unknown shape was observed many times in Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province, and an earthquake of magnitude 4.2 occurred on the border of Xinjiang (untested)
On August 28. The focal depth is 1 kilometers. An earthquake cloud appeared in Yibin one and a half hours before the earthquake with a magnitude of 6.1. Yibin City borders Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture. (Confirmed)
On October 3, 28, there were three earthquakes with magnitude less than 4 in succession in Guyuan, Ningxia, which belonged to the same source. On the afternoon of October 4, a striped seismic cloud appeared over Guyuan City, and an earthquake with magnitude 6.6 occurred in Dangxiong, Tibet on October 6.
On December 24th, 28, a single seismic cloud with small radiation bands appeared in the morning in Kunming. At 2: on December 26, 28, an earthquake of M4.3 occurred at the junction of Yiliang County, Guandu District and Chenggong County in Kunming, Yunnan Province. (not tested)
On December 25th, 28, large-scale scaly seismic clouds appeared over mangshi and Ruili in Dehong Prefecture, which were not obviously radial. At 4: 2 on December 26th, an earthquake of M4.9 occurred in Mengxiu Township, Ruili City. (Measured)
At 14: 48 on March 2th, 29, an earthquake of magnitude 4.3 occurred at the junction of Yitong Manchu Autonomous County and Gongzhuling City, Siping City, Jilin Province
[ Edit this paragraph] Research history of seismic clouds
The research on seismic clouds in the world is still in recent years, among which China and Japan are in the leading position. The research on seismic clouds in China began after the Tangshan earthquake in 1976. There are hundreds of successful examples of using earthquake clouds to predict earthquakes in Japan. Interestingly, the name "earthquake cloud" was first put forward by a politician, not a seismologist. He was the former mayor of Fukuoka, Japan. He had personally experienced the earthquake of magnitude 7 in Fukuoka, Japan in 1956, and saw a very strange cloud in the sky during the earthquake. As long as such a cloud appeared in the future, there would always be earthquakes accordingly, so he called such a cloud ".
on June 27th, 1948, an abnormal banded cloud suddenly appeared in the sky in Naraichi, Japan, which seemed to split the sky in half. This strange cloud was seen by the mayor of Naraichi at that time. On the third day, a magnitude 7.3 earthquake really happened in Fukui, Japan. The mayor called this strange cloud "banded", "rope-like" or "like a long snake" "earthquake cloud", and thought that an earthquake would occur within a few days after the "earthquake cloud" suddenly appeared in the sky. The mayor's assertion was supported by meteorologists from the Department of Engineering of Kyushu University in Japan. At about 5 pm on January 12th, 1978, the mayor suddenly saw a slender red cloud fluttering in the sky from southwest to northeast outside the window when he spoke in the auditorium on the fifth floor of Naraichi Chamber of Commerce and Industry. He immediately stopped his speech and announced to about 3 people attending the meeting that it was an "earthquake cloud"! The floating force of the cloud is very strong, and it is about to break through other clouds. The "earthquake cloud" is sometimes white and sometimes black. This time it is red because it happened at dusk. He estimated that a considerable earthquake will occur in two or three days. As a result, on the third day (noon on January 14th), an earthquake of magnitude 7 occurred off Oshima, Izu Islands, south of Tokyo, Japan.
[ Edit this paragraph] Difference of seismic clouds
It is difficult to distinguish various seismic clouds because they are very similar to many common clouds in meteorology in morphology. Some famous meteorologists in China used classical meteorology to explain the known seismic clouds when they were inconclusive: a single seismic cloud was jet traces, multiple parallel seismic clouds, fish scale seismic clouds were altocumulus translucidus, flocculent cumulus clouds, cirrus clouds were cirrocumulus, and mass seismic clouds were cumulus clouds. Since not all these forms of clouds can be explained by meteorology, how should they be distinguished? The following are some incomplete conclusions based on statistics and probability:
1. When earthquake clouds appear, they are mostly continuous morphological changes for many days, rather than a fixed appearance of earthquake clouds.
2. A few days after the earthquake cloud appeared, the sky often showed a completely Wan Li cloudless mirror image.
3. The shapes of seismic clouds are often inconsistent with the local normal water vapor circulation, such as "the air pressure is high when the tornado cloud appears, and the air is moderately low", "it rains after the fish scale earthquake cloud and parallel earthquake cloud appear" and so on.
4. Seismic clouds are mostly around 6m, not at various elevations.
5. If the earthquake is accompanied by strong aftershocks, there will be multiple forms of earthquake clouds at the same time.
[ Edit this paragraph] folk observation report
At 2 pm on 3th, 28, a group of 16 people from Yibin Li Tofu Winter Swimming Team went into the water from Chunchangba in Yibin and swam to Lizhuang, a famous historical town. The team swam to the vicinity of Yanpingba, probably at around 15: Beijing time on 3th August, 28, and the old man who swam behind the team learned about earthquake clouds through watching the sky and online. I told Li Bin from Cuiping District Audit Bureau and Tang Guoqiang from Yibin Industrial and Commercial Bank that an earthquake cloud was found in the sky. Li Bin from the Audit Bureau immediately expressed strong doubts. When Lao Mo came home, he learned that at 16: 3 Beijing time on August 3, 28, an earthquake of magnitude 6.1 occurred at the junction of Renhe District, Panzhihua City, Sichuan Province and Huili County, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture (26.2 degrees north latitude and 11.9 degrees east longitude), and the epicenter was located about 5 kilometers southeast of Panzhihua City. The focal depth is 1 kilometers.