Video encyclopedia explaining ancient cultural relics.

193 1 After the September 18th Incident, China entered the fourteen-year war of resistance. After the fall of Northeast China, Beiping became the most important city in China to resist the Japanese southward. During the period of national disaster when the Japanese threat deepened step by step, the relocation of cultural relics in the Palace Museum began gradually. 1. The Palace Museum under the Anti-Japanese War1931September 18. After the wicker lake incident, the Japanese army quickly launched the September 18th Incident. A few months later, the whole northeast fell, and all the Northeast Army retreated to North China. At this point, North China became the front line of anti-Japanese, and Beiping became the most important city in North China to resist the Japanese army. After the September 18th Incident, on February 3rd, 193 165438, Yi Peiji, then president of the Palace Museum, asked the Nanjing Executive Yuan to set up a temporary security office in the Palace Museum to strengthen the security of the Palace Museum and prevent cultural relics from being destroyed. In June 5438+05, the Executive Yuan approved Yi Peiji's request, and the Palace Museum began a long history of protecting cultural relics under the threat of the Japanese army. 1932, Yi Peiji, the then president who organized the cultural relics of the Forbidden City to move south, launched the "128 Incident" in Shanghai to attack Shanghai, the largest city in China. During the war, the Commercial Press, Oriental Library and universities in Shanghai were bombarded by the Japanese army. China was once attacked by Japanese north and south, and the situation was very critical. A large number of ancient books and cultural relics collected in the Palace Museum even have a commercial press. In this case, in February, Yi Peiji began to ask the staff to remove the cultural relics displayed in the palaces of the Forbidden City, and began to number, sort out and box the ancient cultural relics. The Shanghai Commercial Press, which was bombed by the Japanese in the war, targeted North China after capturing the Northeast, and often harassed North China. 1In August, 932, the Japanese army attacked the Jehol, and the Ping Jin area faced a very serious public security situation. At this time, the Palace Museum has begun to consider the relocation of cultural relics in the Palace Museum. Yi Peiji wrote to the Executive Yuan, demanding that some cultural relics of the Forbidden City be moved to Dongjiaominxiang and Shanghai Concession for protection, and also asking the Palace Museum to set up a branch in Nanjing to move cultural relics to Nanjing for protection. Second, the relocation of the Forbidden City The Palace Museum has a large number of ancient books and cultural relics in China, among which the Siku Quanshu is priceless and can be called the "national treasure" of China. The protection of it is related to whether the Millennium context of Chinese civilization can be preserved and whether it will migrate, which has also aroused discussions from all walks of life. Someone wrote to the Palace Museum that the Japanese army had captured the Northeast and Jehol, and Ping Jin must be the next target of the Japanese army. If Ping Jin falls, North China will inevitably fall, so the cultural relics of the Forbidden City must be moved south, and only by moving south can we protect the "national quintessence left over by thousands of years". However, some people think that the war is just around the corner, we should gather the strength of the whole country to resist Japan and auction the cultural relics of the Forbidden City to buy arms and armed forces, but this view has met with strong opposition from all walks of life. Cultural relics of the Forbidden City moved south to Beiping. Many local people expressed their opposition to these cultural relics. They believe that the Palace Museum is an important cultural relic of Beiping, and the cultural relics in the museum are the foundation of Beiping as an ancient cultural capital. They resolutely opposed the cultural relics moving out of Beiping, established the Beiping People's Antiquities Protection Association, and resolutely moved the cultural relics to the south. On March 1933, the Battle of Jehol ended, Jehol Province fell into Japanese hands, and the Great Wall Anti-Japanese War began, and Ping Jin region faced the most serious threat. As early as June+10 in 5438, the Palace Museum held a meeting and decided to select important cultural relics from the museum and go south first. According to the instructions of the Executive Yuan, these key cultural relics will be delivered to Shanghai. On February 6th, the first batch of ***2 1 18 boxes of cultural relics in the Palace Museum were transported out of the railway station and soon arrived in Pukou, Nanjing. Just as the cultural relics were about to move south, when they arrived in Pukou, there was a contradiction between the Executive Yuan and the CPPCC. The former insists on transporting cultural relics to Shanghai for protection, while the latter advocates moving cultural relics to Luoyang and Kaifeng for protection. The dispute over the location of cultural relics makes it impossible for cultural relics to stay in pukou railway station for the time being and wait for the next arrangement. It was not until March that Song Ziwen returned to Nanjing for a meeting that he finally decided to transport the cultural relics to Shanghai. From then until May, the Palace Museum moved 13427 boxes of cultural relics to Shanghai for safekeeping in five batches. Insist on moving the cultural relics of the Forbidden City to Song Ziwen, Shanghai. Because of the humid climate, these cultural relics are easily damaged. At this time, the Palace Museum also plans to set up a Nanjing branch in Nanjing to keep cultural relics. 1936 On September 26th, the Nanjing branch of the Palace Museum in Beiping was completed, and Cai Yuanpei and others attended the inauguration ceremony. The branch library is built by advanced technical means, which can preserve cultural relics in an environment with suitable temperature and climate. It was one of the modern buildings in Nanjing, the capital at that time, and played an extremely important role in protecting cultural relics. From 1936 to 65438+February, many cultural relics stored in Shanghai began to move to Nanjing. 1937 On New Year's Day, Nanjing Branch was officially completed and cultural relics were relocated. The Nanjing branch of the Palace Museum (Central Museum) moved cultural relics after the July 7th Incident (1937), which broke out and Ping Jin fell, and a large number of ancient cultural relics left in Peiping were destroyed. /kloc-in August of 0/3, the Battle of Songhu broke out, and Shanghai and the capital Nanjing also faced great threats. At this time, the cultural relics left in Nanjing are no longer safe, and the relocation of cultural relics has once again become a problem for people to think about. Photos of the July 7th Incident Under the threat of war, the central government ordered the cultural relics stored in Nanjing to be boxed and sailed westward along the Yangtze River. /kloc-in August/4, the first batch of cultural relics left Nanjing for Changsha under the escort of Ma Heng, director of the Palace Museum, and arrived in Changsha safely in June 12, and were stored in the basement of Hunan University Library. 165438+ 10, the second batch of cultural relics moved out of Nanjing and began to move westward. This time, the cultural relics were moved by train and finally stopped in Baoji in the north. After being counted, they went south to Sichuan and finally arrived at Emei Mountain. After that, the third batch of cultural relics finally arrived in Leshan, Sichuan. Schematic diagram of the cultural relics of the Forbidden City moving from south to west. At this point, the cultural relics of the Forbidden City moved south five times and west three times, and finally moved safely to the rear area before the arrival of the Japanese invaders, preserving the context of Chinese civilization. Although people from all walks of life who participated in this relocation did not kill the enemy and serve the country on the battlefield, their actions can be displayed in front of the world, and their heroic deeds can also be passed down to the afterlife. Wen Shijun said: Mr. Feng Youlan said on the monument of National Southwest Associated University: "Looking back, if our nation can't stand on the Central Plains and be partial to the rivers, it will be called Du Nan." No one who has crossed the south can return to the north. Jin people crossed the south, the first example; Song people crossed the south, and the second case was also; Ming people crossed the south, and the third case was also. The scenery is different, and Jin people are deeply sad; Give me back my rivers and mountains, the empty wish of the Song people. In the fourth southern tour, the merits of rehabilitation can be gathered in less than ten years. Geng Xin doesn't mourn the south of the Yangtze River, and Du Fu likes to pick thistles in the north, which can be commemorated by four people. The establishment of National Southwest Associated University has reserved a lot of kindling for China's higher education, and the westward migration of cultural relics has also preserved the kindling of China civilization for the benefit of future generations. References: 1, Tang Zhengmang: Cultural relics of the Forbidden City moved from south to west during the Anti-Japanese War, No.4 Hunan Literature and History, 2004. 2. Xiangning: A brief introduction to the cultural relics of the Forbidden City, Guiyang Literature and History, No.5, 2007. (Author: Liu Yue, a writer of Haoran literature and history) This article is an original work of Haoran literature and history from the media, and it is forbidden to reprint it without authorization! The pictures used in this article are all from the Internet unless otherwise specified. If there is any infringement, please contact the author to delete it. Thank you! We will present wonderful historical articles for you every day, and urge readers and friends to pay attention to our account! Your likes, forwards and comments are the best support for us!