How to understand the openness of China's ancient political system?

To put it simply, during the Xia and Shang Dynasties, China was still in the mixed stage of clan and slavery society, and its political structure was basically the elected leader and aristocratic democracy. Although there was a saying that "family is the world", we should not ignore the role of nobles in clan and tribal society. Moreover, "family is the world" only means that the heir of the tribal leader is the former leader. On the other hand, we can also see from many ancient books that the leader was expelled by other members of the tribe, especially in the Zhou Dynasty. Because of the long history, we can only guess some basic information of Xia and Shang Dynasties. However, we can make reasonable reasoning through historical books. The Spring and Autumn Period of the Western Zhou Dynasty was a mixture of slave clan society and feudal society. Zhou Wuwang annexed the world. In essence, Zhou tribe, as the leader of the tribal alliance, placed other tribes in various places to build cities in order to maintain its position as leader. Therefore, the countries, states and kingdoms in the history of China are basically tribes, city-states and feudal countries (feudalism here is different from feudalism in textbooks, please refer to relevant literature. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the political structure of the Western Zhou Dynasty was monarch, aristocrat, fellow countryman and slave from top to bottom. The nobles here are relatives of tribal leaders in distant countries or descendants of other leaders in tribal alliances. China people are people living in cities, descendants of ordinary tribal residents and the backbone of the country, enjoying freedom at the expense of national service; A savage can be understood as a wanderer attached to a tribe. In ancient times, it was difficult for people to live alone. Needless to say, slaves are prisoners of other tribes. Social structure determines political structure. From a historical perspective, China people are very powerful. Because the monarch must get the support of the nobility, and the people of China are attached to the nobility. Therefore, we see the record of "Chinese riots", and even "Chinese" can depose the monarch. During the Spring and Autumn Period, China people's attachment to the nobility deepened and the nobility expanded further. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, it happened that the nobles ousted the monarch and took charge of it (Tian Daiqi, three clans were divided into Jin). Why is this happening? This is because the Spring and Autumn Period was aristocratic democracy. Kings, nobles and China people all have their own obligations and rights. As the leader of the distributor country, the monarch has the right and obligation to lead his subordinates to open up territory, safeguard aristocratic rights, compete with other countries for survival resources and distribute spoils; Nobles have the right and obligation to pay taxes, provide weapons and soldiers in wartime, obtain living resources for the people under their leadership, and safeguard the rule of the monarch; China people are mainly responsible for serving and enjoying freedom, and get survival resources from monarchs and nobles. With the development of this society and the increase of human activities, we can see that the power of the nobility is getting stronger and stronger, while the people of China have less and less obligations to the monarch. Because according to Zhou's "feudal" system, China people are only responsible for their own lords, not the monarch. Of course, the monarch also has his own people. It is this political structure that leads to some openness of the political system. For example, China people can criticize the monarch and evaluate the lords at will. If the people of China are not allowed to speak, the monarch will be exiled by the people of China. People from different countries will not be suspected of collaborating with the enemy. For example, the Han surname of Jin State and the Han surname of Jin State (because the fief is considered to be Zhao's Han surname) can do business with each other through the family, but it will not prevent the two countries from fighting each other. As mentioned above, although the monarch's rights are endowed by God, they are not unlimited. Similarly, the nobility is also subject to checks and balances. This is the "feudal" Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period.