The difference between calligraphy and painting is literally understood. The former refers to the artistic form of writing, while the latter refers to painting. The specific difference between the two is that:
1, first of all, the difference between colors, calligraphy is mostly reflected in black, Jimo, and there are many kinds of painting colors, which are generally the same as the reference objects, and can also be colored according to the concepts and meanings expressed by the painter.
2. The tools for completing a work are different. The tools of calligraphy are mostly brush, and the tools of painting can be brush, brush, sponge or cloth.
3, the artistic content is different, the content of calligraphy must be healthy and upward, such as Tang poetry and Song poetry, couplet aphorisms and so on. The content of painting is varied, which can be a reference or an idea that the painter wants to express.
4. Different art forms, calligraphy has a long history of development, and now it has become a unique traditional art in China, and calligraphy is more rigorous. Painting accounts for most of the fine arts, and its types are varied, which can better reflect the ideas contained in it.
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History of China's Painting
China's painting techniques are very old, dating back to the Neolithic Age in primitive society, at least 7000 years ago. China's paintings were originally painted on pottery, ground and rock walls, and gradually developed into paintings on walls, silks and paper. The basic tools used are brushes and inks, and natural mineral pigments.
With the continuous exploration and innovative efforts of countless painters, it has gradually formed a distinctive national style and national style, and has its own independent painting aesthetic system. Accordingly, China's craft is also very old, which can also be called prehistoric painting.
The history of China's painting can be traced back to the painted pottery patterns and rock paintings of Neolithic Age in primitive society. Although the original painting technique is naive, it has mastered the preliminary modeling ability, and can also master the main characteristics of animals, plants and other dynamic and static forms, so as to express the beliefs and wishes of our ancestors and beautify our lives.
Pre-Qin paintings have been recorded in some ancient books, such as historical figures in palaces, halls and temples in the Zhou Dynasty, lacquerware and bronze decorations in the Warring States period, and silk paintings unearthed in the State of Chu, all of which have reached a high level.
Qin and Han Dynasties were a centralized power in the early history of China, with a vast territory and strong national strength. The Silk Road has communicated the artistic exchanges between China and foreign countries, and the painting art has developed and prospered unprecedentedly. Especially in the Han Dynasty, heavy burial prevailed, and its tomb murals, portrait bricks, portrait stones and silk paintings with burial vividly shaped realistic, historical and mythical characters, which were dynamic and plot-like, and made great achievements in reflecting real life.
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, wars were frequent and people's livelihood was poor, but painting still made great progress. Suffering provided the soil for Buddhism to spread, and Buddhist art rose with great enthusiasm. For example, Qizil Grottoes in Xinjiang, Maijishan Grottoes in Gansu and Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang have preserved a large number of murals of this period, and their artistic attainments are extremely high. Due to the love and participation of the upper class in painting, besides craftsmen, a number of well-known upper class painters emerged, such as Gu Kaizhi.
Metaphysics prevailed in this period, literati advocated elegance and freedom, painting history, painting theory and other works began to appear, and landscape painting and flower-and-bird painting began to sprout. Paintings in this period paid attention to the depiction of mental state and the expression of temperament, and paintings with literature as the theme became increasingly popular.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, national unity, relatively stable society, relatively prosperous economy and active foreign exchanges injected new opportunities into the art of painting. In terms of figure painting, although Buddhist murals are still dominated by western painting style, Wu Daozi, Zhou and others' works with distinctive Central Plains painting style occupy an absolute advantage, and their national styles are becoming more and more mature. The landscape paintings and flower-and-bird paintings of Zhan Ziqian, Li Sixun, Wang Wei and Zhang Yong are neat and rich.
In China, the authenticity of painting reached its peak in the Song Dynasty in the12nd century, especially Guo's "Early Spring Picture" was the peak of realism, and then he began to express his subjective interest. Since Wang Wei was praised for painting in poetry and poetry in painting, the long tradition of literati painting has continued to this day. Since the Northern Song Dynasty, China's paintings have gradually paid attention to the formalism of pen and ink interest. For example, Wen Zhiming's painting is not to depict the scenery, but to accumulate various brushstrokes through the scenery.
By the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty in the15th century, painters had begun to express themselves without paying attention to the description of the objective world. Instead, Badashan people and Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics have a strong self-style and no longer care about the authenticity of nature.
After the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, China's painting art became more mature and complete, and its heyday appeared. The imperial court set up a painting academy, expanded its organization, recruited talents and awarded titles. Palace painting is in full swing, and scholars also regard painting as an elegant thing and put forward distinct aesthetic standards. Therefore, painters come forth in large numbers, and there are many excellent works. Moreover, it has formed an independent system in theory and creation, and its content, form and techniques are rich and wonderful.
With the development of painting in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, literati painting has made outstanding progress. Literati painting emphasizes the expression of subjective feelings, "not seeking similarity and worldly feelings", does not cater to the aesthetic requirements of the public, shows elegance by painting, shows interest by leisure, emphasizes the unity of personality and painting, and pays attention to the organic integration of pen and ink interest with poetry, calligraphy and printing, forming a unique painting style, and many outstanding painters, painting schools and countless excellent works have emerged.
China's painting is an important part of China culture, rooted in the soil of national culture. It is not only limited to appearance, but also emphasizes spirit likeness. It uses brush, ink and rice paper as special materials, constructs a unique perspective theory, boldly breaks the time and space restrictions, and has a high degree of generalization and imagination. This superb skill and means not only makes China traditional painting unique in artistic courage, but also is increasingly absorbed by modern art in the world.
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