1. unify the written language and make it the foundation of a nation, and continue to this day;
4. Abandoning the enfeoffment system and establishing counties and counties became the standard mode of management after the reunification of China, which lasted for thousands of years;
13. unifying currency and weights and measures will greatly promote domestic business exchanges.
4. The cars are on the same track and the roads are at the same distance. The construction of Qin Zhi Road greatly facilitates domestic traffic;
5. Burn the history books of the six countries, unify thoughts objectively, and avoid splitting the country due to historical problems; However, copies of ancient books destroyed in various countries were preserved, and the subsequent destruction was because Xiang Yu set fire to Qin Dou;
6. The construction of Lingqu strengthens the control over the Pearl River Basin, making this area the territory of China forever;
7. Building the Great Wall, an important line of defense against the invasion of the northern Hu people, has long been a national border;
⒏ Expedite to South Vietnam and incorporate Fujian, Zhejiang and Guangdong into Chinese territory.
(9) Strike the Xiongnu in the north and recapture the Hetao area, making this area the territory of China forever. So far, the basic pattern of China's unified multi-ethnic centralized state has been established.
He was the founder of the emperor's honorific title, and also the founder of the emperor system in China, which made China enter the era of centralized monarchy of Han nationality. He also made China achieve political unification for the first time, forming a situation of "cars on the same track, books in the same language", which laid the foundation for the later dynasties to seek reunification. But since ancient times, Qin Shihuang has always been a controversial figure.
Positive evaluation
Qin Shihuang, known as the first emperor in the history of China, was the first emperor to unify the Central Plains and the most successful emperor in the history of China. As we all know, China was reunified by destroying six countries. But what else did he do? Here is a brief summary: First, centralization of authority has been established; Before that, there were many enfeoffment countries in China, each country had its own monarch or king, and the central Shang or Zhou had limited control over the vassal countries; Wars often occurred between vassal States, which greatly affected economic development; Qin Shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system and established a multi-level management grass-roots structure such as county, county, township, pavilion and Li directly managed by the central government; This management structure has lasted for more than two thousand years and is still continuing.
Second, unify writing and currency. In the past, countries used different languages, and the documents exchanged with each other were often not understood by each other, which was very inconvenient for national culture and communication. Qin Shihuang's forced unification into writing, as the only normative culture in China, has been in use for more than two thousand years and is still in use today. Different currencies are used in different regions, such as round, knife, shovel, shell, tortoise shell or jade piece. Qin Shihuang unified the currency into outer copper coins, which remained in use until the Qing Dynasty more than 2,000 years later.
Third, unified measurement. What are weights and measures? Before Qin Shihuang, there were various units of measurement everywhere. For example, if you want to buy a foot of cloth, you don't even know what a foot means in other places, or a catty of rice is not called a catty here, but another unit; Qin Shihuang stipulated a unified unit of length, called minutes, inches, feet and feet. These names are still in use; The unit of measuring tool volume is called closing, lifting and bucket; The unit of weight (balance) is called baht, two pounds and stone, and these units are still in use today. Thai baht is because the weight of copper coins is measured in Thai baht. For example, half a pair of copper coins is called 5 baht, and later "1 baht" is called "1 coin". Or 10 yuan = 1 two.
Four, the construction of chidao, dredging rivers and channels. That is, the highway connecting counties in the country (equivalent to the current national highway and provincial highway). It has greatly strengthened the links between various places.
5. Build the Great Wall. Originally, there were some Great Walls between countries, but the Great Wall in the north was incomplete. After reunification, he ordered the original Great Wall between countries to be demolished, and then the Great Wall in the northern part of Qin, Zhao and Yan countries was connected to prevent the Huns from invading the south. Left us with the world-famous Great Wall of Wan Li.
Sixth, open up the frontier. When the Central Plains countries were fighting with each other and had no time to look north, the Huns took the opportunity to invade the south and attack the northern border areas of Qin, Zhao and Yan. After Qin Shihuang annexed the six countries, he sent hundreds of thousands of troops to the northern expedition, defeated the Xiongnu and stabilized the northern frontier; Baiyue, who marched south to Lingnan, incorporated Guangdong and Guangxi into Chinese territory.
The above are some brief summaries of Qin Shihuang's work; These things never happened before him, originated from him and took more than two thousand years; After him, all emperors made achievements in governing the country under his institutional framework. The great achievements they created largely benefited from the foundation laid for them by Qin Shihuang. How much work does it take to complete so many institutional and cultural changes and countless construction projects without the previous ones? Moreover, it was only 1 1 year from Qin Shihuang's annexation to his death. In this short period of 1 1 year, Qin Shihuang completed such a huge work at an unimaginable speed, which laid the foundation for China's imperial society for thousands of years. Qin Shihuang was not only a king with great talent and great strategy, but also an efficient leader.
It can be said that in the history of China, no other emperor or saint can do it except Qin Shihuang. Look at other wise emperors in history, such as Emperor Gaozu, Liang Wudi, Emperor Taizong, Song Taizu, Zhu Yuanzhang, Judy and so on. Who can compare their "great achievements" with Qin Shihuang? What substantial things have they left for our Chinese nation, and what "software" have they left that can be used for thousands of years? In this respect, Qin Shihuang is undoubtedly the greatest king who made the greatest contribution to the Chinese nation in the history of China.
Negative evaluation
Because Qin Shihuang promoted the Legalist theory of "ruling the country according to law", and later the rulers of China promoted the Confucian theory with benevolence and the golden mean as the core. Therefore, Qin Shihuang often appears as a negative example in various essays and historical records. Such as Jia Yi's On Qin and so on.
Qin Shihuang was disguised as a tyrant by many writers, and he could do anything for power.
The Great Wall of Wan Li, Qin Chi Road, Lingqu, Epang Palace and the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor are all huge in scale, and the population of the whole country is under construction. Many documents denounced that many people were killed or injured in the construction process, but on the other hand, it further developed the transportation in various places and made contributions to the future transportation, economy and trade and the integration of various ethnic groups.