He has written monographs such as Literature Outline, A Brief History of Russian Literature, Essays on China Literature, History of China Popular Literature, History of Ancient City Tomb Excavation in the Past Hundred Years, Capital Construction and Protection of Ancient Cultural Relics, Collection of China Ancient Paintings Collected Abroad, Historical Reference Atlas of China, Illustrated History of China Literature. Collection of short stories: Family Story, Arrest of Firelighters, Guigongtang, collection of essays: Rickets, Diary of a Journey to Europe, Miscellaneous Notes in the Mountain, Collection of Short Sword, Collection of Stunned Learning, Haiyan, Ethnic Dialect, and Notes on Seclusion, translated into Sha. Among them, "Cat" was selected as the junior high school textbook of People's Education Press. Psalm: We Are Teenagers.
Zheng Zhenduo was born in Changle, Fujian, and was born in Yongjia, Zhejiang (now Wenzhou) on December 19th, 1898. In the summer of 1917, with the help of relatives and friends, he went to Beijing to study in the Railway Management School. After school, he read many works of western sociology and Russian critical realism literature, and was enlightened in thought and literature. Soon met Qu Qiubai, Geng Jizhi, Xu Dishan and others; When the May 4th Movement broke out, they became student representatives of their schools and actively participated in the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal movements. In November, 1919, they founded the journal New Society together, advocating social transformation. In December 1919, New China published his translation of Lenin's Russian Political Party. In the summer of 192, he and Geng Jizhi translated the lyrics of The Internationale. In November 192, Zheng Zhenduo, Shen Yanbing, Ye Shaojun and others initiated the establishment of the Literature Research Association. In the spring of 1921, he went to work in Shanghai after graduation. Soon after, he served as the editor of Xuedeng (the supplement of Shanghai News) and was introduced by Shen Yanbing to work in the Compilation Institute of the Commercial Press. On May 1th of the same year, Literary Xunkan, the organ newspaper of the Literature Research Association edited by him, was founded, which was an influential publication in the early New Literature Movement. At the same time, he began to edit and publish the Literature Research Association Series, and also participated in the publication of Drama and Poetry. In January 1922, he edited Children's World Weekly, the first children's literature publication in China, and wrote many works, which played a pioneering role in the cause of modern children's literature in China. In January 1923, he succeeded Shen Yanbing as editor-in-chief of Novel Monthly. During this period, he published a large number of literary comments in Literary Xunkan, Fiction Monthly and other publications, fought resolutely against the old feudal literature, and criticized the view of some people in the new literary camp that "art is for art's sake", and became an important theoretical critic of the literary research society which was as famous as Shen Yanbing at that time.
After the May 3th tragedy in 1925, Zheng Zhenduo, Ye Shaojun and Hu Yuzhi founded the Axiom Daily to expose and attack imperialist atrocities. In the same year, he participated in the launching of the "China Relief Society" and signed the Declaration on the Protection of Human Rights with Guo Moruo, Shen Yanbing and Hu Yuzhi. During this period, his main academic works include A Brief History of Russian Literature, A Biography of Tai (Tai) Gore, Literature Outline and so on. A Brief History of Russian Literature (1924) is China's first monograph in this field, which has played a positive role in introducing Russian literature (including Soviet literature). In the book, a special chapter introduced and commented on the literary theories of belinsky, Chernyshevski and dobrolyubov, and spoke highly of Gorky's creation and his literary thoughts, which was especially rare at that time. The Biography of Tagore (1925) is China's first monograph introducing and commenting on the famous Indian poet Tagore. The 8,-word Literature Outline (1927) combines the history of Chinese and foreign literature and its masterpieces in one book, which broadens the horizons of literary workers and has a great influence on introducing the history of world literature and strengthening the exchange and comparative study of Chinese and foreign literature.
In February 1927, Zheng Zhenduo, Ye Shaojun, Hu Yuzhi and others initiated the establishment of the "Shanghai Writers' Association", which actively participated in the revolutionary activities before and after the third armed uprising of Shanghai workers. After the "April 12th" coup, he, Hu Yuzhi and others wrote to the Kuomintang authorities, strongly protesting the massacre of revolutionary masses, and were arrested for this risk. In May, he took a boat to take refuge and study in Europe. In the libraries of France, Britain and other countries, I have read books about China's ancient novels, operas and essays, studied Greek and Roman literature, translated monographs such as Introduction to Folklore (later destroyed by Japanese artillery fire), Brief Introduction to Folklore (1934), History of Excavation of Ancient Towns in the Past Hundred Years (193), and created a collection of short stories, Family Stories. In October 1928, he returned to Shanghai.
after returning to China, Zheng Zhenduo participated in the launching of "China Authors Association" and served as executive member. In the autumn of 1931, he went to Beiping as a professor of Chinese Department in yenching university and Tsinghua University. In 1932, his "Illustrated History of China Literature" was published. This book is illustrated with pictures and texts, rich in historical materials and broad in vision, which fully affirmed the position of folk literature in the history of literature. In 1934, China's Literary Essays, Rickets and other essays were published, as well as a collection of novels praising the realistic revolutionary struggle with the theme of Greek mythology, Arrest of the Lightman. During this period, he also participated in the editing of famous large-scale literary publications, such as Literature and Literary Quarterly.
In the spring of 1935, Zheng Zhenduo went to Shanghai as the dean of the College of Arts and the head of the Chinese Department of Jinan University. Since then, he has edited a large-scale literary series "World Library", organized many famous writers, translators and scholars, systematically introduced Chinese and foreign classical literature masterpieces, and made a grand plan. Although the original plan could not be fully realized due to the limited conditions at that time, it was still an important achievement of cultural publishing in the 193s. Before and after this, he participated in the compilation of China New Literature Series, cooperated with Lu Xun in compiling Peiping Annotation Spectrum and Shizhuzhai Annotation Spectrum, and assisted Lu Xun in compiling and publishing Qu Qiubai's posthumous work "The Forest above the Sea". At the end of 1935, he participated in the "Shanghai Cultural Salvation Association". In June 1936, the "China Writers and Artists Association" was established, and Zheng Zhenduo was elected as the director. During this period, he also wrote literary essays "Short Sword Collection" (1936) and historical novels "Gui Gong Tang" (1937).
after the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Zheng Zhenduo participated in launching the "Shanghai Cultural Salvation Association" and the jiuwang daily. Before and after the fall of Shanghai, he rescued a large number of precious ancient documents for the country, and edited and photocopied China Printmaking History Catalogue, Xuanlantang Series, and Ming Dynasty Historical Materials Series. In 1938, his History of China Popular Literature was published, which represented the highest level of domestic research in this field at that time. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he was the head of the Shanghai Branch of the All-China Anti-Enemy Association of Literary and Art Circles, and participated in the organization of the China Association for Promoting Democracy. He is the editor-in-chief of Democracy Weekly. Together with Li Jianwu, he edited the Renaissance monthly magazine, calling on writers to write for the people and democracy, and also compiled the Historical Reference Atlas of China and the Collection of Ancient Paintings of China Collected Abroad.
in February, 1949, Zheng Zhenduo entered the liberated area by bypassing hongkong. In July, he attended the First Congress of All-China Writers and Artists, and was elected as the standing committee member of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles and China Writers Association (later renamed Writers Association). After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he successively served as director of the Cultural Relics Bureau, director of the Institute of Archaeology, director of the Institute of Literature, member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, vice minister of culture, vice chairman of the China Folk Literature and Art Research Association and director of the China Quyi Workers Association. He has edited the Great Artistic Tradition Catalogue (1952), A Brief History of China Ancient Prints (1985), etc., and edited the Ancient Opera Series and China Ancient Prints Series, etc. In 1957, he compiled and published three volumes of China Literature Studies, which basically included various fields and special topics he had involved in China literature studies before the founding of the People's Republic of China, reflecting his achievements in these areas. On October 18th, 1958, he was martyred in a plane crash while leading a cultural delegation from China to visit abroad.
Zheng Zhenduo has made many outstanding contributions to the cultural and academic undertakings in China. In terms of literary theory, he was one of the important advocates of "for life" literature in the early days of the literary revolution. In June 1921, he further put forward the slogan "Literature of Blood and Tears" (Literature of Blood and Tears), and asked progressive writers to create "Red Works with Blood and Tears" (Our Miscellanies). Since then, he has adhered to the revolutionary realistic literary theory all his life, emphasized the function of literature in social reform, and advocated literature serving the people. In terms of literary research, he advocated and engaged in the comprehensive comparative study of ancient and modern literature at home and abroad in the early 192s, and put forward and started to sort out and study the history of China literature with new viewpoints and methods, especially paying attention to the collection and research of folk literature, novels and operas, and did a lot of pioneering work.
[ Edit this paragraph] I went back to my hometown in my youth
Although Zheng Zhenduo grew up in Wenzhou, he later went to Beijing, and after graduating from the Railway Management School, he went to Shanghai and worked in the Commercial Press for a long time. However, he kept close contact with his relatives in his hometown and went back to his hometown. In his letter to Qiming (Zhou Zuoren) on October 15th, 1921, Mao Dun mentioned that "Zhenduo went back to his hometown to bury his ancestors" (see Mao Dun's Letters, published by Culture and Art Publishing House in 1988). According to the research of Dr. Chen Fukang, an expert on Zheng Zhenduo, it took more than a month to bury his ancestors in Changle via Fuzhou. The "returning to the hometown to bury the ancestors" here naturally returned to the hometown of Changle Shouzhan Village. In the early winter of 1995, Shouzhan Village in Changle collected relevant cultural relics in memory of Zheng Zhenduo, and collected a precious piece of information-Shouzhan Zheng's incomplete "obituary". On a piece of eight-piece paper, 36 people were named, including the words "Fu Fu's nephew, Zeng Sun Zhenduo". By analysis, this is Zeng Bozu or Zeng Shu of Zheng Zhenduo. According to the reminiscence of the clan of Zheng, in those days, there were many plaques and introductions reflecting the deeds of Zheng's ancestors in the ancestral hall of Zheng in Daiyang, and in the middle of it were the ancestral teachings of "being loyal to the world" written by a famous minister of Ming Jiajing and a minister of punishments, Zheng Shiwei (153~1584) ... All this made Zheng Zhenduo know more about the achievements and valuable qualities of his ancestors. Therefore, although he lived, studied and worked in a foreign land for a long time, he always cared and loved his hometown.
In p>1919, the news of the May 4th Movement spread to Fujian, which had a great influence. In Fuzhou, students from various schools gathered twice to support the patriotic movement of Beijing students and mourn Guo Qinguang, a Fujian student in Peking University who was beaten to death by reactionary military police. In Xiamen, young students held rallies and demonstrations, which later developed into a national assembly attended by people from all walks of life, angrily denouncing the crimes of the warlord government and Japanese imperialism. The May 4th fire broke out in Bamin. However, the Japanese imperialists sent warships to Xiamen and Fuzhou successively to carry out armed threats, and even shot at them in Fuzhou. When Zheng Zhenduo heard the news in Beijing, he took an active part in organizing the Fujian Students' Anti-Japanese Federation in Beijing and became one of its leaders. He participated in the compilation and publication of Minchao, ran around and shouted for support of the anti-imperialist patriotic movement in his hometown, and always connected with the people in his hometown. Bing Xin, a famous writer originally from Changle, Fujian, was studying in the preparatory course of Peking Union Medical College Women's University at that time. It was in this solidarity activity that she met Zheng Zhenduo. After a lapse of 6 years, Bing Xin is still deeply impressed by his passionate speech about patriotism and hometown.
Although Zheng Zhenduo has worked in Beijing and Shanghai for a long time, he always warmly receives visitors from his hometown and carefully understands the situation in his hometown. Historically, Changle was under the jurisdiction of Fuzhou government, so conceptually, the scope of hometown is naturally relatively large. In the summer of 1939, Chen Honghai, a high school student in Sanshan Middle School, a literary youth in Fuzhou, heard that the Faculty of Literature of Jinan University had a strong faculty under the auspices of Zheng Zhenduo, the dean, and he wanted to enter the college. Introduced by Yu Dafu (1886~1945), a famous writer who worked in Fuzhou at that time, he went to Shanghai to visit Zheng Zhenduo and was warmly received by him. After reading the letter of introduction, Zheng Zhenduo first learned about Yu Dafu's recent situation in Fuzhou, and then asked in detail: What did Chen Yi (1886~1949) do when he presided over the Fujian Provincial Government? What achievements did Zheng Zhenwen, director of the Provincial Education Department (1891~1969) make in governance education? Because at that time, when Zheng Zhenwen was carrying out the educational reform in this province and the provincial county schools stopped changing teachers and principals, he had read some reports in the newspaper. He thought that "Zheng Zhenwen shared Zheng Zhenwen's difficulties", and he asked with special concern: What is the performance of Japanese imperialists in Fuzhou, the construction of Fuzhou, the progress of cultural undertakings, the number of unemployed people in their hometown and the living conditions of the masses? ..... After Chen Honghai introduced the relevant situation, he said with emotion: "Probably in the seventeen or eighteen years of the Republic of China, Fujian people were the most optimistic!" Finally, Zheng Zhenduo said that he had seen Chen Honghai's works in a literary magazine published in Fujian, which was quite favorable. Of course, more than one literary youth from his hometown visited Zheng Zhenduo. Mr. Huang Junlin also talked about the cordial reception and care he received from this "Datong Township" during his study in yenching university and his teaching in Shanghai in the article "Remembering Xi Di Zheng Shi" (the first issue of Rong Hua in 1981). These examples show that although Zheng Zhenduo didn't go to Fuzhou at that time, he knew something about the situation in his hometown and was extremely concerned. Of course, there are many channels for him to know about his hometown.
Zheng Zhenduo doesn't forget the native land where his ancestors grew up, and it is also manifested in his nostalgia. He always publicly identifies himself as a native of Changle, Fujian Province, and sometimes writes and compiles books, and even specially signs "Changle" II.