The formation of Yishui School has its specific social and historical background. During the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, the war in the north of China lasted for years, and people suffered from hunger, labor and panic, with many internal injuries, which provided a clinical basis for the study of the pathogenesis of viscera. From Wei and Jin Dynasties to Song Dynasty, the development of medicine has been in the stage of experience accumulation, and the medical atmosphere focuses on the collection and application of experience, ignoring the research of medical theory. After a period of accumulated experience in clinical medicine, it is imperative to summarize and improve medical theories. Theoretical study on pathogenesis of viscera has become the objective need of medical development at that time. In this case, Zhang Yuansu sorted out and summarized the medical theories related to zang-fu syndrome differentiation in Neijing, Difficult Classic and Zhongzang Classic, absorbed the experience of zang-fu syndrome differentiation medication in Qianjinfang and Xiaoer Yaozheng Zhijue, and combined with his clinical experience, established a zang-fu syndrome differentiation system with cold and heat deficiency as the key link. It played a connecting role in the development of medicine and became the pioneer of Yishui School.
Zhang Yuansu was born in Yizhou, Jin Dynasty. He is the author of the Origin of Medicine, Prescription for Deficiency of Cold and Heat in Visceral Specimens, Pearl Capsule, etc. Zhang Yuansu is a doctor with innovative ideas. He was impressed by the custom of doctors holding ancient prescriptions to treat today's diseases at that time, and pointed out that "luck is uneven, ancient and modern are different, and ancient prescriptions are incompatible with today's diseases." Advocate proceeding from reality. Emphasis is placed on syndrome differentiation and medication according to cold and heat deficiency and excess of viscera. Under the influence of Zhang Yuansu's study on the pathogenesis of zang-fu organs, during the formation of Yishui School, some physicians gradually turned to special research on specific zang-fu organs, and each had his own ideas.
Li Gao, whose name is Ming Zhi, was an old man named Dongyuan at night. He was born in Zhending, Hebei Province in Jin Dynasty, and was one of the four famous doctors in Jin and Yuan Dynasties. I learned from Zhang Yuansu, and I learned from it. Inspired by his theory of differentiation of zang-fu organs, this paper discusses the mechanism of injuries in the spleen and stomach, closely combines with clinical practice, and realizes that the spleen and stomach are the foundation of vitality, and that if they are injured due to diet fatigue, the spleen and stomach are not the main cause of diseases, which is the cause of all diseases. It summarizes the theory of "internal injuries in the spleen and stomach, and all diseases are caused by diseases", formulates the great methods of invigorating qi and promoting yang, warming the stomach and removing heat, and creates famous prescriptions such as tonifying the middle and invigorating qi, promoting yang and benefiting the stomach. It is also called the representative of the school of mending soil and the backbone of the school of Yishui by later generations. Treatise on Spleen and Stomach, Differentiation and Confusion of Internal and External Injuries, and Secret Collection of Blue Rooms are highly praised by doctors in past dynasties, and their academic influence is extremely far-reaching. Li's disciples were Wang Haogu and Luo Tianyi.
Wang Haogu, nicknamed Haizang, was born in Zhao Zhou (now Zhao County, Hebei Province). He studied under Zhang Yuansu at first, and then under Li Gao. The biography of Zhang and Li's family; Attach importance to the deficiency of yang qi in viscera, and give play to the theory of yin syndrome. The book A Brief Example of Yin Syndrome is a monograph on the etiology, pathogenesis and syndrome differentiation treatment of Yin syndrome. In the etiology, he emphasized the decisive role of internal factors. The so-called "endogenous factors" means that people's original qi is deficient, and then "feeling cold and drinking cold" or "taking cold medicine by mistake" leads to yin syndrome. Dialectically, it emphasizes the combination of pulse and syndrome, and regards the blackness of the face and the weak pulse as the meridian of Jue Yin and liver. Those with red face and thin and slight pulse are injured in the meridian of Shaoyin kidney; Yellow or clean face and slow and late pulse are the meridians of Taiyin and Spleen. This is the "three yin cases of internal injury" advocated by him. In the treatment, it is clearly put forward that "three yin can supplement", and Zhongjing Tongmai Sini, Danggui Sini and Lizhong Decoction are used as the main prescriptions for internal injury of three yin.
Luo Tianyi was born in Zhengding (Dingzhou, Hebei) in Yuan Dynasty. Li Gao studied medicine for more than ten years, and got his true biography. He wrote Health Treasures and developed Li Gao's theory of internal injury of spleen and stomach. In theory, the physiological functions of the spleen and stomach were discussed in depth. He pointed out: "Neijing says: the liver is born in the left, the lung is hidden in the right, the heart is in the upper position, the kidney is in the lower position, the left and right are up and down, and the four organs are in the middle." Spleen, soil, should be the center, be in the middle of the four dirty States, treat the middle jiao, give birth to the camp, and pass the body fluid. If there is any imbalance, the camp will lose its education and the body fluid will lose its way. " This theory reveals the relationship between spleen and stomach, other four viscera and ying, Wei and body fluid, which is beneficial to correctly understand the pathogenesis of spleen and stomach internal injuries. Li Gao's theory on the causes of internal injuries of the spleen and stomach includes two aspects: food injury and fatigue injury, but in the end, it is unified. Roche divided the injury caused by diet into food injury and drinking injury, and divided the injury caused by fatigue into cold in deficiency and heat in deficiency, which was more specific and organized < P >. In the treatment, the famous prescriptions of past dynasties are widely used, and they are self-innovative, so they are more colorful. Its characteristics of treating spleen and stomach diseases are more prominent. It says: "Those who strengthen the spleen must give priority to sweetness ... Wei is yang, and those who are deficient must benefit from pungent; Glory is yin, and those who are insufficient must make up for it with sweetness, sweetness and sweetness, and the spleen and stomach are healthy and healthy. " Shunqi Hezhong Decoction, which is based on Buzhong Yiqi Decoction, is a famous prescription for treating headache due to qi deficiency by adding Chuanxiong, Fructus Viticis, Herba Asari and Radix Paeoniae Alba, which shows that it inherits and develops Dongyuan's medication method. In addition, it attaches importance to the division of the three jiao, which can be described as a pioneering work.
Zhang Yuansu, Li Gao, Wang Haogu, and Luo Tianyi, who were teachers, formed the Yi School, which had a great influence on the development of medicine in the Ming Dynasty.