Testing method in water: Basically, the density of all wood is less than that of water.
But the air-drying density of ebony is
1. 14
The specific gravity is greater than that of water, so when we put it in water,
It can sink to the bottom.
When you look at the water, you will find a layer of oil.
That's because ebony itself secretes an oily substance.
2. Rough object rubbing method: At present, fake ebony products on the market are all painted with ebony-like pigments. We only need to rub with a piece of sandpaper or some rough objects to observe the surface changes of the items. The surface of regular ebony products can't be painted, and the manufacturing method is mainly polishing.
How can ebony tell the true from the false?
Ebony, such as mahogany, is characterized by deep color, high hardness, heavy specific gravity and sinking into water. Ebony, also known as ebony, is only produced in Sichuan Basin. Its color is deep red, simple and dignified, the wood is hard and delicate, the texture is clear, it is resistant to rot and insects, and it is the best raw material for processing and making high-end furniture, temple Buddha statues and gifts. Because the excavation is extremely difficult and the quantity is extremely rare, it is loved by scholars of all ages. The ancients said: Ebony is better than a box of jewels. Visible its precious.
Methods/steps
Ebony is a kind of high-quality wood, such as nanmu, cypress and green bar. , deposited at a depth of 2 to 10 m below the river bed. After thousands of years of physical and chemical reactions of a large number of metal elements in river sand and erosion of river sediment, a "thin, transparent, leaky and wrinkled" uneven surface shape has been formed, which is extremely ingenious.
Because ebony has many holes, large hollow area and long cracks, the output is extremely low. The products sold online are all selected from a large number of ebony raw materials and made by baking, flattening, spinning, waxing and other processes. It maintains natural color, has high ornamental value and strong use value, and is an extremely precious collection treasure.
Features: The air-dried density of its wood is 1. 14, and its specific gravity is greater than that of water, so it can sink in water. Wood has a high oil content, and there is obvious oil output after high temperature. After fine polishing, it has a slight transparency and is not easy to crack. The texture is extremely hard and not easy to wear. The color of new wood is purple-black, slightly mountain-shaped, and the old wood is pure black, basically without wood grain. Wood fiber is fine, non-porous, moisture-proof, and can be wiped with a dry cloth after encountering water to restore luster.
At present, the most commonly used method to identify the authenticity of ebony is to color it with Mozambique bark and ash wood. However, due to its particularity, authentic Indonesian ebony is generally not painted, and the production method is mainly polishing. After polishing, the vessel is full of luster. With the long time of use, the grease secreted by the vessel itself will gradually form a transparent protective layer on the surface, which we call patina. The fuller and thicker the patina, the more valuable it is.
So the identification method is simple. Be careful when you see objects with paint. If possible, grind off a layer with coarse sand. Due to the huge profits of counterfeiting, some unscrupulous merchants are lured to put inferior goods and fakes into the market regardless of the interests of their friends. This article is written specifically for this phenomenon. I hope that our friends will keep their eyes open and beware of being deceived!
Ebony identification formula: the blank is like carbon black, different in color, black and shiny when exposed to water, coated with grease, and the burnt ash is yellow, which is different from ordinary wood; There are differences in weight, which can be heavy and floating, fragrant and odorless, and there are several. There are differences in tree species, but there is no smell. Thousands of years of carbonization are gloomy, and many years of sinking trees are good materials and full of spirituality;
end
Excuse me, where can ebony be identified
Ebony, also known as ebony and carbonized wood, is known as the "Oriental Shenmu". Its texture is hard and not decaying, and its color varies with age and carbonization degree. Old gloomy wood, black and shiny, is very luxurious. Good dark wood is no less than rosewood, and it is a good raw material for making handicrafts. The ancients used it to make furniture. In the Biography of Liu Bin, Wei Xuan in the Tang Dynasty wrote a passage about Zhuge Liang's eight stone piles: "When the gorge is full of water, the Xia Xue disappears in the third day, and the trees are surrounded by ten feet and dry up. With the Bosai River, the water almost collapsed and everything lost its original state. " The "big trees" and "dead trees" mentioned here refer to the dead roots of various trees washed down from the upstream, rushed to Kuimen with the current, washed and swayed in the swirling waves like snow, and sank into the floodplain, forming a kind of wood close to petrochemical over time. This is also the reason for the formation of black wood. After several difficult searches and excavations, most of the gloomy trees are giant sequoias, as well as miscellaneous trees, rosewood and other rare tree species with different shapes. Shade wood is a non-renewable natural product, which has certain scientific research value for studying geography, climate and environment in historical period and identifying plant species at that time. Ebony is also produced in Africa, thinking that ebony is the kind produced in Sichuan. After Zhu Xiong pointed out, I went to check and found that the ebony produced in Africa is the so-called rosewood, and the Ceylon ebony mentioned by Zhu Xiong is the real estate in India. They are all modern trees used to make furniture, which is different from the ebony mentioned above. Ebony was called black wood in ancient times. It is used as a material for making works of art, coffins, furniture and buildings. In ancient times, first-class coffins were made of ebony. What is the upper age limit of ebony? I don't know. The oldest ebony found now is an ebony with a history of 12000 years unearthed in southern Sichuan. I think ebony, as a transitional material of fossils, should have a time limit, but I don't know how long the earth has been. I only know that a so-called coal is in a semi-fossil state, which is about 20,000 years to100,000 years. Silicified wood has a history of more than one million years. Mufa and ebony are mainly produced in Minjiang River basin and Three Gorges area in Sichuan, with a small amount from Gansu and Yunnan-Guizhou. (I hope it will help you, and I will wait for your adoption and questioning online at any time. Thank you. …)
What is ebony? The value of ebony? How to identify ebony
Ebony (dark wood) has both the elegance of wood and the charm of stone, and is known as "Oriental Shenmu" and "plant mummy". Earthquakes, floods and mudslides bury all plants and creatures on the ground in low-lying places such as ancient riverbeds. Some trees buried in mud have been carbonized for thousands of years under the conditions of hypoxia and high pressure under the action of bacteria and other microorganisms, forming ebony, so it is also called "carbonized wood". Ebony was used to ward off evil spirits in past dynasties, making handicrafts, Buddha statues and amulet pendants. The ancients said, "A house with half an ebony is better than a box of treasures." . Modern ebony is a kind of mahogany. Ebony commonly mentioned in the timber market refers to black African ebony and African ebony, which is a kind of tree species and belongs to the national mahogany standard. Ebony value: Guangdong Tieli ebony (dark wood) has many cracks, generally only small handicrafts are made, and few large pieces of furniture are circulated; Its value is determined by the following factors: wood, tree species, thickness, carbonization degree, external pricing, whether it is sun-dried (stable after drying), color (common in black, rare in Jin Sinan), crack size, available value, etc. This should be considered from all aspects. (Generally, it costs 20,000 ~ 80,000 yuan/ton, but there is no specific standard for processing it into works of art ... Ebony bracelets are quoted on Taobao 180 yuan/piece). Another Compendium of Materia Medica records: heavy wood, smell: sweet, salty, flat and non-toxic. Indications: It can detoxify cholera and vomit. Grind sawdust into powder and take it with warm wine; It also has the effect of expelling wind and removing dampness. One reason why ebony was particularly precious in ancient times was that there were few large-scale infrastructure projects in ancient times, abundant rivers (not as dry as now), and lack of large-scale excavation and hoisting equipment, dredging ships and so on. Therefore, there are fewer black trees that can be found and shipped back, which is the first precious; Secondly, the characteristics of dark wood formation doomed that it was difficult to find a large area of wood in the past, and the environment such as temperature and humidity changed greatly without the formation environment, and it was easy to crack due to improper storage, which affected the utilization rate, so it was also very precious; Finally, what is more precious in traditional culture is that it has been buried underground for thousands of years without decay, and it is spiritual, which can ward off evil spirits and accept blessings. General furniture production also needs a good whole piece of material, so no matter from the aspects of material consumption demand, maintenance and traditional culture, furniture made of dark wood is particularly precious. (not to mention, someone has specially fired it. ) Because ebony is a non-renewable resource, the development amount is less and less, and some natural ebony artworks have certain collection value. How to identify ebony: ebony has been in a special physical environment for a long time, and its color is mostly black and red (such as ancient Toona sinensis, which was buried underground for more than 3,000 years), black and yellow (such as ancient Phoebe bournei, buried underground for more than 4,000 years), black and green (such as Phoebe bournei), and there are also gradual colors; Most of the original ancient trees of ebony are Toona sinensis, Phoebe bournei, Cymbidium, Liu Ma, Cinnamomum camphora and Sorbus pohuashanensis. Not all ancient trees can be turned into ebony, and not all ebony is black, or black is ebony. For example, ebony produced in India and Myanmar and persimmon trees, diesel ebony and chicken wings in China are all black modern wood. The real ebony was formed in a specific anoxic environment. Because wood itself contains natural preservatives such as eucalyptus oil, it can be buried deep for thousands of years without rotting. The age and value of ebony can only be determined by experts' experience and scientific means such as carbon 14 isotope detection. I hope I can help you ~
What is ebony? What is the value of ebony? How to identify ebony
Ebony (dark wood) has both the elegance of wood and the charm of stone, and is known as "Oriental Shenmu" and "plant mummy". Earthquakes, floods and mudslides bury all plants and creatures on the ground in low-lying places such as ancient riverbeds. Some trees buried in mud have been carbonized for thousands of years under the conditions of hypoxia and high pressure under the action of bacteria and other microorganisms, forming ebony, so it is also called "carbonized wood". Ebony was used to ward off evil spirits in past dynasties, making handicrafts, Buddha statues and amulet pendants. The ancients said, "A house with half an ebony is better than a box of treasures." .
Modern ebony is a kind of mahogany. Ebony commonly mentioned in the timber market refers to black African ebony and African ebony, which is a kind of tree species and belongs to the national mahogany standard.
Ebony value: Guangdong Tieli ebony (dark wood) has many cracks, generally only small handicrafts are made, and few large pieces of furniture are circulated; Its value is determined by the following factors: wood, tree species, thickness, carbonization degree, external pricing, whether it is sun-dried (stable after drying), color (common in black, rare in Jin Sinan), crack size, available value, etc. This should be considered from all aspects. (Generally, it costs 20,000 ~ 80,000 yuan/ton, but there is no specific standard for processing it into works of art ... Ebony bracelet is quoted on Taobao 180 yuan/piece). Another Compendium of Materia Medica records: heavy wood, smell: sweet, salty, flat and non-toxic. Indications: It can detoxify cholera and vomit. Grind sawdust into powder and take it with warm wine; It also has the effect of expelling wind and removing dampness. One reason why ebony was particularly precious in ancient times was that there were few large-scale infrastructure projects in ancient times, abundant rivers (not as dry as now), and lack of large-scale excavation and hoisting equipment, dredging ships and so on. Therefore, there are fewer black trees that can be found and shipped back, which is the first precious; Secondly, the characteristics of dark wood formation doomed that it was difficult to find a large area of wood in the past, and the environment such as temperature and humidity changed greatly without the formation environment, and it was easy to crack due to improper storage, which affected the utilization rate, so it was also very precious; Finally, what is more precious in traditional culture is that it has been buried underground for thousands of years without decay, and it is spiritual, which can ward off evil spirits and accept blessings. General furniture production also needs a good whole piece of material, so no matter from the aspects of material consumption demand, maintenance and traditional culture, furniture made of dark wood is particularly precious. (not to mention, someone has specially fired it. ) Because ebony is a non-renewable resource, the development amount is less and less, and some natural ebony artworks have certain collection value.
How to identify ebony;
Ebony has been in a special physical environment for a long time, and its color is mostly black and red (such as ancient Toona sinensis, which was buried underground for more than 3,000 years), or black and yellow (such as ancient Nanmu, which has been buried underground for more than 4,000 years), black and green (such as Nanmu), and there are also gradient colors; Most of the original ancient trees of ebony are Toona sinensis, Phoebe bournei, Cymbidium, Liu Ma, Cinnamomum camphora and Sorbus pohuashanensis. Not all ancient trees can be turned into ebony, and not all ebony is black, or black is ebony. For example, ebony produced in India and Myanmar and persimmon trees, diesel ebony and chicken wings in China are all black modern wood. The real ebony was formed in a specific anoxic environment. Because wood itself contains natural preservatives such as eucalyptus oil, it can be buried deep for thousands of years without rotting. The age and value of ebony can only be determined by experts' experience and scientific means such as carbon 14 isotope detection.
I hope I can help you ~
Introduction and identification of ebony
In the long-standing Bashu culture, ebony is a mysterious and precious "treasure" and "artifact". There is a folk saying that "a box of treasures is not as good as ebony" and "two thousand gold is sent to the underworld for ebony to worship the spirit of heaven". Because ebony is pure yin, it is also recorded as medicine in ancient books. Ebony is widely known as "Oriental Shenmu" at home and abroad because of its wide use and mysterious attributes. Ancient dignitaries loved ebony furniture and ebony artworks as family heirlooms and cherished them all the more. Qiao Shi, former chairman of the National People's Congress, also praised Ebony as a "treasure of abundance" and wrote an inscription; Today's famous archaeologists and sociologists also admire the archaeological, artistic and social value of ebony and list it as the "first collection". Ebony, also known as "ancient sunken wood", is unique to Sichuan and has been called "the spirit of all trees" and "the respect of all trees" since ancient times. Ebony, also known as carbonized wood, is gradually carbonized under the specific physical and chemical action for thousands or even tens of thousands of years due to natural reasons such as floods and crustal changes. Because ebony has been in a special physical environment for a long time, its color is mostly black all over, but also black inside and red outside (such as ancient Toona sinensis, which was buried underground for more than 3,000 years), black outside and yellow inside (such as ancient Phoebe bournei, buried underground for more than 4,000 years), black outside and green inside (such as Phoebe bournei), and there are also color gradients; Most of the original ancient trees of ebony are Toona sinensis, Phoebe bournei, Cymbidium, Liu Ma, Cinnamomum camphora and Sorbus pohuashanensis. Not all ancient trees can be turned into ebony, and not all ebony is black, or black is ebony. For example, ebony produced in India and Myanmar and persimmon trees, diesel ebony and chicken wings in China are all black modern wood. The real ebony was formed in a specific anoxic environment. Because wood itself contains natural preservatives such as eucalyptus oil, it can be buried deep for thousands of years without rotting. The formation age and value of ebony, also known as dark wood, is unique to Sichuan and has been called "the spirit of all trees" and "the respect of all trees" since ancient times. Ebony is a rare tree in ancient times, which was deeply buried under ancient river beds and mountain streams due to natural reasons such as floods and crustal changes. Under the specific physical and chemical effects, it gradually carbonized after thousands or even tens of thousands of years. Because ebony has been in a special physical environment for a long time, its color is mostly black all over, but also black inside and red outside (such as ancient Toona sinensis, which was buried underground for more than 3,000 years), black outside and yellow inside (such as ancient Phoebe bournei, buried underground for more than 4,000 years), black outside and green inside (such as Phoebe bournei), and there are also color gradients; Most of the original ancient trees of ebony are Toona sinensis, Phoebe bournei, Cymbidium, Liu Ma, Cinnamomum camphora and Sorbus pohuashanensis. Not all ancient trees can be turned into ebony, and not all ebony is black, or black is ebony. For example, black wood produced in India and Myanmar and persimmon trees, diesel sandalwood and chicken wing wood made in China are all black modern wood. The real ebony was formed in a specific anoxic environment. Because wood itself contains natural preservatives such as eucalyptus oil, it can be buried deep for thousands of years without rotting. The age and value of ebony can be determined not only by experts' experience, but also by scientific means such as carbon 14 isotope detection. According to "A Brief Introduction to Bo Gu", there are three kinds of Phoebe bournei: Phoebe bournei, Phoebe bournei, Jin Sinan and Jin Sinan. There are gold wires in the wood grain, which is the best kind of nanmu and a very precious high-quality material. In ancient feudal emperors, the throne of the dragon chair was made of high-quality nanmu. Because the tree has few straight nodes, smooth texture and is not easy to deform, it will not rot for thousands of years, and it is the first of the hundred trees in its former residence. One aspect of ancient nanmu (ancient sunken wood) is that nanmu was deeply buried under river beds and mountain streams in ancient times due to natural reasons such as crustal changes, and gradually carbonized after thousands or even tens of thousands of years under the specific physical and chemical effects. Because wood itself contains natural preservatives such as eucalyptus oil, it can be buried for thousands of years without rotting. Phoebe bournei belongs to ebony species, also known as carbonized wood. Because the ancient golden nanmu absorbs the aura of heaven and earth, the handmade beads refined with it have super energy, and have the functions of calming the nerves, accepting blessings to ward off evil spirits, and attracting wealth to protect the body. Ebony (ancient sunken wood) beads are handmade because they absorb the aura of heaven and earth, so the ebony bead chain has super energy, and has the functions of calming the nerves, collecting blessings to ward off evil spirits, attracting wealth, protecting the body and protecting the law. Ebony is a mysterious and precious treasure, and there is a folk saying that "even if there is a box of treasures, it is not as good as ebony." Because ebony is pure yin, it is also recorded as medicine in ancient books. Because of its wide use and genus ......
How to tell whether a piece of wood is ebony?
Ebony is expensive and has many uses, but how to distinguish between true and false, please see the following introduction:
1, the wood is brittle, and it is obviously felt when cutting with a knife;
2. Many white spots can often be seen in the cross section of ebony under a magnifying glass; 3. The tube hole is slightly visible under the naked eye, but the axial parenchyma and wood rays are hardly visible under the naked eye, and it is difficult to see the parenchyma of ebony under the magnifying glass;
4. Heartwood is black and heavy;
5. There is no ripple mark and no sour taste (different from blackcurrant branches).
In short, to identify whether a piece of wood is ebony, we should know that ebony growth rings are not obvious, heartwood is all black and there are few light stripes. The tube hole is visible to the naked eye; Containing brown-black or black gum; The maximum chord diameter is 14 1um, and the average number of 98um is a little less, 4- 12 /mm 2. The axial parenchyma is rich, mainly concentric layered thin lines (1-2 cells wide, most I cells), which are quite dense and rarely seen under a magnifying glass; The number of sparse loops is small. Wall thickness of wood fiber. You can see wood rays under a magnifying glass; No wave marks can be seen; X-ray structure is mainly irregular single column, with few columns. The structure is very thin; Textures are usually until slightly staggered; The air drying density is 0.85-1.17g/cm3.
How to tell the true and false of the dark forest
Identification standard
According to GB/T 18 107—2000 (redwood) standard.
You can hardly see it under a magnifying glass; The number of sparse loops is small. Wall thickness of wood fiber. You can see wood rays under a magnifying glass; No wave marks can be seen; X-ray structure is mainly irregular single column, and the number of two columns is small. No fragrance; The structure is very thin; Textures are usually until slightly staggered; The dry density of air is 0.85- 1. 17 g/cm? ;
Metallic luster.
Identity discussion
Ebony (dark wood) naturally carbonizes (does not burn)
The essence of cryptowood is carbonized wood (wood naturally carbonized by some special tree species under special geographical conditions), which is between carbon and wood and has its unique wood properties; Whether it is gloomy or not generally depends on the degree of carbonization. Too much carbonization will turn into coal. As for the traditional exorcism, it belongs to the extended cultural category, which often makes everyone cast a mysterious veil when identifying depressed wood.
A small formula for identifying ebony "dark wood"
Edited by another line
The body is like carbon black, with different colors. When it turns black and shiny in water, it is coated with oil and burned with yellow ash, which is different from ordinary wood.
There are differences in weight, which can be heavy and floating, fragrant and odorless, and there are several. There are differences in tree species, but there is no smell.
Thousands of years of carbonization are gloomy, and years of sinking trees are good materials and full of spirituality.
The rest of the coffin plates are called yin wood.
Ebony (dark wood) belongs to the genus carbonized wood, so its trees are mostly black carbonized (generally, the longer the trees are, the higher the degree of carbonization), and the appearance of carbonization is similar to that of charcoal scorching, and carbonization cracks; Painting on white paper with its carbonized wood will not produce black scratches of ordinary charcoal; Some experienced masters generally comprehensively evaluate the approximate age of formation and possible tree species from the aspects of appearance carbonization degree, section condition after grinding, hand feeling, etc., and judge whether it belongs to a gloomy level; Generally, trees that completely enter the gray level need to undergo at least thousands of years of infiltration (oxidative carbonization); Other immature (lack of carbonation) logs are sometimes just submerged logs (some submerged logs were formed after being submerged under water for many years, and do not have some conditions formed under "hypoxia and high pressure").
Ebony (dark wood) is hard (iron dark wood is the hardest and Toona sinensis dark wood is soft; Can the gloomy wood sink after returning to the sun (naturally drying in the shade)
Ebony observation
5 albums
Under water, it mainly depends on the different tree species, which can sink and float; In particular, some small pieces of finished products generally float on the water, and it is impossible to identify whether they are dark wood by whether they can sink into the water. Most of them are brown-black, black-red, gold and tan. Its section is smooth and the wood grain is fine, which can be polished to mirror brightness. Some ebony trees are similar in nature to rosewood. It never fades, does not rot, does not produce insects, and is an ideal material for making works of art and antique furniture.
Ebony (dark wood) is more exotic than ordinary wood. Ordinary wood (except for Shui Mu) is burnt with white ash, while dark wood is burnt with yellow ash. It darkens when exposed to water and returns to its original color after drying. A little vegetable oil will shine black and won't fade. When most of the black wood was unearthed, the core of the tree had rotted, leaving only the middle layer of the head and trunk; The severely carbonized surface can not be used as a general material, so it is generally necessary to shave off its outer layer and leave the wood core for later use.
Identification of dark wood, how to identify dark wood
1979 edition of Cihai holds that "wood buried in soil for a long time due to stratum changes is called' black wood', also known as' black wood sand'. Generally speaking, it is mostly Chinese fir, which is hard and durable. In the past, it was considered as a precious wood for making coffins. " It's cloudy in the north of the mountain and the south of the water. Generally, people born in Shanbei or autumn and winter are called shady trees. Shaded wood is obviously different from dark wood. Yin wood is born on the ground, and dark wood is buried underground. Shaded wood is not only a kind of Chinese fir, but also the name of many wood that has been buried underground for a long time and can be used as utensils. These Woods are characterized by moisture-proof, insect-proof, anti-corrosion, fragrance and heavy oil. There are many kinds, mainly cypress, Chinese fir, nanmu, Fraxinus mandshurica, wild litchi, bitter catalpa, runnan, iron pear and so on. Dark wood has different names in all parts of the country. It is called "Langmu" and "Shuijiangmu" in the Songhua River Basin in Northeast China, and "Ebony" in Sichuan (the main hidden wood is generally dark in color). There is also an ebony art museum in Chengdu, Sichuan. Sichuan does not produce ebony, but it is produced in Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia. The so-called "ebony" in Sichuan is actually a kind of gloomy wood, which is very different in concept and essence and cannot be confused. Fifth, the light source is good. Art ceramics should be bought in a place with good light during the day, or in a place illuminated by fluorescent lights. If you look at the artifacts under spotlights or colored lights, the naked eye will often produce errors, which will affect the appreciation effect of the collection. Bottom line: defective porcelain is worthless no matter how beautiful it is. In today's Jingdezhen, some national treasure masters continue to create in Jingdezhen, and often a work has just been completed halfway, and it has already been asked for at a high price. Today's high-end contemporary porcelain, its appreciation rate is no less than that of Hetian jade, which brings new collection channels and methods to today's auction market. Many discerning people are quietly carrying these exquisite porcelain. Jingdezhen Museum, some high-end private museums in Shanghai, and porcelain works of contemporary famous artists have all entered the museum, which reveals that contemporary porcelain also has appreciation potential. Shanghai Xinlong is such a company that sells and collects modern and contemporary works of art, exhibits and sells antiques. Since its establishment, the company has devoted itself to a series of activities such as investment, small hands and lectures. Shanghai Xinlong International Exhibition Co., Ltd. is an antique trading platform integrating antique exhibitions, cultural salons, sales, educational lectures and local treasure hunting activities. Since its establishment, we have always adhered to the service principle of "openness, fairness, justice and integrity" and built a service platform for investing in works of art. After the housing market, stock market and foreign exchange market, antique art, as the fourth hottest investment industry, attracts many investors! Calligraphy and painting appraisal, celebrity calligraphy and painting are expensive and the auction is hot. 20 12 art antique appraisal exhibition is now invited. Please find the Shanghai Gold Antique Agent: