Gui is a Mongolian to the core. How did he become a military commander in the Ming Dynasty? His native place is Xuanhua County, Hebei Province, at the junction of Hebei and Inner Mongolia. It used to be an important place for Mongolian-Chinese exchanges in the Central Plains. Some Mongolians moved here very early and lived with the Han people. When Wen was young, he moved to Xuanhua with his parents and became a few Ming subjects with Mongolian descent.
The blood of Mongolians came from Manchuria and Guangxi, and of course they inherited the good riding and shooting ability of Mongolians. As an adult, he was naturally drafted into the army and became Daming's border guards. He fought bravely, made meritorious military service repeatedly, and was constantly promoted. He became a participant in middle age.
But Manchu became a general thanks to one person, that is, Sun Chengzong, a great scholar in Ming Dynasty. One year, when Sun Chengzong arrived at the border, Manchu attracted his attention, so he was invited to talk. He found that this man had a strong military talent and was worth making good use of. Soon, Sun Chengzong ordered the guarding of Shanhaiguan, and immediately appointed Wen Gui as the deputy governor of Shanhaiguan. Haha, you didn't expect that a brave Mongolian general stood at Shanhaiguan, known as the "first pass in the world", to guard against foreign enemies for the Han people.
After being transferred to Shanhaiguan as Deputy Commander-in-Chief, Wen Gui met a great man, the famous Yuan Chonghuan. It is said that when Wen Guigang met Yuan Chonghuan, he also had conflicts with him. Yuan Chonghuan is only a military supervisor in Shanhaiguan, and the so-called military supervisor is not the first chief in charge of the army. He has no actual right to unify the army, but only supervises the discipline of the army on behalf of the court. So at first, Mangui ignored him and laughed at him as a "little sesame official".
Sun Chengzong is a civilian, but he has a military mind. He thinks it is dangerous to defend Shanhaiguan passively, and should take the initiative to defend forward, that is, to expand the depth of defense. He took a fancy to Ningyuan, 200 miles away from Shanhaiguan. It was a wasteland at that time, but it was the only place where Manchu soldiers attacked Shanhaiguan. If fortifications are built here, it will be before Shanhaiguan. This can effectively prevent Nuerhachi from attacking Shanhaiguan directly. This military idea of building multiple defense lines and actively extending the defense depth to the enemy is very valuable even today, and it is not out of date at all.
As a civil servant, it is amazing that Sun Chengzong can come up with such a brilliant idea. Although the Ming Dynasty was dark and the political struggle in North Korea was always fierce, there were still many real talents and doers, such as Sun Chengzong.
Who will take the heavy responsibility when choosing the defensive position? Sun Chengzong immediately thought of Manchuria and Yuan Chonghuan, so he immediately ordered the two experts to build Guancheng in Ningyuan. The two men didn't lose hope. In a short period of one year, they have established a strong and unusual relationship network.
Something happened in the process of building this military town. At that time, many Han people in Liaodong could not survive because they were looted by Nurhachi soldiers. They had to drag their children and flee to the newly-built Ningyuan City for refuge. They farm outside Ningyuan for a living, but who knows, some Mongolian herders also come to Ningyuan to graze. These fierce Mongolian herders often prey on the reclaimed Han people on horseback with knives, making it impossible for them to recuperate.
It is the foundation of the masses. Without the people, Ningyuan became an island and it was difficult to effectively resist foreign enemies. Han people are often harassed by Mongolian herders, so they can't stand up. Many people want to move out. Sun Chengzong was deeply worried about this, so he ordered Wen Gui to lead a crusade against Mongolian tribes. Wen Gui gladly led the troops to attack and finally drove them all out of Ningyuan. A thorough Mongolian will not hesitate to use force against his own people. Today, it seems a little incredible. I think Manchu is just a martial man, and I don't know what Confucian "loyalty and filial piety" means. Therefore, it should not be feudal morality that drives Manchu people to do this behavior. We can only understand the concept of professional soldiers in Ming dynasty, and Manchu is a professional soldier who performs his duties.
After the Mongolian tribes were driven away, Ningyuan really got peace, and people continued to migrate here. During the peak period, more than 50,000 farmers cultivated the land. In just a few years, a deserted place has become a densely populated military town and a powerful city. The imperial court attached great importance to this matter and rewarded Sun Chengzong, Yuan Chonghuan, Wen Gui and others. Wen Gui was officially appointed as the company commander of Ningyuan and led the troops to the war.
1626, Nurhachi led 60,000 troops and attacked Ningyuan with only 20,000 Ming troops. However, Manchu people stored a large number of war materials such as grain, arrows, gunpowder and iron ore in the city. Manzhouli troops swarmed into the city and were attacked by intensive arrows and heavy artillery fire, causing heavy casualties. The bodies were piled up layer by layer, almost flush with the city head. Because of the strong city walls, Ming munitions killed a large number of enemy troops, which was very close to modern fortifications. However, the overwhelming Manchu cavalry on the plain had no advantage in this siege and could only become the target of the Ming army.
After several days of fierce fighting, the puppet troops suffered heavy casualties and made no progress. They even came up with a desperate way to cut down the wall.
A group of bold pig tails rushed to the foot of the south gate wall defended by Mangui and split it with picks. Because it was close to the city wall, it caused the blind area of artillery shooting, which made it difficult for the Ming army in Chengtou to kill them. With a chisel and a little strength, the tough Manchu boy really cut a big hole in the wall. If this situation continues, they will really dig the wall! Guangxi was anxious like a cat on hot bricks, and went to the north gate to find Yuan Chonghuan. Yuan Chonghuan ran over to have a look and shouted, "Hurry up! Pour oil! " Ming soldiers quickly took a whole barrel of hot oil and poured it on the braid at the door. Some people just throw a lot of straw at them, "light a fire!" " "A torch was thrown down," wow, wow! ""The pickaxe that was cutting the wall just now suddenly became a fireman. They threw away their picks and ran back crying, and the runners slowly turned into coke.
After many battles, 67-year-old Nurhachi was very angry. He even neglected his own safety. Gasos rushed closer to the wall and shouted, "Nanmanzi, I have never lost a battle!" As soon as the voice fell, a cannon flew and landed beside him. Mr. Ba quickly turned back to this array. Who knows, he was shot again before he ran more than a dozen paces. This time, he hit his back and almost fell down in pain. Fortunately, he persisted and didn't let go. Then several lieutenants saved him in time, and then he fled back to the battlefield.
The battle of Ningyuan ended in the overall victory of the Ming army, and Sun Chengzong's original wise decision was well realized. Wen and others were once again brought out by the court. However, Nurhachi was seriously injured and died soon after returning to Liaodong.
Wen Gui was an out-and-out professional soldier, but it was difficult for him to avoid the political struggle in the Ming Dynasty. He was involved in an imperial infighting and then transferred from Ningyuan. He should be the company commander of Datong.
In A.D. 1629, Huang Taiji of Aisingiorro, who inherited Nurhachi, made an amazing move. He sent the Eight Banners, bypassed Ningyuan's solid defense line, occupied xifengkou on the Great Wall, and left himself in Beijing, the center of the Ming Dynasty, in 2006.
Emperor Chongzhen, who had never experienced a sword, was frightened and hurriedly announced that troops had come to Beijing from various towns to protect him. Wen Gui, the company commander of Datong, led his troops to the gates of Beijing, and soon they fought with the Manchukuo army who came to attack Beijing. But this time it was not a fortification, but a face-to-face battle with the enemy, so there was no advantage. The Ming army fought hard for several days and failed to repel the enemy. At this time, the Royal Guards on the city head were in a hurry and fired back with artillery. Mangui is injured. He is angry and anxious. "What kind of useless soldier is this?" "It's all like this. Won't you fucking let us into town? " According to the regulations of the Ming dynasty, foreign troops can only be stationed outside the capital, not in the city. However, at this time, Manchu and his army were both wounded and exhausted. The defenders in Beijing finally made an exception and opened the gates, allowing the Manchu to rest in peace and heal.
Emperor Chongzhen personally examined Wen Gui's injury and praised him.
But the enemy did not retreat, and Manchuria had to go out of the city to meet them. Suddenly, it was attacked by a group of elite Manchu cavalry. At this point, Manzhouli was trapped and could not escape. "Huang taiji! Your grandfather fights with you! " Mangui rode up to the enemy and said, "Shoot an arrow!" Huang taiji rapped out, and countless sharp arrows were fired at Mongolian generals who fought for the Ming Dynasty for more than ten years.
There were Yang Zaixing in the Song Dynasty and Manchu in the Ming Dynasty. They all died under the random arrows of different nationalities. But Yang Zaixing was the son of Han nationality, and Manchu was a non-Han professional soldier. He didn't die for anyone. He just died for the cause of soldiers. His ending is much better than that of his close comrade-in-arms Yuan Chonghuan. He died in battle and was chased as a hero by the emperor. Yuan Chonghuan was accused by the emperor and killed at will.