Nurhachi refers to Nurhachi, Huang refers to Huang Taiji, Shun refers to the emperor shunzhi, Kang refers to Emperor Kangxi, Yong refers to, Gan refers to Emperor Qianlong, and Jia refers to Emperor Jiaqing.
"Dao" refers to Emperor Yongning of Daoguang, "Xian" refers to Emperor Puyi of Xianfeng, "Tong" refers to Emperor Tongzhi, and "Guang" refers to Emperor Guangxu and the last emperor Puyi.
1, Nurhachi
Qing Taizu Ai Xinjue Luo Nurhachi (1559.2.21-1626.9.30), a founding hero of the Qing Dynasty, was fluent in Manchu and Chinese, and liked reading The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which was listed as a must-read for the army.
At the age of twenty-five, he started to unify the ministries of Jurchen, pacify the pass in the east of China, and established the post-Jin Dynasty in the forty-fourth year of Wanli, and established the separatist regime in Liaodong, thus establishing Yuan's fate. After the Battle of Salhu, he moved to Shenyang. After that, it swept Liaodong, and the Ming Dynasty captured more than 70 cities in Liaoning.
1626, the battle of Ningyuan City was defeated. In April of the same year, Nurhachi led a large army to levy Halka in Mongolia. In mid-July, Nurhachi died of gangrene and was buried in Fuling, Shenyang.
After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, he was honored as the Emperor Taizu of the Qing Dynasty. posthumous title: a high emperor who inherited heaven and earth, spread virtue widely, made great contributions to humanity, filial piety, segment, made great achievements and was safe.
2. Huang taiji
Huang taiji (1592165438+1October 28th-1643 September 2nd1), also translated by Huang taiji. Nurhachi, the eighth son of Aisingiorro, the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, was an outstanding strategist and politician in the early Qing Dynasty, a late Jin Khan and a Mongolian Khan, and the founding emperor of the Qing Dynasty. ?
Huang taiji has been hunting and fighting with his father and brother since he was a teenager, and he is skilled in riding and shooting. After the death of Nurhachi in the 11th year of Destiny (1626), Huang Taiji was elected as Khan, and the next year was the first year of Congcong.
After Huang taiji ascended the throne, he carried out drastic feudal reforms and strengthened centralization; Strategically, we should conquer Korea and Monan Mongolia first and lift the strategic policy of attacking Ming Dynasty. For the Ming Dynasty, it adopted the suggestion of Han people to demote officials and established the policy of "striving for self-improvement through harmony". Reuse the Han generals and weaken the strength of the Ming Dynasty, aiming at entering the customs and seizing the national political power.
In the first year of Chongde (1636), he proclaimed himself emperor in Shengjing (present-day Shenyang), with the founding name of Qing Dynasty, forcing Li Han to submit to Qing Dynasty.
Hong Chengchou was captured in Jin Song War in the seventh year of Chongde (1642). Since then, the elite of the Ming dynasty has been lost, and the Ningjin defense line has completely collapsed. It has become an inevitable trend for the Qing army to enter the customs. In the eighth year of Chongde (1643), Huang Taiji died suddenly on the eve of the Qing army's entry into Shanhaiguan, failing to realize his long-cherished wish to seize the national political power.
/kloc-Huang taiji ascended the throne in 0/7. During his reign, he protected the Han people, reduced the burden on farmers, developed production, strengthened the army, and constantly fought against the Ming Dynasty, laying a solid foundation for the rapid expansion of the Qing Dynasty into the Central Plains in the next stage.
The name of the temple was Taizong, and posthumous title was Emperor Wendi of Daoxian County, Yingtian Xingguo Hongde Zhangwu Kuanwenren Shengrui Xiaominlong. He was buried in Zhaoling, and his nine sons succeeded him after his death.
3. Fu Lin, the emperor shunzhi
The emperor shunzhi Aisingiorro Fu Lin (1638— 16 1 year), the third emperor of the Qing Dynasty, the first emperor after entering the customs, Manchu, was the ninth son of Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty.
Chongde was born in Bolzigit, sourdrang queen, on the 30th day of the first month (from 7: 00 pm to 9: 00 pm).
In the eighteenth year of his reign (1643- 16 1 year), after his death, posthumous title was: Qin Wenwu County, Emperor Yingrui; Gong Hong to Renchun Zhang Xiao, Emperor Dade; MausoleumNo. Xiaoling (Qing Dongling, Zunhua County, Hebei Province); Temple No.
4. Emperor Kangxi Michelle Ye
Emperor Aisingiorro Michelle Ye (1654- 1722), the sage of the Qing dynasty, the third son of the emperor shunzhi, and the second emperor after entering the DPRK. He put down the rebellion in San Francisco, recovered Taiwan Province Province, expelled Russian troops, quelled the unrest in Mongolia and Tibet, and strengthened the stability and unity of multi-ethnic countries.
In terms of economic and cultural construction, Kangxi also made great achievements that had a positive impact on later generations, and initiated the last flourishing age of China feudal society-Kanggan flourishing age.
Emperor Kangxi reigned for 6 1 year and was buried in Dongling, now Zunhua County, Hebei Province.
5. Yin Zhen, Yong Zhengdi
Yong Zhengdi Yong Zhengdi (1678— 1735), the fourth son of Emperor Kangxi, was the third emperor after the Qing Dynasty. On 13.
He severely criticized the opposition forces that hindered the imperial power, effectively improved the management of officials, increased the revenue of the state treasury, and laid a solid foundation for the prosperity of the society in the Qianlong Dynasty.
6. Emperor Qianlong Li Hong
Aisingiorro Hongli (17 1 1 September 25th-1February 7th, 799), the sixth emperor of the Qing Dynasty, was the fourth emperor after Beijing made its capital. The year number "Qianlong" means "Heaven prospers".
After 60 years in office, he continued to talk about politics and actually exercised supreme power for 63 years and 4 months. He is the longest-serving and longest-lived emperor in the history of China.
Emperor Qianlong was a famous emperor in China feudal society. During the Qianlong period, the Qing Dynasty reached the highest peak since the prosperous time of Kang Yong. On the basis of Kang Yong's martial arts, he further completed the unification of multi-ethnic countries and further developed social economy and culture.
Qianlong paid attention to social stability, cared for the people, exempted money and grain from the world for five times and eight provinces for three times, which reduced the burden on farmers, protected agricultural production and enriched the treasury of the Qing Dynasty.
During the Qianlong period, martial arts flourished, and made outstanding achievements in quelling the frontier rebellion, perfected the rule of Tibet, formally incorporated Xinjiang into Chinese territory, expanded the territory of the Qing Dynasty to the maximum extent, and formally laid the foundation for the territory of modern China.
During the Qianlong period, the national policy of "governing according to customs" was implemented. Sinology has made great progress, opening the subject of Ci, and revising Sikuquanshu.
At the same time, folk art has made great progress, such as Beijing opera, which began to take shape during the Qianlong period. However, in the later period, bureaucrats were corrupt and many uprisings broke out.
Strictly resist British and Russian aggression, but the closed-door policy widened the gap with the West, and China was on the eve of modern times.
Sixty years after Qianlong (1795), Qianlong Emperor Zen was located in the fifteenth son. Jiaqing died in hall of mental cultivation on the third day of the first month of the fourth year of Jiaqing (1February 7, 799) at the age of 89.
Emperor Gaozong, the temple name, posthumous title Fatianlong was transported to the sincere enlightenment body, Shi Wenfen, the holy and clean emperor Wu Xiao, and was buried in Yuling, Dongling, Qing Dynasty.
7. Emperor Jiaqing
Aisingiorro (1760165438+1October13-1September 2, 820), formerly known as Yan Yong, was the seventh emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the fifth emperor after Qianlong made Beijing his capital.
Jiaqing year, twenty-five years in office. Born in the 25th year of Qianlong (1760) on November 13th, mother Wei Jiashi (Han nationality). In the fifty-fourth year of Qianlong (1789), he was named Prince Heshuojia.
Armadillo had no real power in the first four years of his reign, and it was not until the death of Emperor Qianlong that he monopolized the power. Meanwhile, he hates corruption. He eliminated bureaucracy and punished corrupt officials, such as Xiao Shenyang. However, in order to maintain political stability, his anti-corruption efforts against the ruling class were limited, so that the results were not great. At the end of Jiaqing, the problem of corruption was not solved, but more serious.
His rule coincided with the rise of the world industrial revolution and the decline of the Qing Dynasty. During this period, the Anbaili Uprising occurred, the livelihood of the Eight Banners, river transportation and other issues became increasingly prominent, and opium also flowed into China. The Qing dynasty declined.
In the twenty-fifth year of Jiaqing (1820), the temple was named Renzong, and posthumous title was transported to Chongwen by Tianxing. Emperor Mingying Zherui, who was diligent and devoted to the people by Wu Guangyu, was buried in the Changling of Qing Xiling.
8. Daoguang Emperor Yongning
Daoguang Emperor (1782 ~ 1850), Aisingiorro Yongning, formerly known as Mianning, was the eighth emperor of the Qing Dynasty (counting from Nurhachi), and his reign was 1820 ~ 1850. During his reign, he was in the decline of the Qing Dynasty. He made some efforts to save the decline of the Qing Dynasty.
He is diligent in government affairs, but as an emperor, his qualifications are not high, and his social ills are hard to return. During the reign of Daoguang Emperor, the Qing Dynasty declined further, and the gap with the West became wider and wider.
1842, the Opium War in Qing Dynasty failed, and treaty of nanking was signed, which humiliated the country. Ten years later, Daoguang swallowed his words and muddled along without taking any measures to learn from the west and revitalize the dynasty.
In the thirty years of Daoguang (1850), he collapsed in Yuanmingyuan in the first month at the age of 69. Temple name Xuanzong, posthumous title "filial piety Tian Fu Li Yunzhong arrived in Wu Wensheng bravely, benevolence, thrift and filial piety as emperor", was buried in the Qing tomb.
9. Xianfeng emperor's game
In the 11th year of Daoguang (183 1 July 17), the fourth son of Daoguang, Emperor Wenzong of the Qing Dynasty, was born in Yuanmingyuan, Beijing, and his mother was Niu Luz, the filial piety queen. In the twenty-sixth year of Daoguang, Emperor Daoguang used the method of establishing a clan and named it a book.
At the end of Daoguang's 30th year, Daoguang was able to shrug off. He summoned the minister to show his calligraphy and made him the Crown Prince. After Xuanzong's death, Emperor Xianfeng ascended the throne, taking the second year as the first year of Xianfeng, and awarded Qin En.
During his reign, when the Taiping Rebellion was in full swing, he was invaded by the British and French allied forces in China. He relied on the Xiang army to curb the further expansion of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement.
Xianfeng also sent troops to resist the British and French allied forces, but he lacked energy and eventually failed, ending in signing the Beijing Treaty, which humiliated the country.
Xianfeng died in Chengde in the 11th year (186 1 August 22nd). In office 1 1 year. After his death, "Xie assumed the post of Emperor Renkuan Jianxian in Zhenwu section of Zhongmu Maode". Temple number Wenzong. Dingling of Qing Dongling in Zunhua, Hebei Province.
10, Tongzhi Emperor Zai Chun
Aisingiorro Zai Chun (1856-1875 65438+10/2), namely Mu Zong, the tenth emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the eighth emperor after the capital of the Qing dynasty, was named Tongzhi. He is the eldest son of Emperor Xianfeng and Literati in Qing Dynasty, and his biological mother is Ye Lahu, a dutiful wife.
His time in office is 186 1 to 1875, *** 13. In the sixth year of Xianfeng (1856), Emperor Tongzhi was born on March 23rd (April 27th in Gregorian calendar) in Palace of Gathered Elegance, the Forbidden City in Beijing.
Xianfeng acceded to the throne in the 11th year (186 1 year). During the Tongzhi period, the Qing government relied on Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang and Zuo to suppress the Taiping Uprising.
In the fourth year of Tongzhi (1865), Monk Qin's Manchu and Mongolian cavalry (Eight Banners) were ambushed and completely annihilated, while Li Hongzhang, the left and Lai Westernization School, respectively annihilated the West and East Nian Army, and the Nian Army rebellion ended in the seventh year of Tongzhi (1868).
During his reign, the Qing dynasty successively put down the changes in Shaanxi and Gansu, and at the same time launched the new westernization policy. There was a period of political stability in the late Qing dynasty, which was called "Tongzhi Zhongxing" in history.
In the 12th year of Tongzhi (1873), the Tongzhi emperor was in charge of his own affairs. In the 13th year of Tongzhi reign (1874), he died on the fifth day of December (Gregorian calendar 1875 12) at the age of 19. Tan Poulnot. Mu Zong. After chasing posthumous title on an auspicious day, Su Yi, a sage with wisdom, honesty, filial piety, honesty, generosity and generosity, was buried in Hui Ling, Qingling Mausoleum, Zunhua, Hebei.
1 1, Emperor Guangxu Zai Tian
Aisin-Gioro Zaitian, Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, was the 1 1 emperor of the Qing Dynasty. At the age of four, he ascended the throne. At first Cian and Empress Dowager Cixi listened to politics. After the death of Ci 'an, Empress Dowager Cixi ruled in one palace until Guangxu was eighteen. Since then, although he nominally belongs to Emperor Guangxu, in fact, power is still in the hands of Empress Dowager Cixi.
Emperor Guangxu was held hostage by Empress Dowager Cixi all his life and never held real power. 1898, Emperor Guangxu carried out the Reform Movement of 1898, but it was opposed by conservatives headed by Empress Dowager Cixi. Emperor Guangxu intended to rely on Yuan Shikai to imprison Cixi, but Yuan Shikai betrayed him. Since then, Cixi has been kept in Yingtai, Zhongnanhai.
The whole reform only lasted 103 days, so it was called "hundred-day reform". 1908165438+1October 14 Emperor Guangxu collapsed suddenly due to arsenic poisoning, at the age of 38, and was buried in chongling, Qing Xiling.
12, Puyi
Aisin Giorro Puyi (1906— 1967), the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, was the last emperor in the history of China. Son of Zai Feng, Prince of Alcohol, he proclaimed himself emperor in the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu (1908).
1924165438+1October 5, was expelled from the palace by Feng Yuxiang. After the Revolution of 1911, he abdicated. During his stay in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he was designated as a war criminal because he acted as the puppet emperor of the Japanese-supported puppet Manchukuo. Later, he was pardoned by Mao Zedong and became an ordinary citizen of People's Republic of China (PRC). 1967 died in Beijing.
It is called Emperor Xuan Tong (1909- 19 12,19/July 1- 12). When he was emperor of Manchukuo, his title was "Kant", (1934- 1945).
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