Chapter 18 Xu Jie, the perfect successor of "Xin Xue"

Among all the records equivalent to the prime minister of the Ming Dynasty, he is not the most famous or the best. But he was the main force to bring down China's most famous traitor Yan Song. If it weren't for him, Yan and his son would continue to do evil. "History of the Ming Dynasty" highly praised this Xu Wenzhen in a rare tone: "Establish a dynasty with respect and protect the people. Jia Fu and Long Fu were rescued by many people. Sometimes there are snakes, but they don't lose a big section. " "The commentator suddenly pushed the ranking to the name.">& gt Throughout Xu Jie's life, it was only for the word "forbearance". He is the perfect successor of Wang Shouren's theory of mind. I have been with Yan Song for more than ten years, and I am careful; He is also good at catering to the will of the emperor, so he can stay in the local area for a long time. As a veteran of the two dynasties for many years, he was called "Xu Gelao". Before his dismissal, Yan Song was promoted by an exception, and Huang Guangsheng, a well-known good minister of the Lakers in Jinjiang, Fujian, was promoted to the minister of punishments. Jiajing wanted to kill people, but he also used "killing himself to become famous" as an excuse. & gt& gt It can be said that the highlight of Xu Jie's entire political career was his defeat of the powerful Yan Song. Xu Jie's humiliation is the killer weapon in his political power struggle, and "Xu Jie intends to do something for Yan Song" has also become a classic case in power tactics. & gt& gt After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the maritime ban was strictly enforced. Except for * * * maintaining tributary trade relations with overseas countries, all other private maritime trade is prohibited. During the period from Yongle to Jiajing, the maritime prohibitions were tight and loose, but the general trend was mainly prohibition. With the development of commodity economy, the demand for overseas trade is increasing day by day, which has formed a strong contradiction with the maritime ban policy. Armed smuggling and piracy are rampant along the southeast coast, and a large number of unemployed people and fishermen join the smuggling trade along the coast of Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangdong, which has become a major hidden danger to social security. & gt& gt Excellent Culture >> Feel the Wisdom of the Millennium >> In the 28th year of Jiajing (1549), the Wang Zhi Group's harassment of coastal areas was first called "Japanese invasion" in the Ming Dynasty, which was caused by the panic report of local officials who didn't know the truth for a while. In the thirty-first year of Jiajing (1552), the Ming government set up a governor here and implemented a strict policy of sea ban, while smuggling groups took an armed confrontation attitude, eventually forming the so-called "Japanese invasion." However, is it really what local officials say? Who were the main victims of Japanese invaders in Jiajing Dynasty, and how were they pacified? & gt& gt The so-called "Japanese invasion" of Wang Zhi statue in Jiajing of Ming Dynasty broke out in the 26th year of Jiajing (1547). Zhu Wan, governor of Zhejiang Province, who is also a sea passage in Fujian and other places, ordered the suppression of pirates, banned trade and urged coastal residents to report thieves to each other. People are very angry where "smuggling rice" has become a habit. These people plundered in Fujian and Zhejiang, colluded with Japanese ronin, China pirates and Xu, and in the 19th year of Jiajing, they took Shuangyu Port near Ningbo as their "base camp" and attacked everywhere, killing people and stealing goods. & gt& gt During the Jiajing period, most Japanese leaders came from China, including Li Guangtou in the early stage, Wang Zhi in the middle stage and Zhang Lian in the later stage. Wang Zhi, born in Huizhou, is a maritime merchant engaged in maritime smuggling trade. After another pirate was annexed in the 31st year of Jiajing (1552), he ran amok and became the leader of a maritime smuggling ring. He asked for foreign trade, but the court refused, so he plundered the eastern coast of Zhejiang. The following year, he was besieged by government forces and had nowhere to live. He fled to Japan, based in the five islands, built a mansion in Hirado, and had a huge fleet. & gt& gt At that time, Japan, like other neighboring countries, maintained a tribute trade with the Ming Dynasty. Tribute fleet must have a "seal" (pass) issued by the Ritual Department of the Ming Dynasty before landing in Ningbo where Zhejiang Shipping Company is located, and then stop at Anyuan Inn, while landing for trade, waiting for the permission of the court to enter Beijing. Once permission is obtained, the envoy and his party will go to Beijing with credentials, tributes and goods, escorted by Ming officials, and stay in the joint hall of the capital. After submitting credentials and tributes to the court, the articles you carry can be traded near Huitong Pavilion to buy non-prohibited articles. According to Takeo Tanaka's research on "The Enemy and the Reconnaissance Trade", from the third year of Wenjian (140 1) to the twenty-sixth year of Jiajing (1547), in nearly a century and a half, Japan dispatched 18 ships led by Ming envoys. In the second year of Jiajing (1523), two groups, Japan's ouchi and Hosokawa Morihiro, competed for tribute in Ningbo, which made the tribute trade in crisis and became the "beginning of the later period of the Japanese invaders". & gt& gt； China ancient official signature. Ming belongs to the Ministry of War, in charge of postal affairs in Beijing, with ambassadors and envoys. Huitong Pavilion in the Ming Dynasty was the general hub of the national post station in the capital Beijing at that time. & gt& gt Preparation of Charts >> China Planning Coastal Defence Monograph. Zheng Mingruo once edited, 13. It is a precious document to study the military history, coastal defense history and Sino-Japanese traffic history of the Ming Dynasty. After Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty, many books on coastal defense and introducing Japan were based on this book, or copied or supplemented. The "Tribute Dispute" in Ningbo, Wang Zhi's Tomb, found an excuse for the Ming Dynasty bureaucrats who advocated strict enforcement of the maritime ban policy: they believed that the curse was caused by the tribute trade. Without weighing the pros and cons, the Ministry of Rites hastily closed the shipping company in Ningbo and stopped the tribute trade in Japan. Official legal trade channels are blocked, and Japanese-Chinese trade is difficult to meet, which provides a favorable opportunity for maritime smuggling trade. According to Beitu, there was a great demand for porcelain at that time, including raw silk, silk floss, cotton cloth, cotton silk, splendid, red thread, mercury, needles, iron pots, porcelain, coins and medicinal materials. Such a huge market and huge profits (for example, the price of raw silk is as high as ten times after it arrives in Japan) can be imagined, and it is impossible to ban it. During the Jiajing period, private thieves in the southeast coast joined forces with local tyrants to seize the government and engage in maritime smuggling trade with great fanfare. Pirates and coastal poor have also joined the smuggling trade, echoing it from a distance. Because it traded with Japanese businessmen and took armed confrontation when it was banned by the government, it was called "Japanese invaders". & gt& gt Smugglers in the Ming Dynasty >:> Luzon Island) >> Located in the northern part of the Philippine Islands, it is the largest, most populous and most developed island in the Philippines. Luzon Island is rich in rice and coconut, and Luzon cigars are world-famous. Luzon Island is also one of the three administrative regions of the Philippines (Luzon Island, Visayas Island and Mindanao Island). China ancient books called Luzon Island "Little Luzon". People can easily understand the word "enemy" literally. In fact, the so-called "enemy" needs specific analysis. The article "Japanese pirates" in China Historical Dictionary says that Japanese pirates harassed the coastal areas of China in the Ming Dynasty, which is too simplistic. According to Takeo Tanaka's textual research, the word "enemy" first appeared in Koguryo's Epitaph of Guangkai King 404 years ago. Its meanings are varied, including "enemy of Korea", "enemy of Korea", "enemy of Jiajing" and even "enemy of Luzon Island", "enemy of Nanyang" and "enemy of Portuguese". Among them, the largest pirates were14th century to15th century and16th century. The former is mainly active on the Korean peninsula and the northeast coast of China, and it is a combination of Japanese and Koreans; Most of the latter are China maritime smuggling trade groups, and the number of Japanese is very small. In the book Ming Empire and Japan, Yukio Yamagen emphasized the following two points when talking about the "late Japanese pirates" (that is, the "Jiajing Great Japanese pirates"): First, the main body of the late Japanese pirates was the small and medium-sized businessmen in China-Chinese businessmen, who had to engage in maritime smuggling trade because their legitimate overseas trade was banned; Second, the top leader of the Japanese pirates is Huizhou businessman Wang Zhi, who is the leader of the maritime smuggling trade group, demanding the abolition of the "no-sea order" and promoting trade liberalization.