According to Historical Records, in ancient times, famous doctors were good at using surgical anatomy to treat diseases. He can cut the skin and remove muscles, open the pleura, grasp the omentum and clean the five internal organs of the stomach. If this legend is too bizarre and unconvincing, then the detailed discussion of human internal organs in Huangdi Neijing, a classic work of traditional Chinese medicine, convincingly shows that anatomical activities began very early in traditional Chinese medicine. The article "Coffin" says: The external shape of human body can be known by measurement, and the changes of the position and shape of internal organs can also be perceived by palpation. After death, we can dissect and observe the size of each person's internal organs, the firmness and fragility of internal organs, the length of blood vessels, and the changes of blood color in arteries and veins. The coffin also describes the size and length of the internal organs in detail. Huangdi Neijing recorded that the ratio of esophageal length to large intestine length was 1.6: 56 = 1: 36, while the ratio in modern medical research was 25: 925 = 1: 37. It can be seen that the measurement of the length of large intestine and esophagus in ancient China has reached a quite accurate level.
Since then, there have been records of anatomical activities in the Western Han Dynasty, the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui and Tang Dynasties. In the Song Dynasty, human anatomy had a greater development, not only accumulated more anatomical experience, but also began to draw maps according to physical objects, and special anatomical maps appeared. Among them, The Five Collected Pictures of Ou Xifan was drawn by (104 1- 1048) Wu bamboo slips in Qing Dynasty after dissecting the body of Ou Xifan executed in Song Dynasty. The book describes the physiological positions of the five internal organs: the heart, liver, gallbladder and spleen are under the lung, the small intestine is under the stomach, the large intestine is under the small intestine, the small intestine is clean, the large intestine contains filth, and the bladder is next to the large intestine. This description is basically consistent with the position of the five internal organs of normal people. During Song Chongning's reign (1102-1106), Yang Jie's Save the Truth was more accurate than Ou Xifan's Five Zangs, and the five internal organs of the human body, such as chest, abdominal cavity, digestive system, urinary system and reproductive system, were studied. This book has a great influence on later generations, and many doctors use it to correct medical books.
Correcting Mistakes in Medical Forests in Qing Dynasty is a milestone in China's anatomy. This was written by Wang Qingren, a famous medical scientist, after more than 40 years of direct observation of the corpse. There are 25 physiological anatomical maps in this book, which have corrected the previous erroneous conclusions such as "the lung has 24 holes", "the spleen smells sounds moving" and "urine oozes from feces". He found that the trachea has two branches and several bronchioles. At the same time, he also found important organs that have never been mentioned before, such as carotid artery (called "left and right valves" in the book), descending aorta (called "guard tube" in the book) and pyloric sphincter, common bile duct, pancreas and duodenal inlet. In particular, the description of the diaphragm is quite accurate, saying that it is "as thin as paper and the strongest". Moreover, through his own observation, Wang Qingren once again affirmed that the brain dominates the function of thinking and memory, saying that "brain waves are not in the heart, but in the brain".
The careful study of human anatomy by Chinese medicine in past dynasties has greatly enriched the content of Chinese medicine. However, due to the strict constraints of feudal ethics, China's anatomy practice has always been carried out in secret by doctors, and even at that time, he took great risks because of the lack of government support. It is for this reason that China's anatomy has never embarked on the road of independent development, and its development is extremely slow, and it was eventually surpassed by western medicine. This is a very regrettable thing in the history of medical development in China.