-Appreciation of Li Shangyin's "Jinse"
This song, which represents Li Shangyin's highest achievement, has always been praised as "a golden instrument that can solve people's difficulties" because of its beautiful words, lingering feelings, clever allusions, subtle elegance, obscure hidden meanings and unique style. This paper tries to analyze Jinse from four aspects: theme, artistic conception, image and allusions.
Keywords: Li Shangyin's allusions, themes, artistic conception, images
Inlaid harp
I want to know why my Jinse has fifty strings, and each string has a youthful interval.
Zhuangzi daydreaming, a saint, was bewitched by butterflies, and cuckoo crowed in the imperial spring.
Mermaids shed pearl-like tears on the moon-green sea, and the blue fields breathed their jade to the sun.
A moment that should last forever has come and gone before I know it.
This poem is the masterpiece of Li Shangyin, a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty. Li Shangyin (about 8 1 1-859), whose real name is Mountain, was born in Yuxi and Fan Nansheng. This song "Jinse", which represents Li Shangyin's highest achievement, has always been known as "Jinse for solving people's difficulties" because of its gorgeous rhetoric, lingering feelings, clever use of allusions, subtle and elegant implication and unique style. Yuan Haowen, a poet in the Jin Dynasty, wrote in "Poetry": "Wang Chunxin is crying, and the beauty Jin Se complains about the years. Poets always love Quincy, but hate that no one writes about Jian Zheng. " Jinse is puzzling, which is manifested in the following aspects:
First, the theme is uncertain
From ancient times to the present, there have been different opinions on the interpretation of this poem by poetic theorists. If classified slightly, it can be roughly divided into the following items:
1, on love poetry
Liu Ban in the Northern Song Dynasty said in "Poems on Zhongshan": "Li Shangyin has a poem" Jinse ",which people don't understand, and it is still called Linghu Chu's Tsing Yi name." In the Song Dynasty, Ji Gong wrote in "Three Hundred Tang Poems": "Jinse, Hu Ling's concubine." Su believes that "Jinse is a love memorial of Shang Yin". Zheng Xuping thought this was written by Li Shangyin to his aunt. In "On Li Shangyin's Love Poems", Liu Kaiyang also thinks that he is recalling the lover king when he was young. This statement is purely arbitrary, unreliable, and there are not many responses.
2. Xu Se said.
We should pay attention to the topic of "Jinse" and think that this poem is about musical instruments. "Qian Su Miscellaneous Notes" said: "The golden harp is just a vessel, with a string of fifty and a column. Its voice is also suitable for resentment and peace. Shi Li's "Saint Zhuangzi daydreaming, bewitched by butterflies" is appropriate; Wang's "The cuckoo crows in spring", complaining; "Mermaids shed pearl-like tears on the moonlight green sea", Qing also; The blue fields are breathing their jade to the sun. In an article, the song is the ultimate. " (Vae's Yanzhou Poetry and Hu Zai's Tiaoxi Fishing Poetry also hold this view. The author pays too much attention to the topic and ignores the original meaning of the poem.
3. Mourning theory
The theory of mourning was put forward by Zhu Yizun, a scholar in Qing Dynasty. He explained the theme of the poem: "This mourning poem is also. People who want to die like to play this game, so they think about things, so they lift things. " He Chao said in "Poetry on the Mountain" that "this mourning poem is also. In the first couplet, the 50-string virgin drum was used to mourn, and the Emperor Shenshi began to express his grief, and some people could not stop; The second link is sad that he has become a foreign body; Abdominal couplet also laments that it can't be revived, saying "thinking about China" and "remembering" has a clear theme. "This theory had a long-term impact in the Qing Dynasty. Later, although many scholars agreed with the theory of mourning, the specific explanations were different. Meng Xinshi, a close friend, even studied Li Shangyin's life as a mourning poem. This statement has a certain theoretical basis, but unfortunately, when it comes to mourning objects, it is often incidental.
4. Self-injury theory
This theory was initiated by He Chao when he read Secretary of Yimen, and was accepted by many critics after it was put forward. In Qing Dynasty, Wang Shihan thought that Li Shangyin was self-harming when he used the golden harp in On Poetry. Zhang Caitian also thinks that the self-injury theory in Notes on Yuxi Chronicle is a true conclusion. In addition, close friend Wang Fumin also said so. This statement is reasonable, but there is something wrong with the interpretation of couplets. For example, Wang Fumin said that "the sea is the officialdom, the moon is the worthies, and the day is the monarch, thus drawing the conclusion that the worthies are ineffective and the emperor's kindness is rare", which is obviously a metaphor.
5. Metaphor theory
In Qing Dynasty, Zhang Caitian thought that this poem expressed the poet's nostalgia for Li Deyu in Notes on Yuxi Chronicle. Liu Wenying, on the other hand, thinks that "the whole meaning of this poem is that he is unconscious of Linghu Taoju and laments that his life experience has fallen." This statement is far-fetched
6. Preface Poetry Theory
It was first put forward by Cheng Xiangheng. As this poem was included in the textbook of Li Yishan's poetry anthology in Song Dynasty, people thought it was a summary of the poet's life. In the Qing Dynasty, Wang Yingkui said this in Liu Nan's Essays: "The first couplet is like a cloud, and the ci is usually described as a collection, but the ci is full of memories. The second time is like a cloud, the words focus on poetry, or hurt its source, or satirize relatives; The main idea of Gai Shi is here. Zhonglian Yun Yun, with clear words, beautiful sentences and a perfect combination of pearls, is full of excitement and root-seeking, which shows his profound skill. After all, words and poems have been written, although it is unbearable to look back. After a few times, readers can still get their ears when they know their people and talk about their world. " Qian Zhongshu and Shao Derun interpreted this poem as a poetic theory from the theory of image thinking. Mr. Zhou also thinks that this statement is a "groundbreaking new plan."
7. Others
Some people think that poetry is tasteless if it is exhausted, and they advocate not to delve into it. For example, Wang Shizhen in the Ming Dynasty said in "On the Whole Tang Poetry" that "there is nothing if you don't understand, but there is something if you understand." Liang Qichao also thought that this poem "opened a sentence and asked me to explain it." I don't even know the original intention. I think it is beautiful and gives me new pleasure in reading. " This statement puts too much emphasis on perceptual impressions and can only be used as appreciation notes.
The above explanations are self-evident, and most of them were based on the purpose of excavating the author's intention. Some of these explanations can really tell some truth, but they do not generalize some theories that deliberately seek to be different, and obviously have traces of readers' own play.
2. Ambiguity of artistic conception
Li Shangyin's poems, "always because he refuses to spit a straight word, his throat is blurred, or this or that, intermittent, so-called good at burying his thoughts." The main idea of 1 gold is that it seems to have no specific reference, but it is a true expression, reflecting a feeling and a cognition of society and life. It touches every reader with different feelings and understandings with gorgeous and exquisite artistic forms and hazy and shy image beauty. Make it near but not floating, far and inexhaustible. When analyzing the untitled poems, Liu said: "Although the poet may unconsciously have other meaning, the profound and extensive life experience trapped in his chest makes him involuntarily follow suit when writing love experiences, and infiltrate and integrate the extensive life experience into the poems." The significance of all kinds of beautiful and strange images in this poem lies not in simple narration and lyricism, but in one emotion with another, one emotion after another. Delicate, tortuous, melancholy, euphemistic, both sentimental and inexplicable. It constitutes a wonderful artistic conception that can only be understood but not expressed.
The most outstanding artistic charm of Li Shangyin's untitled poems can be said to be the beautiful artistic conception created in his poems, and the beauty of this artistic conception lies in its obscurity, illusion, richness and sadness, leaving readers endless room for reverie. In his works, he often shows a kind of lost and sentimental mood, and exaggerates an erratic and hazy melody, which enriches the emotional color and deepens the theme of his works. This poem has a blurred scene and profound meaning, and every couplet is hazy. It creates a series of images of pain and sadness to directly attract readers' hearts. "What they want to show is not a story, but an emotion, not a clear and reliable picture of time and place, but an ethereal but controllable artistic conception." When recalling his own life experiences, poets pay attention to extracting all kinds of emotional experiences and casting them in seemingly irrelevant aesthetic images, which may include regrets over the passage of time, disillusionment, the decline of national fortune, the hidden pain of love life and all kinds of regrets on the long road of life. The first two sentences lead to "unprovoked" questions with "thinking", creating a strong sentimental and desolate tone and rendering a melancholy, melancholy and hazy poetic atmosphere. Listen to the complicated strings of Jinse and think about the past years; The complicated voice, melancholy mood, complicated thoughts and nine songs form the multi-level hazy connotation of this poem. Zhuan Xu wrote that Du Yu turned into a bird from Zhuang Zhou Meng Die. Zhuang Zhou is in an illusory dream. He doesn't know whether Zhou's dream is a butterfly or a butterfly's dream week. This is a hazy dream. Du Yu looked at the emperor and became a cuckoo after his death. Every year in late spring and March, she cries for love, her mouth bleeds and her voice is miserable. What she wrote was illusory. What the poet wants to express is the sadness and resentment in the hazy inner world. These two allusions, one is like a Buddha dream, and the other is a beautiful legend. Although the meanings of "infatuation" and "trust" are not clear, they all rely on allusions to pin their feelings, tell their doubts and unspeakable worries, vent their resentment and sadness, and hide the infinite sentimental spiritual realm that the poet has been trying to find all his life. With tearful and poetic eyes, pearls and jadeite are written on the neckline. The moon is a pearl in the sky, like a bright moon in water; The bright moon falls between the seas, and pearls are bathed in tears-forming a hazy fairyland where pearls and tears are hard to understand for a month. The next sentence is the hazy scene of "Lantian Warm Woye". This is not only the expression and display of the poet's exquisite artistic accomplishment, but also the philosopher's thinking in the face of infinite sadness. This hazy natural scenery reflects the poet's hazy emotional world. The sentence at the end creates a vague artistic conception, which is a multi-level and tortuous analysis of the emotional world: the sunset of life is close at hand, and all pursuits will be illusory. Such feelings, today has become an unbearable past. Interwoven together to become such a harmonious and changeable sonata, striking a chord. As an aria of life, the poet's feelings can't be realized, and his life ideal can't spread its wings. Facing the cruel reality, he had to be remembered. However, how frustrating and fascinating it was at the beginning! "Because the poem is sung by the author, it will make people feel melancholy. It's a personal emotion that others can't know, and people today can't know. It is a melancholy and unprovoked emotional memory hidden in the poet's heart after vicissitudes of life. It can only be understood without words. It is an experiential but ethereal artistic conception, which is difficult to achieve. " three
For the poet, political frustration and ups and downs in love not only directly affected Li Shangyin's poetic creation tendency, but more importantly, he gradually formed a depressed, sentimental and introverted character. This feature determines the poet's overall aesthetic taste, and also determines that he must use melancholy and sad images to construct subtle and tortuous artistic conception in mature poetry creation.
3. The illusory beauty of images
The beauty of image in Jinse is manifested in the richness of connotation and the uncertainty of theme, which is very close to the implicit style. It contains many magnificent images, changing and jumping structures and rich and beautiful language images, which can convey the meaning and achieve the aesthetic and artistic effect of "endless words and endless meanings". "What I am pursuing in art is how to completely stop showing my heart and stop here. Every image seems to show a scale and a claw, leaving many gaps that should be connected but not connected. These gaps are just like fog, which makes people guess. This artistic pursuit should be said to be a creation of Li Shangyin. " Li Shangyin has a unique personalized structure in the choice of images. Mr. Wang Meng, an expert in the study of contemporary famous writers' poetics, has unique views on Li Shangyin's poems. He believes that "Li Shangyin constructed a poetic image and poetic realm with the structural technique of' montage', and constructed a deep inner emotional world related to the external material world but not the same." Because all Li Shangyin's poems point to his inner world, the images in his poems have surpassed the traditional simple images and become spiritual. After the original spiritual sublimation and innovation of the poet, they are full of illusion and strangeness, showing a personalized and personalized style. In the combination of spiritual image and material image, the poet's sadness, loneliness and depression can be conveyed and comforted. Jinse transcends the limitation of time and space, gathers things that could not exist at the same time, and integrates the present and the past, reality and imagination. Brought us a strong shock and impact. Let's marvel at the meaning and essence of life and interpret the philosophy of life with a perfect philosophy of life.
Through the ingenious combination of various images, Jinse forms a complete hazy image in a very harmonious way. There is a strong emotion in his poems, and his emotion and artistic conception are expressed in some fragments of images, which are hazy, trance and blurred, and there is a hazy beauty of flower curtains like smoke. First, function words create an endless emotional universe, and then ambiguous images are transformed into hazy feelings in this universe, resulting in an artistic realm that looks colorful on the surface and disappears in essence, but it is endless to read. In Li Shangyin's poems, meaning comes from outside images, emphasizing the role of subjective feelings in artistic conception. The poetic environment has a great subjective color, which makes his feelings and artistic conception both hazy and long. He deeply realized the complex emotions of hope, disappointment, despair, confusion and disillusionment.
The middle four sentences are images composed of four allusions, which can convey many emotions and are full of Zen. The last sentence of the couplet uses the story of Jiao Ren's tears in the Caspian Sea in natural history. Four images appeared one after another: the sea, the bright moon, pearls and tears. These four images are interrelated: the movement of the sea is related to the moon, which is natural common sense. According to Lu's "Spring and Autumn Annals", the moon is the foundation of the group of yin, and the full moon gives birth to clams, and the yin moon gives birth to clams, which leads to the loss of the group of yin. It can be seen that beads are also related to the hope and darkness of the moon. The relationship between beads and tears is as mentioned in the allusions. The relationship between the sea and pearls, obviously, the sea is the origin of pearls. This poem connects us with such an artistic conception with four peculiar images: there is a full moon in the vast sea, and a lonely pearl in the sea is forgotten in its place of origin and cries silently. Shiny beads shine like tears, like the bright moon on the sea, and round jade looks vivid and warm. The moon represents eternity and femininity, and jade symbolizes firmness and nobility. The poet compares his talent to the moon and jade. Rich in literary talent but different from ordinary people, it means lofty and out of date. These four allusions only repeat their own feelings of confusion, helplessness and disillusionment. So many subtle and strange images, in the end, just beyond our power. Chew carefully and we will find something deeper. The pearls in the sea will only leave tears of management on the moonlit night, and the beautiful jade under the blue sky will only rise with the elegant rosy clouds when it is warm. Otherwise, there is no moonlight or dim moonlight, and even the best pearls can't send out charming brilliance, so they can only leave the sea idle. When winter comes, Japan will be colorless, and even the best jade will not be found, so it can only be buried deep underground. That's the way it is. People should have both the subjective will and the objective environment to realize the value of life. Beads of tears and beautiful jade smoke, these misty things, have become the best images to bear the poet's elusive disappointment that it is difficult to realize his life value. Therefore, the tragic artistic conception of this couplet and the whole poem is unified, which makes the meaning of the poem deeper and wider. The creation of the beautiful artistic conception of the sea, the moon and the blue sky is the standard and measure for the poet to answer the value of life.
According to Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Fishing and Concealing Conghua", Dongpo thinks: "This is the joy of ancient and modern times, and the cloud: a golden harp is also a utensil, and its string is fifty, and its column is like this, and its sound is also appropriate, resentful, clear and harmonious." Generally speaking, Li Shangyin thinks of touching the strings and columns of Motome drum with his hands and hearing the melody of the harp in his imagination. Music language is integrated with memories of the past, thus forming various images of jaw-abdomen couplets. The image here is the product of the poet's "complex" formed by indulging in the ocean of personal past events because of the touch of the outside world or psychological moments. In short, the image produced by the epiglottis is the poet's "emotional complex", "Saint Zhuangzi daydreaming, butterfly bewitched, Wang Chunxin cuckoo crowing." It means that thinking about the ultimate value of life is not unique to me. The creation of the beautiful artistic conception of "bright moon on the sea" and "warm blue sky" is not only the expression and display of the poet's exquisite artistic accomplishment, but also the standard and measure for the poet to answer the value of life. Here, the aesthetic characteristics of the symbol are embodied: "Invisible through the tangible, infinite through the finite, and eternal through the instant". Here, the poet expresses the symbolic meaning behind the artistic image through the artistic image. Poets push people with things, expanding and deepening the theme of poetry. The highlight of the whole article is here, and so is the soul. "A moment that should last forever has come and gone before I realize it." Looking back on the past, although I have made great efforts to pursue the ideal of a better life, I can face the reality: lovers leave, love their wives until they die, their prime of life has passed, their ambitions are hard to show, their achievements have not been built ... The days of awakening are no longer beautiful. The tragic ending of crying makes the poet return to "what is the value of life?" How to achieve it? " Deep thinking and confusion have greatly enhanced the shocking power of poetry. To sum up, Jinse transforms the poet's own melancholy, desolation and confusion into a sad image, and injects it into a gloomy and hazy poetic environment, thus making the poem more beautiful and secluded, showing the poet's unique image mode: building images with colorful and sad objects.
Fourth, the implication of allusions.
The use of allusions is also called the use of things. Anyone who quotes historical facts about people, places, things and things in the past, or uses language as a metaphor to increase the meaning and elegance of words is called "allusions". Most of Li Shangyin's poems are obscure because of allusions, among which Jinse bears the brunt. Because Li Shangyin "often uses it secretly, borrows it or uses it flexibly" in Jinse, the meaning of the poem is different from the original allusions. Liu Xie explained "allusions" in "Wen Xin Diao Long", saying that it was "based on events and taking the past as evidence to prove the present". It is used to compare the past and the present, to prove the present with the past, and to express one's feelings through the past.
The use of allusions in Jinse is unique. Even if readers understand the connotation of allusions, they still can't find out the exact purpose of this poem. Because the allusions in the poems are divergent and suggestive, they can lead people to associate in many ways and communicate the various life experiences experienced by the appreciators. There is infinite melancholy in a string of columns of brocade, and there is always a blank sigh in Zhuang Sheng's dream butterfly. There is a sad sadness in the tears of azalea and Haizhu, which is a vague hope and confused disappointment. What the poet wants to symbolize is this blurred and sentimental emotion lost in memory. The poet throws things with the image of the mind, and the emotional state is isomorphic with the ontology of metaphors, which are the externalization of his mental image. The symbolic picture depicted by the four parallel allusions in the poem contains rich symbolic meanings, which can be said to contain almost all the realms of life: the realm of forgetting myself to dream, the realm of transcending life and death to the future, and the realm of loving the sky and hating the sea, which constitutes an eternal mystery and a mysterious eternity. These metaphors and mental images seem to overlap and accumulate one by one, and this layer of melancholy and sentimental fog permeates them. Even the poet himself feels that they are hidden and elusive, which makes the whole poem present a multi-level hazy realm and a strong melancholy and sentimental feeling. Every image in the poem, every poem, is not only the scenery of life, but also the inner turning point. These allusions, after the integration and reorganization of the poet's mind, are full of Zen meaning: last romance has no time, Zhuang Sheng has no dreams, his yearning for the emperor has no life experience, the pearl of the sea has no ambition, and the jade smoke has no ideal. At that time, in retrospect, it was melancholy, but also embarrassing and emotional.
I want to know why my Jinse has fifty strings, and each string has a youthful interval.
Zhu Note: "What about it? Musical Instrument Diagram: "Twenty-three strings of elegant instruments, twenty-five strings of eulogizing instruments, which are decorated with precious stones, are called jewels, and those who paint like brocade are called goldsmiths. "Han Shu?" "Sacrifice to the Suburb": "The Emperor of Qin ordered Motome to drum a 50-string piano, so sad that the emperor couldn't stop, so he broke it into 25 strings. "The first couplet reflects the poet's helplessness over the passage of time and expresses his sadness and sadness about his bumpy life experience. The harpsichord is a kind of musical instrument. The author writes the strings of the harpsichord delicately and intricately, just like his own mood, and each string hides a period of pain and melancholy. It not only implies meticulous and complicated feelings, but also implies heavy and lingering sadness. Most of the poets who interpreted Yishan in past dynasties took this poem as their later works. Shang Yin died before he was fifty years old, so he used "fifty strings" to describe his life, which triggered the following idea of "one string and one column".
Zhuangzi daydreaming, a saint, was bewitched by butterflies, and cuckoo crowed in the imperial spring.
The last sentence of this couplet uses the story of Zhuang Sheng's dream butterfly in Zhuangzi's Theory of Everything. This is an allusion: "Zhuang Zhoumeng was a butterfly and lifelike. Self-metaphor and ambition! I don't know, Zhou Ye. If I suddenly feel it, I suddenly feel it. I don't know if Zhou's dream is a butterfly and? Is the butterfly's dream a week? " Zhuangzi vividly demonstrated his thought with this fable, that is, everything has different forms, but Tao is unified. Zhuang, although born in Zhuang's life, was once used by Li Shangyin, but it already contains another meaning. Li Shangyin quoted the story of Zhuang Zhou's dream butterfly to illustrate that life is like a dream and the past is like smoke. Yuxi wrote such a sentence: A beautiful woman, a beautiful musical instrument and a complicated string awakened the poet's dream and stopped sleeping. Beautiful situations are often illusory and short-lived dreams. Li Bai's antiques Nine borrowed this allusion to express the sigh of impermanence: "Zhuang Zhou dreamed of butterflies, butterflies dreamed of Zhuang Zhou, and the whole body became relaxed and everything was fine." Penglai water is known as a shallow stream. The pro-melon farmer used to be the Hou of Dongling. With such wealth, what do you want from the camp "
The next allusion of cuckoo crying comes from Huayang Guozhi? Shu Zhi: "Du Yu proclaimed himself emperor, Wang Di, posthumous title. ..... Its mutual understanding, decided that Lei Yushan in order to eliminate the flood, the emperor then instructed political affairs, and the law of Yao and Shun Zen taught benevolence and righteousness, so Zen was in enlightenment. The emperor rose to the western hills. " It was February, and the cuckoo was singing, so Shu people mourned the cuckoo's song. Zi Juan is a cuckoo, also called Zi Gui. Cai Mengbi's Poems on Du Gongbu Caotang 19 Du Fu's poems quoted Chengdu Ji: "When the emperor dies, the soul turns into a bird, which is called Du Fu, which is also called Zigui." Wang Di was the legendary monarch of Shu in the late Zhou Dynasty, named Du Yu. Later, the Zen position retired, and unfortunately the country died. After death, the soul turned into a bird. As for the bleeding in the mouth, its voice is sad and touching, named Du Fu. Du Yu's spring, what does this have to do with Jinse? It turned out that the complicated strings and plaintive songs of the golden harp aroused the poet's infinite sadness. His unspeakable grievances, such as Du Fu's plaintive voice, sent him home in the spring. The word "entrusted" not only describes Du Yuzhi's longing for love in "Du Fu", but also describes the beauty's longing for love in brocade, waving her hand and looking at her, falling into the water. It is said that in the late Zhou Dynasty, after the death of King Shu, his soul became a cuckoo, and he cried sadly every spring until his mouth bled.
If Meng Xiao refers to a beautiful and short-lived dream, what does it mean? In fact, it contains a kind of sorrow that is hard to pursue but fruitless, just like the legend of cuckoo crying blood. When these two poems are connected together, they form a spring night moment of gathering and a lonely lamp of pain. These two contrasting artistic conception pictures are really confusing, sad and tactfully express the spiritual connotation of the music played. That music, which is urgent or slow, clear or bitter, is the longing for love expressed by both husband and wife in the brocade, and the desire to fly together after become a butterfly. But because it can't be realized, it is as melancholy as a cuckoo weeping blood, and it is deeply grieved.
Mermaids shed pearl-like tears on the moon-green sea, and the blue fields breathed their jade to the sun.
New Tang book? Di Zhuan: "Quote the Ming Classics, transfer Bianzhou to join the army, falsely accuse officials, make Yan like news, and make him different from talent." He thanked him: "Zhong Ni said that he knows benevolence and righteousness. You can say that he is a pearl left in the sea. "The moon is a pearl in the sky, like the bright moon in the water; Tears, like beads, are natural since ancient times. Jiao Ren's tears turned into pearls, which is also a strange sight in the sea. Its original intention is that when politics is clear, the author holds unparalleled talent, but inexplicably gets involved in the party struggle, just like a pearl being abandoned in the sea.
Yuanhe County Records: "Lantian County, Jingzhaofu, Guannei Road: Lantian Mountain, a Jade Mountain, 28 miles east of the county." Lu Ji, a writer in the Jin Dynasty, has a famous sentence in his "Wen Fu": "Stone is like jade, mountains are only light, and water is like pearls." Lantian Mountain is a famous jade-producing place in the southeast of Lantian, Shaanxi Province. This mountain is sunny and contains jade gas (the ancients thought that treasures have phosgene invisible to ordinary eyes), and Ran Ran rises. However, although the essence of Meiyu is far away, it is not close, so it is out of reach, representing an extremely beautiful ideal scenery, but it is impossible to grasp and approach. "Notes on Sleeping" Volume 18: "Dai Rongzhou refers to the poet's scenery, such as the sunny sky in Lantian and the fine jade smoke, which can only be expected but not placed, and it is imminent. Li Yishan's sentence "Yu" is based on this.
So, is there any connection between the sea moon, tears and Jinse? Qian Qi's famous "Qin Fu" doesn't say that "25 strings play jathyapple, and you can't clear your grievances and fly away"? Therefore, the moonlit night is appropriate, and the grievances are particularly deep. In this way, the relationship between the territory of Haiyue and Sese can't be spied?
The two sentences of the neck couplet show that yin and yang are warm and cold, and jade is beautiful. Although the realm is different, regret is one. The poet loves and insists on this noble feeling, but he dare not profane and lament.
A moment that should last forever has come and gone before I know it.
Ji Xiaolan's so-called "four sentences are vague, and the so-called" disconsolate "is also" ⑥ a sigh, which contains endless meanings, including how much missing, how much sadness, how much melancholy and how much helplessness. Some people say that poetry is the precipitation of pain. People have been pursuing happiness all their lives, but the road they pursue is pain. Li Shangyin was unhappy all his life. In his early years, he was appreciated by Ling Hu-chu, who made friends with his son Ling Hu-mao and others, personally taught him to play the near pose, and later hired him as an inspector. Later, he came into the sight of our ambassador to Jingyuan, Wang Maoyuan, and soon married the king's daughter. Hu Ling Mao and Wang Maoyuan belong to different parties, which makes Hu Ling Mao and others jealous and attacked as ungrateful and unfeasible. Since then, I have been deeply involved in party struggles and achieved nothing in my life. Li Shangyin was known and controlled by others all his life. He was in a dilemma and extremely angry. In the face of love, career, fame and fortune, he is always very contradictory and difficult to give up. His character is a little weak, indisputable and full of feelings. This makes the poet express his feelings with obscure poems when he is helpless and miserable. When one lives in contradiction and pain, one can only show helplessness. When the helplessness and pain in Jinse are expressed in gorgeous language, we feel more profound sadness. As the saying goes, glory is dull, and pain is helpless.
1 Notes on the Poems of Sheng Dynasty Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House. 1979
2 Dong Naibin's Biography of Li Shangyin Xi: Shaanxi People's Publishing House. 1985
3 History of Ancient Chinese Literature by Luo Zongqiang and Chen Hong East China Normal University Press 2000: 403.
4 Liu Wenbing's Xugou County Records? Folklore Taiyuan: Shanxi People's Publishing House. 1992
:288
5 Shi Zhecun's Collection of Poems of Tang and Song Dynasties. Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 1987: 576
6 Shen's Collection of Poetry Criticism, Sichuan People's Publishing House 1957.