After reading a book, you must have a lot of experiences worth sharing. At this time, you need to carefully record and write down your thoughts after reading. How should you write your thoughts after reading? Below is the summary I compiled for you. It is for reference only. Let’s take a look. Thoughts after reading the outline 1
Opening the book, following her light and smooth narration, you can approach the growth footprint that only people of their generation can have, as if you have entered another world. From kindergarten to school, from childhood friends to classmates, from friendship to love, in the eyes of our generation, their generation seems to have only such simple experiences, simple relationships, and simple stories. But in Zhang Yueran's writings, what unfolds in this simplicity is a motley world, laying out a mental journey that seems paranoid and simple, but is actually equally difficult. Just like the painting style of Du Wanwan, the protagonist of the novel: "The lines are always thick and strong, with a trembling morbidity, which destroys the purity of the picture." Therefore, "you can only paint watercolors or oil paintings, and use thick colors to cover those with a guilty conscience." "Hesitating lines", therefore "the paintings are always large blocks of accumulated color, giving an incomprehensible look".
The novel tells the story of two closely related girls, Du Wanwan and Duan Xiaomu, who grew up as enemies and became friends, facing friendship, love, survival and death. Through their love and hatred with Ji Yan, Xiao Jiezi, Tang Xiao, the plumber and others, the love between people and the harmony between people and nature are emphasized. The story tells us that the bridge from suffering to peace, from evil to good is to convert to religion. Although religion cannot prevent the occurrence of tragedies in life, it can help tragic lives to survive calmly. They will not become crazy due to excessive fear, and will not be violent to others due to excessive hatred. They can also find happiness in adversity. Although this kind of thinking has its origins, I think it has been deeply imprinted on Zhang Yueran’s personality. This is the answer that a new generation of people came up with after hard thinking about the basic questions that trouble the human soul. The halo of theology has basically disappeared here, and what shines is a kind of light of humanity and a kind of compassionate humanistic sentiment. This feeling has become the support for pursuing a happy life in this world that was originally empty and windy. This feeling, in today's world of never-ending grievances and resentments, is even more magnanimous, like the simple and rich echo of a cathedral organ.
Zhang Yueran is different from those young writers. What she tells is obviously not just youthful indulgence and rebellion against tradition, but careful dreams and verification, thinking and insights in the confusion of growing up. In her novels, there is no cynicism that has become a fashionable routine in the works of most young writers, no more chatty and irrelevant noisy impetuousness, no more the kind of playing with words in a literal sense. Little tricks - that's actually a student accent, and all of this is inseparable from the depth of her thoughts. Her thinking always makes me feel that it is beyond her age and involves many basic issues of human existence. Although the sages and sages cannot give a standard answer to these questions, as long as the tentacles of thought are extended to this level, Literature is close to the essence.
Zhang Yueran’s talent for fantasy and melancholy temperament make her novels romantic, mysterious, graceful and elegant. She has keen senses and is versatile, trying to explore in many fields, which makes her youth mottled and gorgeous. She dexterously captures every valuable information symbol given by this era, and then perfectly and meticulously integrates it into her novels. In the framework of the story, we can see the influence of Western art films, Hong Kong and Taiwan romance novels, and world classic fairy tales. In the novel's images and scenes, we can see the sophistication, simplicity and purity of Japanese animation; we can see the strong colors and elegant halo of Western oil paintings; the trendy simplicity and free taste of fashion clothing; the elegant shape of ballet And the Gothic architecture stands eerily. In terms of novel language, she has the closeness and sensationalism of pop songs, the artistic conception and conciseness of poetry, the long implication and broad spiritual space of classic movie dialogues. All relevant cultural forms that this generation of teenagers are exposed to are basically absorbed by her and become her vast resources. Then on this exclusive resource, through the melting pot of individuality and endowment, she forges a sparkling personality. Glorious artistic features.
It should be said that Zhang Yueran is lucky and diligent. She has writing talents that are not commensurate with her age: extraordinary feeling, extraordinary thinking, and the ability to control structure and words, and this is exactly As she grows, she becomes more and more luxuriant. Her tireless exploration and pursuit of literary creation has achieved these bits and pieces of gains. After reading "Cherry Far Away", I felt this way, and like the author, I also tasted the pleasure brought by this harvest from time to time.
The author's feeling about things is delicate and keen, with a depth and persistence of her age. All things and phenomena in life are touch points that trigger her feelings and associations. Needless to say, the swings, churches, and cherries in the book—this is a unique complex that becomes an inherent part of the characters in the book. She can describe and psychologically analyze everything she sees, hears, and thinks about. This may be different from most people's habit of savoring and thinking through reading.
Thoughts after reading the Outline 2
"Outline of National History" is a general historical work completed by Mr. Qian Mu in June of the 28th year of the Republic of China. This book takes traditional social values ??as its stance and is in line with the thinking model of traditional Chinese people. . The book has eight parts and forty-six chapters, written from the Yuxia period to the Republic of China period. Because it was originally written as a textbook, it was kept concise. Although the specific details are not fully developed, and some of them are worthy of discussion, the arguments are all relevant to the times and can be said to be penetrating, which clearly shows his profound historical skills. Therefore, anyone who reads history should not read this article in full to cultivate their own historical thinking and feelings.
Every time you read a book, you are also reading a person. Reading the author of this book is a way for people to learn. History books are no exception. This is just like "Confucius wrote the Spring and Autumn Annals, which frightened rebellious officials and traitors." In the same way, the Spring and Autumn Annals are inseparable from Confucius. Therefore, if you want to have a deeper understanding of the significance of "Outline of National History", you must have a deeper understanding of Qian Mu. Here are some stories about Qian Mu to enhance readers' understanding.
During the cultural reform period of the Republic of China, when the Hu Shi school opposed "advocating antiquity" and "superstition" and had doubts and negative attitudes toward traditional Chinese culture and ancient history, Qian Mu and others expressed dissent, saying "I If you take an ancient history class and doubt the past, you will be speechless." He also said in the book "Outline of National History": "Today, if we seek to create a new view of ancient history, we should also slightly modify the extreme skepticism of modern people." Mr. Qian later frankly stated that he was different from the ancient history debate. The school of Buddhism blindly doubted the ancients but put forward new theories based on seeking truth: "...and I doubted the "Yao Code", doubted the "Yu Gong", doubted the "Yi Zhuan", and doubted Laozi's emergence from Zhuang Zhou After that, I am more suspicious than Jie Gang. However, I am willing to use archaeological names and do not want to doubt ancient names. Both doubts and trust must be tested. The spirit and spirit of Yu and Jie Gang are still the same."
We also need to understand the creative background of "Outline of National History". When the Anti-Japanese War broke out, Qian Mu fled from Peking to the southwest rear area in a hurry, and a large number of teaching materials he had taught for many years were lost. At this time, China was facing a period of national survival. Qian Mu felt that China's national destiny was uncertain, even though he believed that China would win the Anti-Japanese War. Victory, but also the worst-case scenario for China's fate. Qian Mu wrote an outline of national history in a remote place in the countryside of Yunnan. He wrote it with the Chinese people writing the last history book of China. He hoped that if China was unfortunately defeated and destroyed, at least one Chinese history book would be left to future generations. Later generations know about China's history and civilizational achievements, and inspire future generations to revitalize China. However, when China won the Anti-Japanese War in the 34th year of the Republic of China, Qian Mu's worst plan did not happen.
So Mr. Qian Mu’s "Outline of National History" is more about considering the value of history to the Chinese people.
In recent years, the thinking of economic development has been very popular, and such a fascinating subject as history has gradually been forgotten and even misunderstood by people. In view of the collision between reality and history, by reading history books, you can find your own answers in them.
Anyone who reads history should first exclude those who are forced to read history. Even those who are interested in the subject of history have incorrect ideas about history. We must be clear that all those who want to have a great future in national history not only need rich historical knowledge and a keen historical perspective, but also need a humanistic sentiment to study history. This is related to one of the beliefs listed by Mr. Qian Mu at the beginning of the book, that is, "Those who have a little knowledge of their country's past history must be accompanied by a kind of tenderness and respect for their country's past history." This kind of historical sentiment can only be found when Only Chinese people can discover it, but it is difficult for Westerners to have such a feeling in their history of governing the country. This inevitably makes me think that the vision of history depends on a kind of personal feelings. Just like when it comes to two colors: black and white, some people love white and try their best to say that white is good. Some people love black and say everything they can about how good it is. And those with great feelings blend black and white into one, but are not completely limited to black and white.
After reading this book, I also considered the value of national history. If I talk about history in a narrow sense, it is the examples listed in various historical books. But if I want to talk about history in a broad sense, then It is a kind of spiritual power spread behind history, that is, a kind of cultural value. History in the narrow sense can make people wise, but history in the broad sense has gone beyond specific objects and turned into a special value symbol. I would rather regard it as a universal belief among Chinese people.
Chinese people are different from Americans. All literary and artistic works in China today (literature, film and television, painting, etc.) focus on the return of historical elements, while Americans focus on the imagination of untestable things. . Putting aside the connection between literary and artistic works and commercial interests, I can easily discover the value tendencies behind all these. To unite the people under the same banner (unconscious thinking patterns, unconscious behavioral motives), for the Chinese, a historical spirit that is derived from history and is more abstract is needed.
< p> And this is exactly the value that a book like "Outline of National History" really seeks to pursue. Thoughts after reading the outline 3I usually like to read books. When I was in college, the place I went to most, apart from the basketball court, study rooms and laboratories, was the library. Almost every week I go to the library. If you are busy with studying or other things and do not read for a long time, you will feel uneasy and always feel that you are lacking something.
I like to read a wide range of books: from the frequent rushes in "The Biography of Zuo Shi in the Spring and Autumn Period" to the delicate descriptions in "Collected Works of Tie Ning", it is like a long stream of water, from the broad narration in "Metal Materials Science" to "Solid Physics" The rigorous derivation, from the tough guy image in "The Old Man and the Sea" to the indifferent old man in "The Birds", from Zhang Xiaofan's persistence in "Zhu Xian" to Sanmao's crying in "How Many Flowers Fall in a Dream", books have always accompanied me. After four years of college, I never gave up.
Happiness alone is not as good as happiness among others. Here, I would like to recommend a book to everyone: "Outline of National History", written by Qian Mu. Mr. Qian Mu is one of the people I respect the most. Mr. Qian has written many books on history, and I like to read them all. Among them, I especially like to read Qian Lao's "Outline of National History". The biggest feeling when reading this book is that I can feel Mr. Qian's strong love for the motherland from the book. The master’s love for the motherland is vividly displayed on the page!
"Outline of National History" is respectable because it has a respected author. In the preface of "National History Outline", Mr. Qian said that the background for writing the book was that during the Anti-Japanese War, universities such as Peking University and Tsinghua University moved to Kunming to establish the Southwest Associated University. Mr. Qian taught at the Southwest Associated University and suffered from the lack of suitable teachers to teach history to students. textbook, so the book was compiled during the war, which lasted several years. There are not many authors in today's society who write books so seriously. Qian Lao only went to elementary school, but he was erudite and determined and eventually became a great scholar. Qian Mu's name alone is enough to make people look up to the mountains and stop walking.
"Outline of National History" is heart-warming. Throughout the book, the master's love for the motherland has warmed the readers. Opening the preface of the book, you can see that "it is believed that the citizens of any country, especially those who claim to be knowledgeable above the level of knowledge, should have some knowledge of their country's past history. The so-called people who have some knowledge of their country's past history must With a sense of warmth and respect for its country’s past.” I like to read historical books, and this is the first time I have heard that one should have "warmth" towards history. The higher education we receive requires us to look at history like bystanders, and we should not look at history with emotions. "Outline of National History" allows us to look at history from another angle, which is undoubtedly quite tempting for young people who like to try.
"National History Outline" is exciting. Continuing to look at the back of the book, Mr. Qian did not disappoint. Qian Lao wrote that Chinese thinker Confucius was hundreds of years earlier than Western thinkers such as Socrates. It is often heard that China is lagging behind Western countries. For the people of the Chinese nation who are becoming less and less confident, it is undoubtedly exciting to see a few lines on this page! Proud!
"Outline of National History" is thought-provoking. After reading the book, we can learn about the detailed tax system of the Han and Tang Dynasties. Farmers need to pay various taxes including corvee, tax, service, etc., which can reach one-third at the highest and one-sixteenth at the lowest. Compared with the current government’s measures to eliminate farmers, it is commendable! We can also see that history is not necessarily strictly divided into slave society-feudal society-capitalist society. We have always been under the impression that China had a feudal society that lasted for more than two thousand years, but this is not the case. Because by the time of the Han Dynasty, the power structure of the Han Dynasty had been transformed from the rule of the aristocracy represented by the previous emperor to a government composed of the scholar class represented by the prime minister and the aristocracy represented by the emperor ruled together. The prime minister is responsible to the emperor, and the emperor will be impeached if he is incompetent. Wang Mang's move to the center of the political stage is a good example. In the Sui Dynasty, the imperial examination system provided open and objective standards for selecting talents. This shows that China is no longer an autocratic monarchy, and the standard of feudal society is an autocratic monarchy in the form of aristocratic rule represented by the emperor. Therefore, we cannot think that China has a feudal society with an autocratic monarchy for more than 2,000 years, and that China’s social form has Chinese characteristics. This can promote life, study and work.
"Outline of National History" is concise. I have read "The Fifteen Years of Wanli" by Huang Renyu, which is also a good book. It also looks at history from a special perspective. In terms of perspective, "Outline of National History" may be inferior to "Fifteen Years of Wanli", but in terms of wording, the latter is far inferior to the former. The beauty of Chinese characters is vividly and exquisitely reflected in the "Outline of National History".
The "Outline of National History" is complete. Just as perfect things do not exist, "Outline of National History" also has flaws. The book is a bit extreme in terms of ethnicity, so you need to pay special attention when reading it. But these cannot conceal the charm of the master. They just show that the master is not inaccessible like a god. He is also a human being of flesh and blood and a person with emotions.
"Outline of National History" is far more than a complete, concise, thought-provoking, exciting, warm and respectable book. Some gains can only be felt but cannot be expressed in words. Here I recommend this book to everyone and share my happiness in reading this book! Thoughts after reading the Outline 4
I recently read information about ancient anatomy and the formation of early theories of traditional Chinese medicine, including the meridian theory. My friend recommended Huang Longxiang, so I borrowed this "Outline of the Academic History of Chinese Acupuncture" and started reading it. That is to say, it benefits a lot.
Master Huang started from the origin and connotation of the meridian theory, citing extensive references and detailed historical materials. He used the Yangming pulse of the hand as an example to explain the process of establishing the theory: The ancients discovered in long-term pulse diagnosis practice that the big finger refers to the second finger. The pulse diagnosis point between (Hegu point) and the positive side of the wrist (Yangxi point) can be used to diagnose oral and dental diseases. At the same time, acupuncture in this area can effectively treat corresponding oral and dental diseases. The ancients intertwined facts, rules, speculations, and theories. At the same time, therefore, the "explanation" component in the meridian theory, which contains a large amount of subjective speculation, appears in the form of a seemingly objective description, which obscures the "law" component that contains more practical components. In the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, In China, such situations abound, and they do not only exist in the meridian theory. At the same time, it is more common that the "laws" of traditional Chinese medicine have both a practical summary component and a subjective component. There are two situations in the subjective component: first, using imagination and guesswork to fill in the missing facts to build a complete theoretical system; second, there is no lack of objective facts, but in order to maintain the perfection of the system, the facts are "cut to fit the shoes". Cut and retouch. Therefore, the author proposes that the core point of this book is the ancient meridian theory, which is an explanation of the specific connections between specific parts of the human body by the ancients. Its essence lies in the observation object itself - the rules of the internal and external connections of the human body, rather than its Intuitive and analogical theoretical explanation - the circulation lines of the twelve meridians. At the same time, the scientific value of TCM theory mainly depends on the practical content of the "laws" part of the theory, not on whether its interpretation of the "laws" is reasonable by today's standards.
The author details the formation of the concept of meridians and the establishment of the theory of meridians in the meridian section of this book. Here is an overview:
First of all, refer to "Lingshu" and "Jiayi Jing" etc., the concept of meridians is used in pulse diagnosis. Comparing the sample parts of the twelve meridians and the three parts of the nine-hour pulse diagnosis, we can find that the hand Taiyin, Shaoyin, and Yangming, the foot Shaoyin, and the foot Yangming are the basic parts and the three parts. The corresponding pulse diagnosis parts of the nine meridian signs are exactly the same. It can be seen that the twelve meridian samples were originally the pulse diagnosis parts. Among the upper and lower pulses, the pulse at the wrist and ankle can diagnose distant diseases, so it is called "Ben", and the corresponding upper pulse is called "Biao" or "Mo". In "Lingshu", "Renying" and "Cunkou" And "Ren Ying" and "Chong Yang" in "Treatise on Febrile Diseases" are examples of this. Secondly, the ancients discovered that the pulses in the hands, feet, wrists and ankles can diagnose local lesions, and can also diagnose lesions in distant locations. Later, in practice, they found that acupuncture and moxibustion can be used to diagnose local lesions. It can also treat corresponding diseases, indicating that there is an inherent connection between the two. Therefore, the ancients connected the two corresponding meridians from the upper and lower meridians to form the original simple "two points connected to one line" meridian circulation line, referring to other pulses on the connection line. Here, a diagram of the circulation of veins is drawn that is very similar to the meridian records unearthed in Mawangdui silk books; finally, in the ancient people's concept, although the "meridians" are invisible, the pulsation points where they "exit" on the body surface are visible, and the body The trajectory representing these pulsation points is the distribution of the meridians that "lie between the flesh and the body, and are not visible in the depths". Many branches in the twelve meridians of "Lingshu Meridians" were added to realize a complex meridian network system that connects the inside and outside, and the top and bottom. This kind of setting is the product of the influence of the Han Dynasty's philosophical thought of "correspondence between heaven and man".
In addition, the author also feels deeply confused and worried about the experimental research on acupuncture. On the one hand, some of the meridians that have been handed down to this day are wrong due to various reasons, but the experimental results can still be obtained. support; on the other hand, there is nothing wrong with the ancient teachings, but experimental researchers cannot correctly understand them, and experiments designed based on one-sided and wrong understandings can also obtain positive results.
This book is a bit big, and it only summarizes one section of "Meridian Department". It is very professional. Since I am not a professional in acupuncture, I can only try it briefly, but my unique insights really make me enlightened. , I can’t help but sigh that this book is not only a must-read for those who practice acupuncture, but also all practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine, so that they can gain some detachment and understanding from the complex traditional Chinese medicine theory.
Finally, there is a story that comes to mind - Ye Gong loves dragons. Most practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine like to advocate the greatness of traditional Chinese medicine with great pride and pride. Their theories are thousands of years more advanced than Western medicine. However, if you know that the true nature of traditional Chinese medicine is not It’s so dazzling and even vulgar. Do you still love it so much? Thoughts after reading the syllabus 5
Teachers feel that there is not enough time. First of all, it is because children have learning difficulties. I have been thinking for many years about how to reduce the labor of children. Using practical skills as the basis for knowledge is only the beginning of the problem. The recording of knowledge and the retention of knowledge in memory are a continuation of this problem. I suggest every teacher: Please analyze the content of knowledge and clearly divide the knowledge that requires students to remember and keep it in memory for a long time. There are some "key" knowledge in the syllabus. The development of students' thinking and intelligence, and their ability to apply knowledge, depend on whether these "key" knowledge are solid. The teacher's ability to correctly identify this knowledge is therefore important. The "keys" mentioned here refer to important conclusions and generalizations, formulas, rules, theorems and regularities that reflect the characteristics of this discipline. With experienced teachers, students are equipped with special notebooks to copy the materials that must be memorized and firmly kept in memory
The more complex the materials that must be memorized, the more complex the materials must be kept in memory. The more generalizations, conclusions, and rules there are, the broader the "intellectual background" of the learning process should be.
In other words, for students to be able to memorize formulas, rules, conclusions and other generalizations firmly, they must read and think about a lot of material that does not require memorization. Reading should be closely linked to learning. Reading helps memorization if it allows us to think deeply about facts, phenomena, and things that form the basis for generalizations that should be retained in memory. This kind of reading can be called reading that creates the necessary intellectual background for learning and memorization. The more a student reads out of interest in the material itself, out of a desire to know, think, and understand, the easier it will be for him to memorize the material that must be memorized and retained in his memory. Taking into account this very important rule, I always grasp two sets of teaching syllabus in my actual work: the first set of syllabus refers to the materials that students must memorize and keep in their memory; the second set of syllabus refers to extracurricular syllabus Reading and other sources
Physics is one of the most difficult subjects to memorize and retain in memory, especially in grades 6-8. The syllabus for this stage of teaching contains a large number of concepts. I have taught this subject for 6 years, and I always try my best to match extracurricular reading with each new summary I learn. The more complex the concepts being learned at any given time, the more interesting and engaging the books I recommend for students to read should be. When teaching the current law part of the textbook, I collected a special book shelf for students to read individually during their extracurricular time. There are 55 kinds of books in this bookshelf, all of which are about natural phenomena, and the principles of these natural phenomena are related to the various electrical properties of matter.
I made the students more active in thinking. They asked me so many questions: What? How? Why? About 80% of all the questions they asked started with the word "why." There are many things they don't understand. The more things they don't understand about the world around them, the clearer their desire for knowledge becomes and the more sensitive they are to knowledge. The children simply "understood" everything I told them. When we first introduced the scientific concept that electric current is the flow of free electrons, we found that students had many questions about this complex physical phenomenon. However, the students seem to have formed a map of the world in their minds based on their reading and previous knowledge. My answer to these questions seems to be just using small building blocks and placing them in the blank spaces on the map. .
I taught biology in the upper grades for 3 years. This course contains a large number of theoretical concepts that are difficult to understand and therefore difficult to remember and retain in memory. When students first learn scientific concepts such as life, biology, heredity, metabolism, organisms, etc., I first select some (extracurricular) reading materials for them from science and popular science magazines, books, and pamphlets. This "second set of syllabus" includes reading such pamphlets, books and articles. Reading these materials stimulates students' great interest in a series of complex scientific issues and in new books. By studying biology, young students have aroused interest in the surrounding natural phenomena (especially various metabolic phenomena). The more questions my students ask, the deeper knowledge they gain. None of them received a rating lower than "four points"
I would like to advise all teachers: try your best to memorize, memorize and retain in the memory of the syllabus for your students. Textbook and create an intellectual background. Only when a student thinks can he master the material. Please think about how you can turn what you are learning now and what you are about to learn into something that students are willing to think about, analyze, and observe. Thoughts after reading the Outline 6
The second stage of reading "Outline of National History" has come to an end, and the jerky feeling of reading in the first stage has been reduced. At that time, it was quite confusing to read the traditional Chinese characters, but now it is connected with the context. My understanding is much better. It is possible that the content I read in the second stage does not span a large dynasty, so I no longer use Himalaya, but Du Niang still uses it. The speed of reading is still not fast, and the time adjustment is not good. This requires careful planning and squeezing out enough time to read carefully. But every year when the company is in the twelfth lunar month, I want to sleep when I squeeze out the time.
This stage looks at the Western Han Dynasty, Eastern Han Dynasty, Three Kingdoms, Five Hus and Sixteen Kingdoms. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, China, which had just been unified, began to fall apart again. The Western Han Dynasty lasted for 221 years from Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty to the death of Emperor Ping, and it took Wang Mang 18 years from regency to the founding of the dynasty and its demise. When Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty conquered the world, he "confessed kings with the same surname, and conferred meritorious officials as marquises." Therefore, the government was divided into four types of people. The first category of people were clan members, and the second category were marquises who were awarded military merits. The third category is the rich, who are elected as men and officials. The fourth is the miscellaneous path, that is, literature and Confucian scholars. After Wang Mang, the Han clan was revived and became the Eastern Han Dynasty, with thirteen emperors and a reign of one hundred and ninety-six years. The government during this period can be divided into two parts, one is the royal family and the other is the government. The royal family is divided into the royal family itself, relatives, and eunuchs. Most of the emperors of the Eastern Han Dynasty ascended the throne in childhood, died in infancy, or had no heirs. Therefore, multiple queens came to the throne. Behind the queens were a large group of relatives, and eunuchs also gained status due to the division between the royal family and the government. Without centripetal force and only caring about one's own group interests, this will not last long. So the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu were established. Wei, with the exception of Cao Cao, who was later named Emperor Wu of Wei, reigned among the five emperors for forty-six years.
Shu, in forty-three years, conquered the two emperors Liu Bei and Liu Chan. Wu, Sun Quan, and the four great emperors were fifty-nine years old. "Sima Zhao's heart is known to all passers-by." The usurpation of the throne was successful. Sixteen years after taking the throne, he destroyed Wu and completed a great unification. In the fifty-two years of the reign of the Five Emperors, the corruption of aristocratic families, the rebellion of Jian Nanfeng and the Eight Kings, and the Qi of the Western Jin Dynasty Gradually disperse. The Jin Dynasty moved its capital to Nanjing, which was known as the Eastern Jin Dynasty in history. It was 104 years after the eleventh emperor. When they moved eastward, their clothes also followed them across the south. China in the north fell into chaos and was divided into the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms, which lasted for 136 years. As the Eastern Jin Dynasty became increasingly depressed, the family status gradually grew, the Jin Dynasty fell apart, and the Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen Dynasties were collectively called the Southern Dynasties. At this time, after experiencing the long-term turmoil of the Wuhu, the north also found a new opportunity for revival. The Northern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi, and Northern Zhou were combined into the Northern Dynasties. Counting all the way, my mood is still ups and downs. "In the old days, the king's swallow in front of the hall flew into the homes of ordinary people." I still feel infinite emotion.
During this period, the way for Chinese scholars to enter officialdom went through two stages, and they were slowly moving towards the imperial examination system. The first is the imperial examination system. The two major ways to become an official in the Eastern Han Dynasty were through local imperial examination and imperial examination, and the other was through government recruitment. Local police officers range from virtuous, upright, eloquent and eloquent people to those who are filial and honest. During the reign of Emperor Wen, "filial piety, power, and honest officials" were the most popular in my heart. The levy system was established. The emperor personally recruited "levies" and the treatment was extremely high. Pi". The nine-rank Zhongzheng system is the method for officials with nine ranks proposed by Wei Shangshu Chen Qun. The imperial court entrusts ministers to employ people, and the ministers entrust them with important responsibilities according to the levels determined by Zhongzheng Quan. The state has a large Zhongzheng, the central official is part-time, the county has a small Zhongzheng, the small Zhongzheng gives an evaluation based on what he knows, and the Dazhongzheng determines promotion or dismissal based on the evaluation. Comparing Zhongzheng and Chaju: The power of Chaju lies with local officials, and under the Zhongzheng system, it is concentrated in the central government; the Chaju system is only the preliminary stage for scholars to enter officialdom, and the promotion and demotion of official positions in the future depends on the character of Zhongzheng. Talents and grades can be determined, and there are other examination methods after becoming an official. The nine-grade Zhongzheng system is followed by the Chao system, and the imperial examination system has been in existence for four hundred years. Later, he closely followed the imperial examination system. At the time, each system of recruiting talents was considered to be in line with the social selection standards of the time, but in the end they became tools of political parties, forming parties for personal gain, building up their own relationships, and pursuing self-interested activities under the banner of recruiting talents.
"The strong wind blows and the clouds fly." The heroic ambition of Han Emperor Gaozu also highlights the importance this dynasty attached to culture. Jia Yi first put forward several major items of the Western Han Dynasty's central government's cultural thoughts: restraining the kingdoms, defending the Xiongnu, educating the prince, respecting ministers, elaborating Yang culture and education, and transferring customs. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty came to the throne and was determined to reform. Dong Zhongshu, a leading figure, took an important step to establish a doctorate in the Five Classics to specialize in history and politics. Although he did not directly participate in actual politics, he still had his own opinions and gradually played a role; the establishment of a doctorate for doctors The number of disciples, who are rated at fifty, can become an official; the system for the governor of the county and state to inspect and promote subordinate officials; it is prohibited for officials to engage in business concurrently; it breaks the practice of conferring titles and worshiping prime ministers. Confucianism among the people generally developed, and the number of Ph.D. disciples increased day by day. In this cycle, a family line was formed, which later became the concept of "double monarch". After the big families of the main gate moved eastward with the Jin Dynasty, they occupied land at will and inherited it hereditary. The aristocratic sons had no worries about the near future and no worries about the future, and they indulged their ambitions as they pleased. The small families who stayed in the north had to establish relationships with Wuhu in order to survive, rely on their own talents to survive, and maintain their sobriety and fighting spirit. Comparing the two, it is clear who wins and who loses.
I forgot about it, that’s the current state. Thanks to the fact that I check in every day so I can review it. Otherwise, I would have really remembered a book title after one round.
come on! come on!