South Korea heard that Qin likes to make waves, so it intends to make Qin's national strength tired and stop him from conquering South Korea. So he sent water conservancy experts to lobby the State of Qin to dig and open a canal from Shaanxi to Xuankou, which is more than 300 miles long and can be used to irrigate fields. Halfway through the canal digging project, Qin realized that it was a trick of South Korea, so he wanted to kill Zheng. Zheng Guo said: "I was a spy at the beginning, but after the canal was dug, it will also be good for your state of Qin." Qin thought Zheng's words were good, so he ordered to continue digging ditches. After the completion of the canal, more than 40 thousand hectares of saline-alkali land will be irrigated with the water accumulated in the canal, and the harvest per mu will be 1 hour. As a result, the fields in Guanzhong turned into fertile fields, and there was no disaster year. From then on, Qin became rich and strong, and finally annexed those vassal States. Therefore, Qin named the canal.
2. Classical Chinese translation of the book of remonstrance and expulsion: Both the royal family and ministers of the State of Qin said to the King of Qin: "Most people from vassal States came to the State of Qin just to lobby their monarchs to alienate each other in the State of Qin. Please order the expulsion of all foreign guests. "
At that time, Reese was also excluded from the nomination. So he wrote to the king of Qin: "I heard that officials are discussing the expulsion of Ke Qing's family. I personally think it is inappropriate."
Once upon a time, I asked for a scholar, and I joined the army in the west, and I got Prissy in the east, Jian Shu in the Song State, and I got a public praise in the Jin State. None of these five people grew up in Qin, but Mu Gong reused them. As a result, 20 small countries were annexed, and Qin dominated Xirong.
Xiao Gong carried out Shang Yang's political reform, which changed the backward customs of Qin State. As a result, the people became rich, the country became rich and powerful, the people were willing to serve the country, and the vassal States obeyed. He also defeated the army of Chu and Wei, seized thousands of miles of land, and still ruled firmly. King Hui of Qin adopted Zhang Yi's Lian Heng plan to capture Luoyang. It annexed Ba and Shu to the west, Shang Jun to the north, Hanzhong to the south, and swallowed the land of Jiuyi to control the State of Chu. Occupy dangerous Hulao Pass in the east, and occupy fertile land.
So it disintegrated the six-nation alliance and made all six countries submit to the western state of Qin, which has continued to this day. He got a fan, abolished Hou, expelled Hua Yangjun, strengthened and consolidated the power of the royal family, blocked the situation of monopoly of politics by powerful people, gradually embezzled the governors and made Qin emperor.
These four monarchs were all successful because of the appointment of Keqing. From this point of view, which guests are sorry for Qin? If these four monarchs keep people away, close their doors and alienate foreign countries, they will not be able to make Qin rich and strong, and Qin will not have a strong reputation.
Now the beautiful jade that your majesty sent to Kunshan includes a pearl to accompany Hou and a piece of jade that is harmonious. The clothes are decorated with pearls as bright as the moon, wearing a Tai 'a sword, riding a rare detached horse, standing a flag decorated with jade feathers, and showing a good drum covered with giant salamander skin. None of these precious things were made by Qin, but your majesty likes them very much. Why? If it must be produced in Qin state before it can be used, then this luminous Baoyu will never become the decoration of Qin court; Articles carved with rhinoceros horn and ivory will not become your majesty's playthings; Women who can sing and dance well by Zheng and Wei will not fill your majesty's harem; Famous horses in the north will never enrich your stable; Suk Kim in the south of the Yangtze River will not be used by your majesty, nor will painters in the west of Sichuan be used as decorations.
If these things are used to decorate the harem, serve concubines widely, and are pleasing to the ear, and can only be used if the State of Qin grows and produces, then the hairpins inlaid with precious stones, jade pendants on the ears, silk clothes and gorgeous decorations will not be presented to your majesty; Those enchanting beauties who are leisurely and elegant and can do as the Romans do will not stand beside your majesty. Knocking on the earth, tapping the mustache and playing the piano, and singing in the dark are really authentic music of Qin State. The music of Zheng and Wei Sang, and Wu Xiang can be regarded as foreign music.
Now, your majesty has given up the authentic music of Qin, replaced Qin Zheng with the sweet voices of Zheng and Wei, and wanted Zhao Yu instead. Why? Isn't it because foreign music can meet the needs of eyes and ears? Now, however, your majesty is not like this to his servants. He didn't ask if he was free. Regardless of merits and demerits, those who are not Qin will leave, and those who are not Qin will be driven away. Doing so shows that your majesty only values jade tune; What they despise is the people.
This is not the way to control the world and subdue the princes! When I was young, I studied Reese's masterpiece "The Book of Departure", and I was amazed to see his talent and literary thoughts. The book of remonstrance and expulsion is really clever.
In order to weaken Qin's national strength and curb Qin's eastward expansion, North Korea Zheng persuaded Qin Wang to build water conservancy (later), which is called "Qin's exhaustion strategy" in history. When the canal was built, the plan of tiring Qin was discovered, and the king of Qin was furious and wanted to expel all non-Qin people, including "tourists" who defected from six countries.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, for the sake of "autumn of lobbyists", the vassals recruited as many as "three thousand men and women" in order to dominate the world or protect their territory. As a result, talented people wandered around and worked for their princes. The so-called "a scholar dies for a bosom friend." The "excellent scholar" system initiated the so-called talent flow in China.
Li Si is one of them. He was originally a "Chu Shangcai" who defected to the State of Qin as an official, and was also deported. In order to persuade the king of Qin to take back his life, Reese wrote a letter to remonstrate the expulsion.
In "The Book of Departing Guests", on the one hand, Lisi listed the historical contributions of tourists to the State of Qin and left a deep impression on the King of Qin, saying that "Qin became the emperor ... with the help of guests. From this perspective, why did the visiting team lose to Qin Zi "; On the other hand, by analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of staying and expelling guests, we can understand the advantages and disadvantages. "Abandoning customers and investing in the enemy, harming the people and benefiting the enemy, and blaming the princes from the inside out, seeking the country without danger, can not be obtained."
Among them, there are many famous sentences, such as "the husband's things are not produced in Qin, but how valuable they are;" Scholars are not born in Qin, but are willing to be loyal. " "Make the four kings a guest, not a guest, and a scholar, but not a guest, then the country will be rich and Qiang Qin will have nothing" and so on. The king of Qin was deeply moved after reading it. He immediately abolished the marching orders, restored Reese's official position, reused it, took its strategy, and finally unified the whole country.
From this point of view, Li Siwen is a talented person, an advocate and strategist of Legalism. He assisted Qin Shihuang in unifying the whole country, ranking third. Arguably, his achievements should be the highest in all previous dynasties, and it seems that he can be on an equal footing with Duke Zhou and Zhao Gong, which is admirable. Later, when I was in college, I read historical records and read Biography of Reese, only to know that the idea of admiring Reese was all wet, and I couldn't help sighing.
In Sima Qian's historical records, Reese is actually just a snob. Li Si helped Qin Shihuang complete his imperial career, but his misdeeds were full of stains and spots, which was absolutely unforgivable for the destruction of China's culture and system.
Although he was eventually framed by Zhao Gao for remonstrance and executed by Qin Ershi, a dissolute and extravagant man-"five punishments" and "beheading Xianyang City"-his death was self-inflicted, because the "severe punishment" he suffered when he died was exactly what he had built before his death.
3. Why did Qin establish its base in Guanzhong? In order to unify the whole country, we must strengthen our own economic strength. Therefore, it is urgent to develop irrigation and water conservancy in Guanzhong to increase grain output.
South Korea, which is adjacent to the east of Qin Dynasty, regards Zheng Guo, who is good at building water conservancy projects, as a spy and sends him to the State of Qin to lobby the State of Qin to build a large irrigation canal between Shuijing and Luoshui (a tributary of Beiluoshui and Weishui). On the surface, it can develop Qin agriculture, and the real purpose is to exhaust Qin's strength.
The king of Qin originally wanted to develop the water conservancy of Qin, so he quickly adopted this tempting suggestion, immediately gathered a lot of manpower and material resources, and appointed Zheng to preside over the project. During the construction process, the plot of "tired Qin" in South Korea was exposed, and the king of Qin was furious and wanted to kill Zheng.
He said, "I became a minister, but it was also beneficial to Qin." For several years, I owe my life to Yan Han, but I will always owe my life to Qin Jian.
Qin Guo is a far-sighted politician. He thinks Zheng's words are very reasonable. In addition, the hydraulic technology of Qin was still relatively backward at that time, and Zheng was also needed technically, so Zheng was still reused. After more than ten years' efforts, the whole canal was built, which is called Zheng Guoqu.
The role of Zheng Guoqu lies not only in its irrigation efficiency of 100, but also in its pioneering practice of diverting water from Jingxing, which has a far-reaching impact on future generations.
4. "Historical Records of the River Canal" Volume 29 "The Seventh Summer of the River Canal" Cloud: Yuping was flooded for thirteen years, and he didn't get started at home, lifting cars on land, lifting boats on water, dancing in the mud, and acting as a bridge on the mountain.
Say goodbye to Kyushu, follow the mountains and rivers, and pay tribute to the soil. Through Kyushu, Kitazawa and Jiusan.
However, the river overflows, especially to China. Do what you want.
The old river accumulates stones and crosses Longmen. South to Huayin, east to Shizhu, and Jin Meng, Luoling, as for Dabei.
So Yu thought that the river had been high and the water was fast, and it was difficult to level the ground, which was a defeat, so he used the second canal to divert water from the river. As for the mainland, it is broadcast as nine rivers, facing the river and entering the Bohai Sea.
Nine rivers are sparse, nine rivers are sprinkled, summer loves peace, and merits are applied for three generations. Afterwards, the southeast of Xingyang River is naturally divided into Song, Zheng, Chen, Cai, Cao, Wei, and Ji, Ru, Huai and Si.
In Chu, it is connected to the fields of Hanshui and Yunmeng in the west, to the valley between Jianghuai and Wuyu in the east, and to the three rivers and five lakes. When you are in Qi State, you can be associated with the economy.
Therefore, Shu keeps the ice chisel away from the cymbals, but it is harmful to foam water; The second river across Chengdu. This canal can be used for boating, and the extra immersion irrigation is beneficial to the people.
As for what happened, it is often cited that the water cover is used to irrigate the fields, which is trillions, but this is not enough. Ximen Bao drew water to irrigate its forces to enrich Wei Hanoi.
But Korean's enthusiasm for Qin stopped him, and he didn't want to March eastward. It made water conservancy engineers talk about Qin, and made the water cut off from the mouth of Shanxi Province as a canal and injected into more than 300 miles in northern Shandong Province, hoping to irrigate the fields. I feel that Qin wants to kill Zheng.
He said, "I became a minister, but it was also beneficial to Qin." Qin thought so, and he made a ditch.
Fill the canal with water, irrigate more than 40 thousand hectares of brine, and earn one mu. So Guan Zhong is Woye, and there is no fierce year. Qin became rich and powerful, and he died and became a vassal, so he was named.
In the thirty-ninth year of the Han Dynasty, Xiaowenhe set jujube, and Jindi collapsed in the east, which was a great waste. More than forty years later, Jinzi is in the light, the river is determined by the scorpion, and the southeast is filled with Juye, which connects Huai and Si.
So the son of heaven told Ji An and Zheng Dangshi to stop doing things and rehabilitate them. At that time, Wu 'an was waiting for Tian Fen to be prime minister, and he was guarding the city.
Living in Hebei, the river is fixed and there is no water in the south, and the city receives more. The rumor said above: "the decision of a river is a matter of heaven." It is not easy to force by manpower, and it is not necessary to stop it. "
And those who look at gas and use it are also convinced. So the son of heaven is not complicated for a long time.
At that time, Zheng Dang, a big farmer, said: "In different times, Cao Su in Kanto started from the middle reaches of the Weihe River and ended in June, but Cao Shui Road was more than 900 miles long, and there were difficulties from time to time. Lead the Weihe River through the canal from Chang 'an to Nanshan.
To more than three hundred miles, easy to Cao, the degree can make the March; However, more than 10,000 hectares of civilian fields under the canal can be irrigated: this saves soldiers in the canal, but benefits the land in Guanzhong and harvests the valley. It is pointed out in the table of "Tianzi made man with water" that tens of thousands of people wear grass canals and walk at the age of three.
Yes, there is water, which is very convenient. It has more hands, and people under the canal can irrigate the fields.
Later, Hedong Shoufan said: "Cao Cong, from east to west, has been more than one million years, and is even more restricted by the mainstay. He suffered many defeats and was in trouble. Cross-canal irrigation of Shi and Fenyin, and irrigation of Fenyin and Puban with the river can get 5,000 hectares.
Five thousand hectares of land were abandoned by rivers, and people ate grass. Now, if you irrigate the fields, you can get more than 2 million stones in the valley. The valley starts from the Weihe River, which is no different from Guanzhong, but the east of the column cannot be reclaimed. The son of heaven thought so, and tens of thousands of people were killed as Qutian.
A few years old, the river moved, the canal was unfavorable, and farmers could not afford seeds. For a long time, the irrigation of the East Canal field was abandoned and given to Yue people, which made Shaofu think it was a little bit.
Later, he wrote to Zhang Tang, an ancient imperial envoy, to talk about praise and channel. When Tang asked him, he said, "I went to Shu and took the old road, so I walked a lot and went back a long way."
Today, it's nearly 400 miles across the slope, Osaka is few, the water is clear, and the sloping waterway is muddy, so it's feasible to ship. Cao Cao entered the Zanshui River from Nanyang to an incline, traveling for more than a hundred miles, turning around and descending from the incline.
In this way, the governance of the Valley of China can make Shandong infinite and convenient as a mainstay. He also praised the compassion of Xie Muzhu Arrow, which was sought by Bashu. "
The son of heaven thought so, worshiped Shangzi as the guardian of Hanzhong, and sent tens of thousands of people to praise the ramp for more than 500 miles. The fruit of the Tao is near, and the rushing water can't wash away the stone.
Later, Xiong Zhuang said, "Linjin people are willing to cross Luoyi to irrigate more than 10,000 hectares of old bittern east of Chongquan. Honest water can make ten stones per mu.
So he crossed the canal for more than 10,000 people who died and led Luoshui to the foot of Shang Yan Mountain. The bank collapsed in the open caisson, with a depth of more than 40 feet.
It is often a well, and the bottom is connected with water. The water is absolutely beautiful, all the way to the mountains in the east.
The birth of the well canal began from now on. Longtou Canal is named after the keel that spans the canal.
For more than ten years, the canal has been quite smooth, but it has not been spared. He was killed by a river and is now in his twenties, but he has not been on the list for many years, especially in the land of Liang Chu.
The son of heaven has closed the temple and visited the mountains and rivers, and will dry up next year. When this day came, Renji and Guo Chang sent tens of thousands of people to stop the battle.
So the son of heaven has used Wan Li sand, and there is a river on the surface, and Shen Bai Ma Yubi is in the river, so that ministers from officials to generals have received salaries to fill the river. At that time, Dong Jun burned grass, so there was little firewood. Bamboo in Xia Qi Garden was considered the best.
The son of heaven decided on the river, lamenting his success, but wrote a song saying, "What can I do if you decide on the river?" Hao Hao is a river! You can't be peaceful for the river, and you can't be peaceful without a job. My mountain overflows in Ping Ye, and the fish boils in winter.
The road is relaxed from the normal flow, and the dragon swims far and wide. Back in old Sichuan, I am a god, and I don't know the outside world! Feel sorry for me, herb. Why heartless? I'm worried about us! My voice is floating and my eyes are full, but if I don't go against it for a long time, my water will slow down. "
One said: the river soup is slow and slow, and the pollution in the north is difficult to cross. Herb Xu Xi paid his subordinates.
Wage is not a crime of defending people, burning depression is a problem of how to resist water! The destroyed forests, bamboos, stones and publicity rooms are full of happiness. "So he put the scorpion in and built a palace on it, called Fang Xuan Palace.
The second canal on the north side of the road restores the old traces of Yu, and the land of Liang Chu restores Ning without flood. ? After that, it is natural that users argue about water conservancy.
Shuofang, Xihe, Hexi and Sprinkler all lead rivers and valleys to irrigate fields; Guanzhong auxiliary canal, the coffin led to block water; Shunting Runan and Jiujiang; The East China Sea has aroused great concern; Water diversion from Mount Tai to Wenshui: All fields are irrigated through canals, and each area is above 1 10,000 hectares. Those who cross the mountain with a small canal cannot speak of it.
However, all his works are in the publicity room. ? Taishi Gong said: Yu Nan went to Lushan Mountain to see Jiujiang in Yu Shu. As for Huiji Tai Huang, he went to Gusu to see the five lakes. Looking east at Luoling, Dabei, Linjiang, Shanghuai, Siwei, Hebei and Canal; West stretch Minshan and its departure; From Longmen in the north to Shuofang.
Yue: What a pity! Water is interesting! I began to announce the house with a negative salary and write irrigation books with the sadness of Zanzi's poems. Figure "class="ikqb_img_alink " >。