1, Liang Shu, heather, Tongdian, old Tang book, new Tang book written as "fangs repair";
2. Continuation of Biography of Monks and Detention of Ronato is called "Ji Jiaxiu"
3. Sui Shu's Biography of Songkhla and Biography of Northern History of Songkhla are regarded as "Suixu";
4. Xuanzang's "The Story of Samadhi Kingdom in the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty" is written as "Gamoranga";
5. The Biography of the Great Monk in the Western Regions of Datang was written as Langjia Garrison and Langjia;
6. "Lang Jia Shu" in "The Biography of South China Sea Returning to Inner France";
7. "Lingya Four Schools" in Zhufanzhi of Song Dynasty:
8. Yuan's Story of the Island was written as "Dragon Tooth and Rhinoceros Horn";
9. In the Ming Dynasty, the fourteenth chart of Zheng He's nautical chart was regarded as the "wolf west plus". Historically, scholars were not very sure about the geographical location of Langya Xiu.
Liang Shu, one of the twenty-four histories of China, has the earliest geographical record of Langya Show in the world: "Its boundary is 30 days from east to west and 20 days from north to south, reaching 24,000 miles in Guangzhou."
From the end of 19 to the beginning of the 20th century, many scholars, such as Zou, pelliot, made various inferences about the geographical location of Langya Mountain, with different opinions.
The following are different statements at that time:
1, Dutch Grueneveldt (English: W.P Groeneveldt) collected various documents about Nanyang in China and translated them into English. 1876 Published the English version of Documentary of Nanyang Islands. This book was first published in Batavia, but it was mistaken for "Lanka" as the ancient capital of Ceylon.
2. William W. Rockhill, an American sinologist, thinks that repairing the spike is the "dragon's tooth and rhinoceros horn" in A Brief Introduction to the Island Reef, but mistakenly thinks that it is the dragon's tooth (Langkawi) in Zheng He's nautical chart.
3. Chilia (English: Gerinl), a British scholar, proved that it was Kah Langkaciu (English: Kahlangkaciu) in the Gulf of Siam, but it was not accepted by most people;
4. The French sinologist Buriot pointed out that the fangs were restored in today's Rilai Mountain (Malay: gunung jerai); At that time, Buriot did not know about Lengkasuka in Ode to the History of Java, but restored Lankasuka according to the Chinese character "Lingyaska" in Zhufanzhi.
5. Ding Qian, a scholar from China in the late Qing Dynasty, severed his fingers in Pattani, Kelantan and Xiaganu in Malay Peninsula;
6. Feng said that this is mainly in the Malay Peninsula;
7. Zou Daijun, a geographer in China in the late Qing Dynasty, refers to Borneo;
8. Japanese Kuwata Rokuro refers to Dagang;
9. Professor Xu, a Singaporean literary historian, pointed out that it was near Peng Chun, Thailand;
10, the map made by Paul whitley (English) is equivalent to Pattani and Gulantan;
Until Fujita Toyohachi, a Japanese scholar, wrote a book "A Study of Langya Xiukao", he made textual research on the "Dragon-toothed rhinoceros horn" in Shi Ma Yi Zhi Lue, and pointed out that "Dragon-toothed rhinoceros horn" was Liang Shu's "Langya calligrapher", the biography of eminent monks in the western regions of the Tang Dynasty seeking dharma and the biography of the South China Sea returning to the interior, and the "Lingya temple master" in all kinds of lost records. At this point, the dragon's teeth and rhinoceros horn, the wolf's teeth and the wolf's west are all Langasuka, which have been widely accepted by Chinese and foreign academic circles and almost come to the conclusion:
1, Su Jinao researched the geographical location of Langya Xiu according to the records of "Biography of Seeking Monks in the Western Regions of Datang" and the records of various fans, and thought that pelliot and William W. Rockhill were all wrong, and Fujita Toyohachi's Pattani was correct.
2. The Chinese Academy of Sciences verified 500 names of Zheng He's nautical charts by Academician Xiang Da. Xiangda: "Wolf Xijia ... should be wolf tooth Xijia, which is opposite to Langkasuka, which is big mud." Mud is another name for Pattani.
3. In Zhufanzhi, Yang Bowen added a national clause to Lingya Temple: "The Ear of Liang Shu, the Ear of Sui Shu, the Ridge of Zhunan Camel Biography, Shilin Guangji as the home of Lingasuka, and Shimayi's slightly dragon teeth and rhinoceros horn are all quoted from Ode to the History of Java.
4. j·v· Mills, a British scholar, has defined Wolesika most accurately so far: "Langkasuka, in the east and northeast of Pattani, is east longitude1018'.
5. Mills: "The rhinoceros horn with dragon teeth is Langkasuka."
6. On the basis of predecessors' research results, Mills restored more than 700 place names in Zheng He's nautical charts and drew them as 1433 China and South Asia. According to the map, Langkasuka is about1018' east longitude and 6 48' north latitude.
Although historians have concluded that nirvana in fire is located in Pattani, the birthplace and territorial changes of nirvana in fire are still controversial.
The following are two inferences about Langya Xiu's birthplace and territorial changes:
1. Langya was founded in modern Kedah, Malaysia, and later developed to Pattani, Thailand.
2. The country established by Langya is Liu Kun (English: Ligor) in modern Thailand, which was founded by Jimi people and later annexed to the territory of the ancient red soil country in the southern part of Chittagong, Malaysia. Malays later moved to Langya Xiu, and the territory finally developed to Pattani. Historians have summarized various documents and theories and sorted out the historical features of Langya Xiu as follows:
1 century later, when Indians conducted colonial activities in Chittagong, they established Langya Show. From Liang Xiao to Sui Dynasty in China, that is, in the 6th century, Langya Xiu's territory spanned the northern part of Malay Peninsula, including the glass market in Malaysia, Kelantan, Kedah, Songkhla and Pattani in Thailand. Its political centers are the famous Gulo, Songkhla, Jieta, Jietuo, Kira and Ji Tuo. , are famous for the capital. Its power reached its peak in the 6th and 7th centuries. After the 7th century, its territory in Kedah was gradually replaced by the Jetta State (English: Kedah) established in the same place. "
Since the 8th century, the capital of Langya Xiuguo has been controlled by the death of Sri Lanka, the note of South India, and later Siam and Boyi of Manchu. When China entered the Song and Yuan Dynasties, due to the development of shipping in China, the economy of the east coast of Malay Peninsula was improved, so the repair of Langya flourished. The country of Langya still existed until the Ming Dynasty, and its territory seemed to be confined to a corner of Pattani, which was the "langxi A" in Zheng He's nautical chart.