The nine internal organs were first proposed in the Huangdi Neijing.
1. The origin of the concept of nine internal organs
The concept of nine internal organs can be traced back to ancient times. It was proposed by Bian Que, a physician during the Warring States Period. The theory of "five internal organs" gradually developed into "six internal organs" and "six internal organs". Medical theories such as "Seven Apertures", "Eight Winds" and "Eight Desolations", and "Nine Internal Organs" appeared in the "Huangdi Neijing".
The nine internal organs refer to the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, stomach, large intestine, small intestine and bladder, collectively called the "nine internal organs".
Nine viscera: the collective name of the five viscera and the four viscera. "Su Wen·San Bu Jiu Hou Lun": "Therefore, there are five divine organs and four physical organs, which are combined into nine internal organs." The divine organs refer to the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, and kidneys, and the physical organs refer to the stomach, large intestine, small intestine, and bladder. .
"The four internal organs" refers to those that contain tangible objects. There are four internal organs, namely the stomach, large intestine, small intestine and bladder, because "all of them are impure" ("Difficult Sutra: Thirty-five Difficulties") ");
"The Five Divine Organs" refers to the sacred organs that store invisible Qi. There are five namely the liver, heart, spleen, lungs, and kidneys. Wang Bing's note: "The so-called Shen Zang means that the liver stores the soul, the heart stores the spirit, the spleen stores the mind, the lungs store the soul, and the kidneys store the will. All of them are filled with divine energy, so it is said that there are five types of Shen Zang.
< p>Gao Shizong's "Su Wen Zhi Jie": "The four internal organs are the bladder, the small intestine, the stomach, and the large intestine. Therefore, there are things that contain the shape, so it is called the shape. The five divine organs are the liver, heart, spleen, lungs and kidneys, so they store invisible qi, so they are called gods. ”2. The names and functions of the nine internal organs
The "Huangdi Neijing" believes that the human body has nine internal organs, including liver, heart, spleen, lungs, kidneys, and gallbladder. , stomach, small intestine, large intestine. Each organ corresponds to the five elements and essence, and plays a different regulatory and management role.
3. Functional relationship of the nine internal organs.
In addition to their respective functions, the nine internal organs are interconnected and form a close regulatory system. Taking the liver and spleen as an example, the liver governs dispersion and the spleen governs transportation and transformation. The two cooperate with each other to regulate the transportation of qi and blood and the balance of metabolism.
4. Modern medicine’s interpretation of the concept of the nine internal organs
Modern medicine has re-understood and interpreted the concept of the nine internal organs, believing that it is not only an empirical medical theory, but also a reflection of the It has improved TCM’s understanding of human anatomy, physiology, pathology, etc. The concept of the Nine Zangs is of great significance to promoting the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine and exploring the resources of traditional Chinese medicine.
In short, the introduction of the "Huangdi Neijing" has enriched the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. It allows us to better understand the relationship between human tissues and organs, and provides us with guidance for research and treatment of various diseases.