Cultural heritage is a precious and non-renewable resource. With the trend of economic globalization and the acceleration of modernization, the cultural ecology of China is undergoing tremendous changes, and the cultural heritage and its living environment are seriously threatened. Many historical and cultural cities (blocks, villages and towns), ancient buildings, ancient sites and scenic spots have been destroyed. Illegal trade in cultural relics, illegal excavation of ancient sites and tombs, and smuggling of cultural relics have not been effectively curbed in some areas, and a large number of precious cultural relics have been lost abroad. Due to over-exploitation and unreasonable utilization, many important cultural heritages have died out or been lost. In areas where ethnic minorities live in compact communities and cultural relics are relatively abundant, the disappearance of ethnic or regional cultural characteristics has accelerated due to changes in people's living environment and conditions. Therefore, strengthening the protection of historical and cultural heritage is imminent and more realistic and urgent. Local people's governments at all levels and relevant departments should fully understand the importance of protecting cultural heritage from the perspective of being responsible for the country and history and safeguarding national cultural security, further enhance their sense of responsibility and urgency, and earnestly do a good job in protecting historical and cultural heritage.