The origin of 0 1 bamboo book
The bamboo script was compiled in the second year of Taikang in Jin Dynasty (28 1). When a grave robber dug a tomb of the Warring States in Jixian County (now Weihui City, Henan Province), he accidentally found many bamboo slips and threw them all over the floor.
After the villagers found it, they reported it to the government, and a large number of ancient books were unearthed. Bamboo Records is one of them. Later, after analysis, I realized that this is a chronological general history written by historians of Jin State in the Spring and Autumn Period and Wei State in the Warring States Period, which is of great historical value to the study of pre-Qin history.
Contents and editions of bamboo books
The content of bamboo chronicles is very simple, and it can't be compared with history books. Most of the contents are the same. However, it is this short history that shocked the hearts of the world.
Some contents in Bamboo Book completely subverted the image of saints advocated by Confucianism, such as avoiding Yao, starting an army to kill foreigners, and exiled Shang Wang Taijia by Yi Yin.
However, bamboo books can be divided into ancient and modern versions, and many reasons that undermine the above three views may come from future generations.
According to the Book of Jin? Volume 5 1 Biography 2 1? Shu Xi records thirteen ancient books unearthed by Jin Taikang in the second year, compiled by year, followed by Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Jin and Wei Dynasties. After the relocation of Ping and Dong Wang, the calendar year was Jin, and after three points of Jin, the calendar year was Wei, which lasted for twenty years.
Why did bamboo books die out in Song Dynasty?
Bamboo calligraphy was lost in the Song Dynasty, because Confucianism was orthodox Chinese studies at that time. Bamboo calligraphy is regarded as heresy and doomed to be destroyed. In the preface to "Villages and Towns in Jizhong and Jinian" written by You Zhu in Qing Dynasty, it is pointed out sharply:? Scholars are obsessed with what they have learned, and make good use of Taishi Gongshu and the legends of Han scholars, so they no longer study it, but it is different. More than 600 years, but the book is dead. ? Why is this happening?
1) The monarch abdicated
The demise advocated by Confucianism is a model of courtesy and plays a decisive role in the Confucian ethical system. However, the bamboo book directly overthrew it completely, pointing out that there was no abdication at all, just grabbing. Of course, this record comes from modern bamboo books, because ancient bamboo books began in the Xia Dynasty.
2) Loyal officials and auxiliary governments
Yi Yin, the founding hero of Shang Dynasty, set an example in Confucian ancient books to clear the name of the young master. Tai Jia was imprisoned in the Children's Palace by Yi Yin for disobeying the king, and was later rehabilitated. Yi Yin welcomed him back to the capital.
However, the bamboo book records the opposite. Yi Yin exiled Tai Jia to stand on his own feet. Two years later, Tai Jia fled back to Wang Du from the same palace, killed Yi Yin, and restored the throne, but he was generous to Yi Yin's two sons.
One is loyal minister Kuang Fu monarch; One is that the courtiers usurped the throne, and the monarch endured humiliation and returned to the throne, but was kind to his descendants. Two different versions surprised the world. Which is true or false? I really don't recognize it.
However, we can clearly see that behind these two statements, it is a challenge to the benevolent government and the rule of courtesy advocated by Confucianism and Taoism. Both the subversion of Zen in the present edition and the destruction of Yi Yin's loyal minister image in the ancient edition are the total negation of the Confucian model figures such as Emperor Shun and Yi Yin.
What Zhushu wants to convey is that the benevolent government like Confucianism does not exist at all, but it is just a means to confuse people.
As for these two things, I still have doubts about bamboo books.
1) The record of abdication comes from the current bamboo book version. Why did future generations forge this passage?
First of all, is this to echo Yi Yin in Xia Dynasty? In order to tell the world, there is neither such a kind gentleman nor such a loyal minister.
Yao and Shun don't scratch the rafters, and Mao Zi doesn't scratch them. They eat dirt and drink dirt. Although there is door supervision, it does not stop there. Jade chisels the dragon gate, opens the summer, sets the river and pavilion the water, and releases the sea. I'm not tired of his self-control and gaskin's hairless. ? Those who do things that are expensive in the world have to indulge their extreme desires, emphasize the law and dare not do anything wrong in order to control the sea. Fu Yu, the master of Xia Dynasty, was the son of heaven, and was poor, so he was partial to the people. What is the law?
Secondly, the Five Emperors lead by example and often take the lead. Did they waste the throne to take the lead in suffering? At this point, I still beg to differ.
2) If Yi Yin is not a wise minister, Confucianism can take Duke Zhou as a model of loyal minister and erase Yi Yin from Confucian books. Why leave something to others?
Zhu Shu's record of Duke Zhou is exactly the same as other Confucian classics. Why should Confucianism take this risk?
In addition, I found that many records in Historical Records are obviously different from Zuozhuan, but unexpectedly consistent with Zhushu. Therefore, I personally think that Sima Qian may have read or consulted the history books of these countries. He made his own judgment based on the historical materials at hand, that is, the description in Historical Records. It's a pity that later generations accidentally got that information, and then got the treasure, published the world, and denied all opinions.