Chinese local opera
Introduction
Local opera
Chinese opera has a long history and is a unique dramatic art in the world. Due to China's vast territory, numerous ethnic groups and different dialects, in addition to Peking Opera, there are also rich and colorful local operas. According to statistics, China has more than 300 local operas all over the country, which can be said to be the most in the world. Among them, Kun Opera, Ping Opera, Cantonese Opera, Huai Opera, Yue Opera, Yu Opera, Huangmei Opera, etc. have greater influence.
Kun Opera
Kun Opera is an ancient opera in my country. It was formed around the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty. It was formed in the Kunshan area of ??Jiangsu Province and is also known as "Kunshan Tune". . Wei Liangfu, an outstanding opera musician during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, carried out major reforms in Kunshan opera. He absorbed various singing styles of southern operas, melodic singing methods of northern operas of the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, as well as folk ditties from the south of the Yangtze River and other artistic elements to create a soft and euphemistic "Shuimo tune". Liang Chenyu, a playwright at the same time as Xuan, wrote the play "Huan Sha Ji" specifically for Kunshan dialect. After its performance, it caused a sensation in Jiangnan and quickly became popular throughout the country. At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Kun Opera once flourished and became more artistically refined and perfect, becoming a nationally acclaimed opera genre. By the Qianlong period, the art of Kunqu Opera was plundered by the ruling class, and its content tended to be palace-oriented, so that it became divorced from the masses and gradually declined. On the eve of liberation, it was on the verge of dying. After liberation, Kun Opera was in the script. libretto. The singing and other aspects have been reformed to make it easier to understand. In 1956, the Kunsu Opera Troupe of Zhejiang Province went to Beijing and successfully performed "Fifteen Guan", which caused a sensation across the country. In 1957, according to the instructions of Premier Zhou, the Northern Kunqu Opera Theater was established. Kunqu Opera, an ancient opera, has regained its artistic youth. Pingju Opera Liu Qiaoer Xinfengxia
Pingju Opera: Originated in Tangshan, Hebei Province, it is a local opera popular in Beijing, Tianjin, North China, and Northeast China. It was originally developed on the basis of Hebei folk rap "Lotus Falls", and successively absorbed the music and performance forms of other operas and folk rap, forming Ping Opera in the late Qing Dynasty. Ping Opera is lively, free and full of life, and is good at performing modern life. Famous actors include Xiaobai Yushuang, Xin Fengxia, etc., and representative plays include "Qin Xianglian", "Little Son-in-law", "Liu Qiaoer", etc.
Cantonese Opera
Cantonese Opera is the main opera type in Guangdong Province and is mainly popular in Guangdong, Guangxi and southern Fujian. Cantonese opera is also very popular among overseas Chinese, Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao in Southeast Asia, America, Europe and Oceania. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, many Chinese opera types spread to Guangdong. The voices of these opera types were combined with Guangdong music and folk tunes, and gradually formed a new type of opera - Cantonese Opera. Youth Repertory Jade Dragonfly
Cantonese opera is sung in Cantonese dialect, forming its own unique style. Famous actors include Hongxian Nu, Ma Shiteng, etc., and representative plays include "Sou Shuyuan" and "Guan Hanqing".
Yue Opera
Yue Opera: Originated in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, where the ancient Yue Kingdom was located, it is the main local opera in Zhejiang Province and is popular in Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Anhui and other places. Yue Opera was formed in the late Qing Dynasty. Initially, it was performed by male actors. In the 1930s, it developed into performed by female actors. Yue Opera has euphemistic singing and delicate and lyrical performances. It has become a major opera type second only to Peking Opera. Famous actors include Yuan Xuefen, Wang Wenjuan, Xu Yulan, etc., and representative plays include "A Dream of Red Mansions", "Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai", etc.
Henan Opera
Henan Opera Chang Xiangyu
Henan Opera: It is the main local opera in Henan Province. It is also called Henan Bangzi and Henan High-profile. It is popular in Henan and neighboring provinces. It has a history of more than three hundred years. The voices of Henan opera range from high-pitched and lively to sad and lingering. It can perform various styles of plays. There are more than 650 traditional plays and it has developed into a type of opera with national influence. Famous actors include Chang Xiangyu, Niu Decao, etc. Representative plays include "Mu Guiying Takes Command", "The Matchmaker", "The Seventh Grade Sesame Official", "Mulan", "Chaoyanggou" and so on.
Huangmei Opera
Yan Fengying’s The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl
Huangmei Opera: It is one of the local operas in Anhui Province. It was called Huangmei Diao in the old days and is mainly popular in Anhui, Jiangxi and Hubei. some areas. Huangmei Opera originated from the tea-picking songs of Huangmei in Hubei. After it was introduced to Anqing, Anhui, it absorbed local folk music and developed into this opera type. Huangmei Opera features singing and dancing, with euphemistic and melodious singing, simple and graceful performances, and a rich flavor of life. It has been widely welcomed by people. Famous actors include Yan Fengying, Wang Shaofang, Ma Lan, etc., and the traditional plays performed include "The Fairy's Match", "The Consort", "The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl", etc.
Shanghai Opera
Shanghai Opera: It is a local opera type in Shanghai and belongs to the Tanhuang system in Wu dialect area. Shanghai Opera originated from "Little Folk Song". In order to distinguish it from other Tanhuangs such as Sutan and Yongtan who sang in Shanghai, it is called local Tanhuang and Shentan Shidiao, or "Bentan" for short. In 1914, Shao Wenbin, Shi Lanting, Ding Shaolan and others initiated the organization "Zhenxin Ji" to improve the beach and changed its name to "Shenqu". In 1941, the "Shanghai Hu Opera Society" was established and began to rename Shenqu as "Shanghai Opera". Excellent plays include "Luohan Qian", "Ludang Fire", "The Encounter of a Star", etc. One of the representative works of Huai Opera: The Story of Teeth
Huai Opera
Huai Opera: also known as Jianghuai Opera, it is popular in Jiangsu, Shanghai and parts of Anhui.
The language of Huai opera is a stage language formed through dramatization based on the dialect of today's Jianhu County. In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, Mentan, a form of rap developed from folk chants, field songs, and rice-planting tunes, became popular in Yanfu (Yancheng and Funing) and Qinghuaibao (Huai'an and Baoying) areas in Jiangsu. The lyrics are in the form of one person singing alone or two people singing in duet, with only bamboo boards beating the verses. Later, it was combined with the folk incense opera in northern Jiangsu to honor the gods, and it was called Jiangbei Xiaoxi. Later, influenced by Anhui Opera and Peking Opera, Huai Opera was gradually enriched in terms of singing, performance and repertoire, forming Huai Opera. The great Huai Opera plays in the old days include "Seventy-Two Records of Nine Lotuses and Thirteen Heroes", and representative works include "The Golden Dragon and the Mayfly", "Eight Girls Throwing into the River", "Eternal Han Fei", "The Mute Girl's Complaint" and "The Story of Grudges" by Shanghuai , "Nine Pieces of Clothes", "Tooth Marks", "Meng Lijun", "Lanqi Gege", "The Edge of the Cabinet", "Strange Marriage", "A River of Spring Water Flows East", "Ten Grade Village Officials" , "Sunflower", "Promise", etc.
Lv Opera
Lv Opera: It is a local opera in Shandong Province, China. It used to be called "Cosmetic Yangqin" or "Dulcimer Opera", which evolved from the folk rap art "Shandong Yangqin". Chizhou Nuo Opera
Hebei Bangzi
Hebei Bangzi: originally named "Zhili Bangzi", later Zhili Province was renamed Hebei Province, and then the name was changed. It originated from the bangzi system of Shaanxi Qin Opera. Around the middle of the Qing Dynasty, Bangzi from Puzhou, Shanxi, flowed into Hebei and gradually evolved. It was very popular in Beijing in the late Qing Dynasty. Later, Bangzi and Pihuang performed on the same stage, communicating and absorbing each other, which made Bangzi become more and more artistically complete. After Beijing's Zhili Bangzi absorbed the essence of Pihuang, it was also called "Beijing Bangzi". After the Revolution of 1911, many outstanding bangzi actresses emerged one after another, bringing a new aspect to the bangzi opera and causing great changes in its singing and music. When Hebei Bangzi became popular, it was most popular among the people in North and Northeast my country, especially in central and northern Hebei, Beijing and Tianjin. The singing style of Hebei Bangzi is high-pitched, passionate, vigorous and upright. It mainly includes Adagio, Erliu, Liushui, Pointed Ban, Crying Ban, Counter Tune, etc., as well as nearly a hundred tunes used for stage accompaniment.
Chizhou Nuo Opera
Chizhou Nuo Opera: Originated from the consciousness of totem worship, it is mainly spread in Guichi, Shitai and Qingyang counties with a radius of 100 kilometers at the foot of Jiuhua Mountain, the holy land of Buddhism in China. (District), especially concentrated in dozens of families with big surnames in Liujie, Meijie, Maotan and other towns in Guichi District, Chizhou City. According to historical records, "a village cannot be complete without Nuo". It has no professional troupes and professional artists. It still uses the clan as the performance unit, with the purpose of worshiping ancestors, exorcising evil spirits and bringing good fortune, entertaining gods and ancestors, and wearing masks as a performance feature. Chizhou Nuo opera includes "Nuo ritual", "Nuo dance" and "Nuo opera". The entire "main opera" performs the "original opera" which has dramatic plots, performance procedures, roles, roles, stage decoration and other opera characteristics. It relies on the method of "oral transmission and heart teaching", which is passed down from generation to generation. The "Spring Festival" and "Autumn Festival" are performed every year. The "Spring Festival" is held from the seventh to the fifteenth day of the first month of the lunar calendar every year. The "Autumn Festival" is held on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month and is not usually performed. Chizhou Nuo opera has accumulated and precipitated a lot of cultural information in various historical periods from ancient times to modern times, involving multiple disciplines and fields, with very rich connotations, hiding broad and profound cultural connotations and extremely high cultural anthropology, drama, and religious studies. , fine arts, history, archeology and folklore and other academic research values, it still maintains the simple and rugged original style. It is the oldest and most important folk ritual in China, the cultural symbol with the most national characteristics in China, and the oldest and most important cultural symbol in my country. One of the "oldest and most complete" ancient operas. The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 20, 2006, Chizhou Nuo Opera was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists.
Edit this paragraph’s overview of opera types
Beijing—Kun Opera, Beijing Opera and Yue Opera
Tianjin—Pingju Opera Shanghai—Yue Opera, Kun Opera, Shanghai Opera, and Huai Opera Burlesque , drama, children's drama, puppet and shadow play Jiangsu - Kun Opera, Huai Opera, Yang Opera, Xi Opera, Su Opera Hebei - Ping Opera, Hebei Bangzi, Silk Strings, Old Tune Haha Tune, Luan Tan, Ping Tune Luo Zi, Duo Opera, Tang Opera, Wu'an Nuo Opera Longyao Yangko Opera, Dingzhou Yangko Opera, Tangshan Shadow Puppet Show, Jinan Shadow Puppet Show, Shanxi-Jin Opera, Beilu Bangzi Opera, Pu Opera, Playing Children with Shangdang Bangzi, Two-person Stage, Gong and Drum Opera Wanwanqiang, Shuozhou Yangko Opera, Fanzhi Yangge Opera, Xiaoyi Shadow Play and Kunqu Opera
North Shanxi Dao Love Opera, Linxian Dao Love Opera, Luoluo Opera, Inner Mongolia - Duo Opera, Manhan Opera Liaoning - Ping Opera, Trumpet Opera, Liaonan Opera Fuzhou Shadow Play, Ling Opera Source Shadow Puppetry, Liaoxi Puppetry, Jilin - Ji Opera, Xincheng Opera, Huanglong Opera Heilongjiang - Longjiang Opera Shaanxi - Qinqiang, Wanwanqiang, Meihu, Han Diao Huanhuan Han Diao Erhuang, Shangluo Flower Drum, Xianban Qiang Hua County Shadow Puppetry, Huayin Laoqiang, Ah Gongqiang, Heyang Puppetry, Gansu - Long Opera, Dunhuang Opera, Huating Opera, Huanxian Daoqing Shadow Puppetry, Huangmei Opera
Ningxia - Huaer Opera, Qinghai ——Qinghai Pingxian Opera, Huangnan Tibetan Opera, Xinjiang—Ququ Opera Shandong—Lv Opera, Maoqiang Opera, Wuyin Opera, Liuqin Opera, Languan Opera, Yigou Gou Shandong Bangzi, Laiwu Bangzi, Liuzi Opera Henan—Henan Opera, Yue Opera Tune, Henan Quju, Wanbang Daping Tune, Taikang Daoqing, Daxian Opera Huaibang Tune, Siping Tune, Nanle Mulian Opera Huai Opera
Anhui - Huangmei Opera, Hui Opera, Lu Opera, Sizhou Opera Qingyang Opera, Chizhou Nuo Opera, Fengyang Flower Drum Opera, Yuexi Gao Opera, Huizhou Mulian Opera, Zhuozi Opera Zhejiang - Yue Opera, Wu Opera, Kun Opera, Shao Opera, Yong Opera, Xi'an Gao Opera, Songyang Gao Opera, Ou Opera, Xinchang Diao Opera, Ninghai Ping Tiao, Luantan Haining Shadow Puppet Show, Taishun Yaofa Puppet Show, Hu Opera Jiangxi-Gan Opera, Nanchang Tea Picking Opera, Gannan Tea Picking Opera Yiyang Opera, Qingyang Opera, Pingxiang Tea Picking Opera, Hui Opera, Ji'an Tea Picking Opera, Guangchang Meng Opera Yihuang Opera Duo
Fujian - Puxian Opera, Liyuan Opera, Gaojia Opera, Xiang Opera and Fujian Opera, Daqiang Opera, Siping Opera and Meilin Opera, Western Fujian and Han Opera, Beilu Opera, Quanzhou String Puppet Show, Jinjiang Bag Puppet Show and Zhangzhou Opera Bag Puppet Show Guangdong - Cantonese Opera, Teochew Opera, Zhengzi Opera, Guangdong Han Opera Xi Qin Opera, Meishan Shan Opera, Bai Zi Opera Huachao Opera, Lufeng Shadow Play Gaozhou Puppet Show, Chaozhou Iron Branch Puppet Show Taiwan - Gezi Opera Gezi Opera
< p> Hainan - Qiong Opera, Lingao Puppet Show Guangxi - Gui Opera, Cai Diao, Zhuang Opera, Guinan Tea Picking Opera Hunan - Kun Opera, Hunan Opera, Qi Opera, Chenhe Gaoqiang, Baling Opera, Hunan Flower Drum Opera, Shaoyang Bag Changde Gaoqiang Opera, Chenhe Mulian Opera, Jinghe Opera Dong Nuo Opera, Yuanling Chenzhou Nuo Opera Hubei - Han Opera, Chu Opera, Huangmei Opera, Jingzhou Flower Drum Opera, Jianghan Plain Shadow Play Sichuan - Sichuan Opera, Northern Sichuan Lantern Opera, Northern Sichuan Opera Puppet Show Chongqing - Sichuan Opera, Liangshan Lantern Opera Yunnan - Yunnan Lantern Opera (Yuxi Lantern Opera) Sichuan OperaDian Opera, Bai Opera, Dai Opera, Yi Opera Guizhou - Guizhou Opera, Sinan Lantern Opera , Dejiang Nuotang Opera Buyi Opera, Yi Tuotaiji Opera, Dong Opera Anshun Di Opera, Shiqian Puppet Show Tibet - Tibetan Opera, Shannan Menba Opera