How celebrities read
Love of reading is a common characteristic of many great people. These people have explored, summarized and formed unique reading methods that suit their own style during their long reading careers. These methods play an important role in inspiring middle school students to learn effective reading methods.
1． Mao Zedong's reading method
Mao Zedong cherished time throughout his life and read a lot of books. Among them, "three complexes and four warms" reading and "no writing and no reading" are his main reading methods. In his youth, he was familiar with ancient books such as "Historical Records" and "Hanshu", and kept revisiting them; even in his later years, he also read the same history books he loved repeatedly, and once read the book once and marked it on the cover. He had the habit of marking the last circle, so in many of the books he read, he left circle marks that he had read twice or three times. When Mao Zedong was studying in his youth, he had the habit of "reading more, thinking more, writing more, and asking more". His writing is mostly expressed in extracting content, marking important places with symbols such as circles, bars, and dots, making comments, writing reading diaries, and correcting mistakes in the original book.
2． Lu Xun's reading method
Lu Xun formed his own unique reading method based on his extensive reading. The first is general reading. He advocates learning from many sources and taking advantage of their strengths, and advocates "looking through them casually" during leisure time. The second is to look hard. For the more difficult to understand required reading, read on until you understand it thoroughly. The third is specialization. He advocates taking a "broad survey" as the basis, and then choosing one or more subjects you like and studying them in depth. Otherwise, even if you read a lot, you will still accomplish nothing. The fourth is living reading. Lu Xun advocated that when reading, you should think independently, pay attention to observation and attach importance to practice. He said: "There are disadvantages to studying exclusively, so you must get in touch with society to make the books you read come alive." He also advocated using "one's own eyes to read this living book in the world." The fifth is reading. When Lu Xun read, he not only read selected works, but also read biographies and special collections of authors in order to understand his era and status, thereby deepening his understanding of the works.
3． Su Buqing's reading method
The famous mathematician Su Buqing advocates reading more and more intensively. When he reads, he usually reads roughly for the first time, and gradually deepens his understanding the second and third times. This is how he read "A Dream of Red Mansions", "Journey to the West", and "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms". He likes "Liao Zhai" the most and has read it countless times. At first, he didn't understand some things and had nowhere to look them up. He continued to read and explained, and then gradually deepened his understanding after reading again. This is how Su Buqing reads math books. He always thinks and does exercises while reading. By the last time of reading, he has finished all the questions. He believes that you don’t have to read too much, you have to read carefully. Only when you know the advantages, disadvantages and mistakes of the book can you read it well and thoroughly.
4． Hua Luogeng's reading method
Hua Luogeng is a mathematician who grew up through hard self-study. His reading method is unique.
Lay the foundation with slow kungfu. After graduating from junior high school, Hua Luogeng studied high school content by himself. He first laid a solid foundation with slow work, and then gradually accelerated the progress. It took him five or six years to complete the high school content by himself. Due to his solid studies, he was offered the main course of research not long after arriving at Tsinghua University.
"Thick and thin" method. Hua Luogeng attributed the reading process to two stages: "from thick to thin" and "from thin to thick". When you truly have a thorough understanding of the content of the book, grasp the main points of the book, and master the spiritual essence of the book, reading will change from thick to thin. The more thoroughly you understand, the thinner it will feel. If during the reading process, you conduct an in-depth discussion of each chapter, add annotations and supplement reference materials on each page, then the book will become thicker and thicker as you read it. Therefore, reading is a two-way process from thick to thin, and from thin to thick.
Infer ideas. After getting a book, Hua Luogeng first thought about the title for a moment, and then began to close his eyes and think about what he should do if he did this topic himself. Once you have everything figured out, start reading. He quickly skimmed through all the content he already knew, focusing on the new and unique viewpoints in the book. In this way, Hua Luogeng benefited a lot from learning from others' strengths.
5. Wang Zikun's reading method
The mathematician Wang Zikun's reading method is also very stylish. The first is the copying method. When Wang Zikun was in middle school, he would visit the library whenever he had time after finishing his homework. He couldn't bear to return the good book after borrowing it, but he couldn't buy it and couldn't afford it, so he made up his mind to copy the book. Copying, he thought it was still affordable. He successively copied "Advanced English Law" written by Lin Yutang, "English Encyclopedia" in English, and "Sun Tzu's Art of War". He couldn't put it down this book, so he copied two copies in one sitting. Wang Zikun believes that people only know the pain of copying books but do not know the benefits of copying books. If you don't see everything after copying, it is better to read it ten times. The second is to seek quick methods while being slow. He believes that the first one or two chapters of a book are usually the key to the whole book, because each subject has specific research objects and special terms and symbols, such as plane geometry to study the properties of triangles, circles and other figures, and elementary algebra. It mainly studies algebraic operations. Therefore, patiently study the first one or two chapters and initially master the thinking methods of this subject, so that you will be interested in reading further. After he gets a book, he always reads it very slowly at first. While reading, he takes notes, does exercises, thinks about it, does calculations, reads it carefully, and pays attention to it. He starts slowly and then quickly, and seeks speed while slowing down.
6. Tanaka Kakuei's "tear-up book" reading method
Tanaka Kakuei, who once served as Prime Minister of Japan, lost the opportunity to study systematically after attending high school due to his poor family in his early years. During his part-time study, he paid great attention to his reading methods. In order to exercise his memory, he recited the "Concise English Dictionary" and the Japanese dictionary "Guangcilin" page by page. The method he used was to tear off one page at a time and throw it away when he was familiar with it. This developed his extraordinary memory.
7. Einstein’s three-step reading method of “summarization, division, and integration”
The so-called summary is to first form an overall impression of the whole book. On the basis of browsing the general information such as the preface, postscript, and afterwords, read the table of contents carefully to gain a general understanding of the structure, system, clues, content, and key points of the book.
The so-called analysis means to skim the full text page by page but not word by word based on the "overall" understanding. When skimming, pay special attention to the key points, main points, and content closely related to your needs in the book.
The so-called combination means to organize and systematize the impressions obtained after skimming the whole book, so that the ideas and materials can be organically combined. After careful thinking and synthesis, the internal connections of the whole book can be clarified to achieve the purpose of summarizing, deepening and improving.
8. Jack. London's "wolf-style" reading method
American writer Jack London has gone through hardships and cherished the opportunity to read. When he encounters a book, he doesn't use a small sled to secretly pick its lock and steal every bit of its content. Instead, like a hungry wolf, he sinks his teeth into the throat of the book, ferociously sucks out all its blood, and swallows it whole. Take off its flesh and chew its bones! Until all the fiber and sinew of that book became a part of him.
9. Somerset Maugham's "Fun" Reading Method
The British writer Maugham put forward the idea of ??"reading for fun". He said: "I don't advise you to read. Read one book after another. For myself, I find that it is more reasonable to read five or six books at the same time, because we cannot maintain the same mood every day, and even within a day. You must have the same enthusiasm for a book."
10. Yang Zhenning's "penetration" reading method
Professor Yang Zhenning believes that since knowledge penetrates and expands each other, mastering knowledge The method should also be adapted to this. When we concentrate on studying a course or delving into a topic, if we consciously extend the tentacles of wisdom to adjacent areas of knowledge, we will definitely have a different artistic conception. If you are a link in those familiar knowledge chains, you are likely to get unexpected new discoveries. For those books on related majors, if time and energy allow, you might as well read them. It doesn’t matter if you don’t understand them for the time being. Some valuable revelations may be coming from the semi-passage. Adopting permeable learning methods will broaden our horizons, active thinking, and greatly improve the efficiency of learning.
11. Feng Yidai's method of "getting into the play"
Feng Yidai said: "When I read a book, whenever I see something good, I can't help but enter the 'character' in the book physically and mentally." . It's like an actor performing on stage, and when he gets the benefit of his performance, he can't help but be influenced by the 'role' he plays."
12. Yu Qiuyu’s “Friend-Afraid” Reading Method
Essayist Yu Qiuyu proposed: “We should strive to find ‘Friend-Afraid’ who are higher than ourselves, so that reading becomes a kind and expensive way. A lot of proactive mental activities. Try to limit reading levels that are basically the same as your own level, and be willing to accept the shaping of yourself by good books. There may be books of various levels in our bookshelves that are suitable for selection as intensive reading objects. , should not be books that we can look down and look at, but books that we need to look up to.
”