1. The ancient Chinese surnames include Ji, Jiang, Si, Gui, Yao, Hao, etc., all starting from the word "女", which also reflects that the surnames were originally produced in matrilineal clan society.
2. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the vassal states with their country names included Qi, Lu, Jin, Song, Zheng, Wu, Yue, Qin, Chu, Wei, Han, Zhao, Wei, Yan, and Chen , Cai, Cao, Hu, Xu, etc. have all become common surnames.
3. Those whose surnames are based on totems: bear, tiger, leopard, tiger, dragon, etc.; those whose surnames are based on country names: Qi, Chu, Han, Zhao, Qin, etc.; those whose surnames are based on their place of residence. : Ximen, Guo, Qiu, Yin, Chang;
4. Those whose surnames are based on official positions: Shangguan, Bu, Qian, Shi, Sima, etc.; those whose surnames are based on occupations: Zhang, Gu, Tu, Zhen , craftsman, etc.; those whose surnames are based on the names of mountains and rivers: Qiao, Ji, Jiang, Huang, Wu, etc.; those whose surnames were given by the emperor: Liu, Li, Zhao, Wanyan, Zhu, etc.; and those whose surnames are based on numbers, seasons, directions, climate, etc. Flowers, trees, etc. are the surnames.
Extended information:
The current situation of Chinese surnames:
The three largest surnames in the country are Li, Wang, and Zhang, accounting for 7.9% and 7.4% of the total population respectively. % and 7.1%. The total population of the three major surnames reaches 270 million, making them the three largest groups of people with the same surname in the world. This is based on the sampling data of the third census of the National Bureau of Statistics, based on equidistant sampling based on the proportion of the population in various places, and strictly in accordance with statistical principles to obtain this national surname data.
Among the 100 common surnames in contemporary China, 87% of the country’s population is concentrated. Among them, there are 19 surnames accounting for more than 1% of the national population, namely: Li, Wang, Zhang, Liu, Chen, Yang, Zhao, Huang, Zhou, Wu, Xu, Sun, Hu, Zhu, Gao, Lin, He , Guo and Ma. Historically, about half of China's population has been concentrated in these 19 people with the same surname.
In addition, the regional distribution of people with the same surname in China is also uneven. In the northern region, the surname Wang is the most common surname, accounting for approximately 9.9% of the population, followed by Li, Zhang, and Liu; in the southern region, the surname Chen is the most common surname, accounting for approximately 10.6% of the population, followed by Li, Huang, Lin and Zhang; in the Yangtze River Basin, a transitional area between north and south, the most common surname is Li, accounting for about 7% of the population, followed by Wang, Zhang, Chen and Liu.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Surnames
Baidu Encyclopedia - Ranking of Hundreds of Surnames