2.？ Generally divided into permanent, long-term and short-term. Permanent preservation means keeping it indefinitely for as long as possible. Long-term preservation generally means that files must be preserved for about 16 to 50 years; Short-term preservation generally refers to less than fifteen years. The latter two are called regular preservation. The calculation method of regular preservation generally starts from the second year after the file is generated, and some special files and special files can be counted from the date of their invalidation and closing. All documents determined to be kept regularly must be reviewed after the expiration of the preservation period. If it is found that it needs to be retained, it should be retained, some should be retained for a long time, and some should be retained permanently. The specific situation shall be subject to the detailed provisions of the local archives department.
Give you an introduction document, you can refer to it:
First,? meaning
State organs, social organizations and individuals engaged in political, military, economic, scientific, technical, cultural, religious and other activities directly formed with the preservation value of words, charts, audio-visual and other forms of historical records. Archives is one of the earliest documents in history and an important information category in modern society.
Second,? The origin of a word
Before the Ming Dynasty in China, there was no distinction between the names of archives and documents, including Dian, Juan, Ce, Han (provincial form of Juan), bamboo slips, documents, books, files, copywriting, case slips and so on. The word "archives" first appeared in the Qing Dynasty. In the 19th year of Kangxi (1680), it was recorded in Notes on Residence that Emperor Kangxi asked, "Mahara's father and uncle were not in the battle, but I also made meritorious deeds. What crime did he commit? " The college student said: "There is no file in the Ministry, so it is not allowed to discuss it in the Ministry when suing." Vencent Yang's "Liu Ji Bian lue", written in about forty-six years of Kangxi, explains the archives as follows: "Most out-of-bounds characters are written in wood, and communicators call it a brand, which makes logging like a brand; What has been stored for a long time is called a file, called a file, which has accumulated a lot of pimps hanging on the wall. " After entering the customs, it was written in paper, but it is customary to call the preserved documents "files" and "files". In the following laws and regulations, the usage of "document" and "file" is more clearly distinguished, and "writing document, storing file", "recording file" and "file copy" are used in many places. According to the original meaning of Chinese characters, "file" is a crossbar frame, which refers to the shelf for storing things; "Case" refers to something similar to a small table, which is expanded into a case file for handling events. "Archives", that is, documents stored on bookshelves, still have their image and internal significance, and are endowed with new scientific significance.
Third,? origin
There are always different opinions about the historical background and historical period of the initial emergence of archives. Among them, the more representative views are class social product theory and primitive social product theory, also known as social product theory. There are two main views on the theory of class social products:
①? With the emergence of classes and the formation of a country, in order to manage the country and mass production and conduct exchanges or wars between countries, the country needs written records as a tool for management and communication, so it invented writing. State organs use written records to record and convey various affairs, so they produce documents, which are preserved to form archives.
(2) It is believed that although there were characters before the country came into being, there was no social demand for people to save and use archives in primitive society. Only after the class came into being and the country was formed, did the country need to record its affairs and express the will of the ruling class in words, so as to produce documents and store files. The same argument of these two viewpoints is that they all think that the appearance of words and state organs becomes the prerequisite for the emergence of archives; The difference mainly lies in the time when the characters were produced and their differences in the relationship of file formation.