Ma Jun stuttered from childhood and was not good at talking.
But he likes thinking very much, is good at thinking, pays attention to practice at the same time, works hard, and especially likes to study mechanical problems. Ma Jun lived in poverty in his early years and lived in the countryside for a long time. He paid more attention to the reform of production tools and made outstanding contributions.
The birth of a new twill loom
China is the first country to produce silk products in the world. But the production efficiency was still very low at that time. Working people in our country gradually invented the simple twill loom in production practice. This silk loom has 120 treadmills. People use treadmills to manage it. It takes about two months to weave a filament. Later this twill loom was simplified many times. But in the Three Kingdoms, the loom with 50 warp is still 50 nie, and the loom with 60 warp is 60 nie, which is very clumsy. Ma Jun saw that the workers were tired and sweaty and the production efficiency was very low, so he made up his mind to improve the loom to reduce the workers' labor. So he went deep into the production process, studied the old twill loom carefully and redesigned a new twill loom. The new twill loom simplifies the pedal and transforms the moving parts (that is, the shedding moving parts). Ma Jun changed the original twill loom from 50 warp to 60 warp to 12 warp. After this improvement, the new jacquard loom is not only more exquisite, simpler and more applicable, but also the production efficiency is four or five times higher than the original one. Woven jacquard brocade patterns are peculiar and varied, which are welcomed by the vast number of silk weavers. The birth of the new silk loom was the earliest contribution of Ma Jun in his life, which greatly accelerated the development of the ancient silk weaving industry in China and laid the foundation for the handicraft weaving machine in China.
Creation of keel waterwheel
Before the irrigation of farmland by electric pumping was realized, keel waterwheels were widely used in many areas of China. Also known as rollover. It uses the gear principle to pump water, which is very easy to use. The application of waterwheels in China has a long history. Around the Eastern Han Dynasty, rollover appeared. According to ancient records, there was a man named Bilan who overturned at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, but the rollover at that time was still relatively rough, which should probably be said to be the predecessor of the keel waterwheel widely used in rural areas of China. It was not until the Three Kingdoms period that Ma Jun, a mechanical inventor, re-invented and created a new type of dumper, which was widely used, thus forming the official appearance of dumpers from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms period.
Ma Jun is a small official in Wei State and often lives in Luoyang, the capital. At that time, there was a big slope in Luoyang, which was very suitable for growing vegetables. People wanted to turn this land into a vegetable garden, but unfortunately, it was left idle because it could not be watered. Ma Jun took a look and made up his mind to solve the irrigation difficulties. So he used his brain mechanically again. After repeated research and experiments, he finally created a rollover, which led the water in the river up the slope and realized people's wishes for many years. The rollover created by Ma Jun was "a hundred times more skilled than usual" and it took very little time, even a child could overturn it. It can not only lift water, but also drain water when it rains and floods. It can be seen that there is a lot of progress and high efficiency. This dumper was one of the most advanced production tools in the world at that time. Since then, it has been used in rural areas of China for generations, and it has been playing a huge role until it is pumped by electric machinery.
Copy of compass car
Compass is a tool to tell the direction. Our ancestors invented the compass long ago. According to the legend in the ancient history of China, more than 4000 years ago, the Yellow Emperor fought against Chiyou, and Chiyou created a fog, so that his army was not defeated and the Yellow Emperor's army lost its way. Later, the Yellow Emperor made a compass to tell the direction, and finally defeated Chiyou. It is also said that 3000 years ago, the distant Shang Yue family (in present-day Viet Nam) sent special envoys to the Zhou Dynasty and lost their way. Duke Zhou then made a compass as a gift as a tool for pointing. Although these stories are legends, especially the fog of Chiyou, and even myths, the invention of China's south guide car is really a very long time ago. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Heng, a great scientist, created a compass by using pure mechanical structure. Unfortunately, Zhang Heng's method of making a compass has been lost.
In the Three Kingdoms period, people only knew the South Guide Car from the legend, but no one had seen it. At that time, Ma Jun, an official of Wei State, was interested in the legendary compass and was determined to rebuild it. However, some conservative people are skeptical when they know Ma Jun's determination. They don't believe that Ma Yue can build a compass. One day, in front of them, some officials had a heated debate about the Southern Compass and Ma Jun, and some of them often rode high and said, "It is said that there was a compass in ancient times, but the literature is insufficient, which is not enough." Just a casual remark. " Qin Lang, the general of Xiaoqi, echoed: "The ancient legends are not credible, and Confucius did not believe in things over three generations. I'm afraid there can't be any guide. " Ma Wei said; "In my humble opinion, there is likely to be a guide car in the past. The problem is that later generations have not studied it carefully. As far as the principle is concerned, it is not a great thing to build a compass. " Gao smiled contemptuously after hearing this. Qin Lang more shook his head. He mocked Ma Jun and said, "Your husband's surname is Jun, and his word is Deheng. Jun is the model of the appliance, and the scale can determine the weight of the item. If there is no certain standard for weight, can you make a model? " Ma Jun said, "What's the use of empty talk? Let's give it a try and then we'll know. " Later, they went to see Wei Mingdi (Cao Rui) together, and Ming Di ordered Ma Jun to make a compass. In the absence of data and models, Ma Jun conducted painstaking research and repeated experiments. Not long after, he finally made a south guide car by using the structural principle of differential gear. Facts speak louder than words, and Ma Jun successfully ended the argument with practical achievements. Ma Jun's south guide car, no matter how the chariot turned, was always guided by Woodenhead's fingers above, which attracted the admiration of Manchu ministers. Since then, "the world has served it skillfully." This fully embodies the spirit of Ma Jun who is willing to study hard, dare to think, dare to speak and dare to do.
"Water becomes a hundred plays" was successfully developed.
Ma Jun's research on transmission machinery is profound and his achievements are outstanding. The successful development of "Water Turn to Hundred Plays" is enough to illustrate this point.
On one occasion, someone gave Wei Mingdi a puppet show, which was quite exquisite in shape, but the puppet could only be placed there and could not be moved. Ming Di is very sorry. Ming Di asked Ma Jun, "Can you make these puppets move?" Ma Jun answered affirmatively: "Yes!" Ming Di ordered Ma Jun to reform it. It wasn't long before Ma Jun successfully created "Water turns into a hundred plays". He made the first wheel out of wood, which was driven by water to make it rotate, so that all the wooden figures on the upper floor moved. Some beat drums, some play flute, some dance, some play with swords, some ride horses, some hang upside down on ropes, and there are officials' offices. It's really endless. Moreover, these wooden dolls come in and out freely, and their movements are extremely complicated and ingenious, which is incomparable to the original puppet show. The successful development of "Water Changing into a Hundred Plays" should be said to be a very outstanding creation in China's ancient puppet art. Although it was played by feudal rulers, on the other hand, Ma Jun mastered and skillfully used the principles of water conservancy and mechanical transmission.
Military mechanical invention
Because Ma Jun has mastered military principles, there are also many inventions in the manufacture of military weapons. From historical documents, it can be proved that his profound research on weapon science is enough to compare with Zhuge Liang, a contemporary military scientist.
At that time, Wei and Shu often fought. Zhuge Liang, a great strategist in Shu, once invented a remote device-even crossbow, which can shoot arrows in succession at the beginning of the Northern Expedition. It can shoot dozens of arrows at a time, which is very powerful. Wei Jun was surprised to find on the battlefield. At that time, the old Ma Jun saw the crossbow and felt very good. He said: "This is a coincidence, but there are still some shortcomings. If we improve it again, the power can be increased by five times. " So he improved the crossbow, and the effect was very good.
In addition, Mayo redesigned a new siege weapon, the rotary catapult, on the basis of the original catapult used in the battle. The original stone car is like a big weight, with a bucket hanging at one end, which is full of large and small stones, and many ropes hanging at the other end. In the battle, the soldiers pulled the rope at one end together, and the stone at the other end quickly tilted, so that the stone was thrown out to attack the enemy. This kind of stone delivery vehicle has many shortcomings. It takes a while for each launch, and the effect is not great. Ma Jun's new rotary stone delivery vehicle overcomes these shortcomings. It uses a wooden wheel to hang the stone on it. In this way, when machinery is installed to drive the wheels to rotate quickly, large stones can be fired one after another, making it too late for the enemy to defend. Ma Jun once experimented with wheels, and he could shoot dozens of bricks in hundreds of steps (about 1.45 meters per step), which was quite powerful at that time.
Ma Jun has made many inventions in handicrafts, agriculture and military affairs. He was the best machinery manufacturer in the Three Kingdoms period. Even in the history of thousands of years in ancient China, he is rare, and he is called a master of machinery. At that time, a writer named Fu Xuan once praised him and said, "Mr. Ma, the name of the world, is unique." However, due to the corruption and decline of the feudal ruling class, many of Ma Su's inventions were ignored. His whole life, from youth to old age, has been frustrated. Although I used to be an official, my work was still obstructed and despised, and my skills have not developed smoothly. Although Fu Xuan, a writer, recommended him many times in Hou and Hou in Wei 'an Township, he was not taken seriously. Fu Xuan said with deep feelings: "Although Mr. Ma's cleverness is not as good as that of Lu Ban in ancient times, Mo Zhai and Zhang Heng in modern times, Zhang Heng and Ma Jun can be used as Mo Zhai, but they can't play their long life. This is the most sad thing." Fu Xuan's words revealed the fact that many inventors were buried in feudal society.
Although Ma Jun's contribution to mankind was not valued by feudal nobles, his invention was welcomed by working people. For thousands of years, his achievements and good name have been praised by the working people.