The Jin Dynasty invaded the Song Dynasty year after year, which consumed a lot of manpower and material resources and made the national strength even weaker. therewith
At the same time, a powerful Mongolia has appeared behind Kim. After many years, gold continued to rise.
Hit by the Mongols, I was unable to parry. In this way, Mongolia destroyed Xixia in 1226.
Later, in the fifth year of Song Shaoding (1232) and in February of 12, Song Shaoding sent troops to join forces with Song, proposing a joint attack with Song.
Jin and Song sent Zou to apply, and agreed to return Henan land to Song after the destruction of Jin.
After the alliance between Song and Mongolia, Song Shaoding was in the sixth year (Jin Tianxing was in the second year, 1233) and Meng was in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Mei invaded Dengzhou (now Henan) and Tang Zhou (now Tanghe) and defeated Jin Xian.
Yu zheshui. A tributary of Hanshui River, now Zhechuan. After Jin Aizong fled to Cai Zhou, in August, Mongolia made its capital Yuan.
Shuai was sent to Xiangyang and asked Song to attack Cai. In October, Song sent ten thousand chosen men.
Food and grass are 500,000 stones. Mongolia surrounded Taghachar soldiers in Cai Zhou and built a long siege against the Mongolian army. time
Ding Shoucheng, a citizen of Jin and Jin Dynasties, including a strong woman, wears men's clothes and transports large stones for self-defense. Jin aizong
Trying to break through failed, guarding the city again. Jin Tianxing three years (Mongolia Wokuo Tai Khan six years, Song Duan)
In the first month of the first year of Ping Dynasty, Mongolian and Song allied forces stormed Cai Zhou, Cai Zhou was in danger, and Jin Aizong was in danger.
I was so fat that I rode away. On the tenth day of the first month (1February 9, 234), I passed the throne to Marshal Zong Qin and Dong.
Wan Yan Cheng Lin is not the golden emperor. The entrance ceremony has just ended, Song Jun.
Has invaded Cheng Nan, Jin Aizong hanged himself and burned to death, and the Mongolian and Song allied forces captured Cai Zhou, but the emperor failed to do so.
Killed by mutinous soldiers, Kim died.
The failure of recovering Sanjing in the Southern Song Dynasty
After Mongolia joined hands with the Southern Song Dynasty to destroy the gold, Wokuotai Khan broke his word and returned Henan to the Song Dynasty.
Only one corner of the southeast of Chen and Cai returned to the Song Dynasty, where he served as the governor of Henan Road and the court of the Southern Song Dynasty.
After having to accept this change, the main force of the Mongolian army also returned to the north. Some officials in the Southern Song Dynasty
Member proposed to take advantage of Henan emptiness, send troops to defend the Yellow River, according to the collision (now Shaanxi), to recover the three wells.
(Kaifeng, Tokyo, Kaifeng, Henan; Xijing Henan Province, now Luoyang; Nanjing should be rich today.
Shangqiu South), seize the time to recover the Central Plains. This disregard for the strength of both sides has destroyed the points that have been reached.
The new agreement attempts to take advantage of the virtual situation to occupy Sanjing and force Mongolia to recognize the fait accompli.
It was opposed by many people of insight, but Song Lizong didn't listen and regained three.
Beijing, for the establishment of the world meritorious service.
In the first year of Song Duanping (six years of Khan in Wokuotai, Mongolia,1June 230), Wu Jin was just half.
In, the Southern Song Dynasty unilaterally recovered Sanjing without further consultation with Mongolia, and sent a letter to Luzhou.
The whole son led Huai Xi soldiers to Kaifeng, and Kaifeng Mongolia will kill the chief and surrender the Song Dynasty. The whole army is not hurt.
Zhao Kui, the envoy of Shuhu, Jinghu and Huaidong, led 50,000 troops from Huaixi to Kaifeng via Lingzhou.
Join hands and plan to attack Luoyang first and hit the customs. In July, Song Jun Pioneer arrived at the gates of Luoyang and captured Luoyang.
Defending emptiness, the people surrendered to the city, and Song Jun entered the city. The next day, the food ran out. Mongolian general
Su Butai rushed back to Luoyang from Shanzhou (now west of Sanmenxia) and defeated Song Jun's follow-up troops.
Song Jun competed in Yangcheng, which was a close match, but he had to quit because of lack of food. Quanzi Institute Zhao Kui
Most of the recovered counties are empty cities. Without the support of soldiers, the Mongolian army will definitely open the Yellow River.
When water was injected into Kaifeng, Song Jun drowned, and the others abandoned the city and returned to the south. The action of recovering Henan in the Southern Song Dynasty ended in failure.
Mongolia invaded Song Dynasty
After Mongolia destroyed the gold, it took the Southern Song Dynasty as its main target. In the twelfth year of the first year of Song Duanping.
In June, Mongolia sent envoys, accusing Song of breaking his promise and invading Song on the pretext of sending troops to Henan. Yesong
So I made some defensive preparations.
In the first month of the following year, Yugong in the Southern Song Dynasty was stationed in Xiangyang (now in the Jiangnan area of Xiangfan, Hubei Province) and divided into villages.
Fancheng (now the jiangbei part of Xiangfan), Tang Dynasty and Deng Dynasty, to prevent Mongols from invading the south.
In June, Mongolia decided to invade the Song Dynasty, and the soldiers invaded the south in three ways.
In July, the Mongols of West Road invaded Shu by Kuo Duan, the second son of Wokuotai. 1February, from
Fengzhou (east of Fengxian County, Shaanxi Province) took Mianzhou (now Lueyang) to encircle the Song Dynasty and make Zhao Yan stay in Shu.
Qingyeyuan north throat, Song Lizhou (now Guangyuan, Sichuan) garrison commander went to help and defeated Meng.
The ancient army later defeated the Mongols in the Jin Kui Army (now the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region) and led the troops to defend Fengzhou.
Xianrenguan in the southwest. In the third year of Duanping, 500,000 Mongolian soldiers invaded Hanzhong and Song Jun retreated.
This mountain extends from Shaanxi to Sichuan. In September of the same year, the army of Song Cao Youwen Army was defeated in Yang.
Guan Ping (now southwest of Hanzhong), Cao Youwen died. Mongolian soldiers marched into Shu, in January,
Chengdu, Lizhou and Tongzhou (now three stations) are all trapped. There is only one in West Shu, Kuizhou.
Road, and Shunqing House (now Nanchong, Sichuan) to which Tongchuan House Road belongs. Mongolia's marked army once
In the case of tenacious resistance, he marched straight into Weizhou (now Wenxian County, Gansu Province), and Zhizhou dealt with Liu.
Sharp refused to defend day and night, and fought fiercely for more than a month. After the city was broken, tens of thousands of soldiers and civilians died. Soon, Meng
After the death of the ancient prince, Kuo Duan temporarily retired.
In August of Song Jiaxi's 3rd year (the 11th year of Wokuotai Khan in Mongolia, 1239), Mongolia will go to Tahai.
He also led troops into Shu, taking (now Enshi, Hubei) and money (now Pengshui, Sichuan).
Huxiang, in the Song Dynasty, was coaxed to divide troops and defend the key pass in Gui Hu, but the Mongolian army could not advance eastward and was defeated in the east (now Hubei)
Song Jun then recovered Lingzhou.
In the first month of Song Duanping's third year, the Mongolian army invaded the south and encountered stubborn resistance, but Xiangyang
Song Jun came to Mongolia. In March, the Mongolian army fell into two states: Ying (now Hubei) and Jing (now Zhongxiang).
Door army (now Jingmen). In August, I was trapped in Zaoyang Army (now Zaoyang) and De 'an House (now Anlu). ten
In January, Kukuo, commander-in-chief of the Mongolian army, died in the army. Mutt, deputy commander of the Mongolian army, stopped the attack on Jiangling.
Meng Gong (now Hubei) came to the rescue and smashed the twenty-four walls of the Mongolian army. Song Meng Gong and Mongolia.
The ancient army fought fiercely in Xinyang (now Henan) and Guanghua Army (now danjiangkou city, Hubei).
All three wars won, so Fancheng and Xiangyang were recovered. After the Mongols invaded Zhang Rou in Song Dynasty, they didn't make much progress.
Exhibition.
In June of Song Duanping's second year, the Mongolian army on East Road was led by Wen Buhua and Cha Han.
South Jianghuai. In November, we attacked Huaixi salary (now Jinchun, Hubei) and Shu (now Buried Hill, Anhui).
Guangzhou (now Yanchuan County, Henan Province) was occupied in the Song Dynasty when it attacked (now Yizheng City, Jiangsu Province).
After the artillery ambush failed, they returned to the north. In October of the first year of Song Jiaxi, Mongolia attacked Huangzhou with a warm mouth.
(present-day Hubei) was defeated by reinforcements led by Song General Yu. Mongols turned to Anfeng (Jin 'an)
Hui Huoqiu), the Song Dynasty tried to stick to Du State, and Song Chizhou (Jin 'an Zhanchi) ruled Lu.
Wende led reinforcements to break through into the city and resist together, and the Mongolian army retreated. September of the following year, Mongolia
Chahan will lead an army of 80,000 troops to surround Luzhou, and the new Luzhou Shoujiang Du Guo will keep it and fight again.
By shelling and attacking, the Mongols lost again.
V (1241)11In the first year, Wokuotai died of illness. Mongolia's struggle for Khan's status
The controversy is fierce. Until the beginning of the eleventh year (125 1), Mongo continued after he inherited the Khan position.
Send troops to harass Jin Song. 1253, Emperor Kublai Khan and General Uriyangqatai marched into Yunnan.
Capture Dali. Since then, low-income people have been recruited to control the southwest, from the west? The southern song dynasty
Caused a situation of great encirclement.
In the spring of the fifth year of Song Blessing (1257), Mongolian Khan invaded the Song Dynasty on a large scale, and in February of the following year, since.
Forty thousand Mongols led the troops to the west road, claiming that 654.38 million invaded Shu, and the soldiers were divided into three ways. One tends to be Puguan (now southwest of Baoji, Shaanxi), and the other tends to be Micang.
Guan (now in southern Sichuan), the trend of a wine country (now in Shaanxi)
Yang). Mongo Khan and his men occupied the city and seized the land all the way. In the first year of Song Kaiqing (the ninth year of Monggol Khan in Mongolia,
1259) In the first month, he attacked Yushan in Hezhou (now Hechuan, Sichuan) (when Hezhou moved here in the Song Dynasty,
The three mountains face the river, and the city is built on the mountain. The defense is very strong. Wang Jian of the Song Dynasty killed the messenger who was invited to surrender.
Loyal opposition. In February, Mongolian Khan went to the fishing city to supervise the war, and Wang Jian went to battle, and the Mongolian army company.
The attack on may 1 day was unsuccessful and suffered heavy casualties. In late July, Mongohan was injured by siege and died of fishing.
At the foot of the mountain, the Mongolian army cleared the way.
Kublai Khan, the younger brother of Mongolian Khan, led the East Route Army to invade the south, and only crossed the Huaihe River in August, winning a great victory.
After crossing (now Hubei Dawu Northeast), it entered the north bank of the Yangtze River at the end of the month. On the first day of September, West Mongolia
The emissary sent by the Central Route Army arrived at Kublai Khan's barracks from Fishing Mountain in Hezhou and reported the death of Monge Khan.
The news came that Kublai Khan was invited to go north to inherit the Khan position, and Kublai Khan returned and decided to go north.
Before returning to China, we strengthened the attack on the Song Dynasty and achieved great results. Then cross the river from Yangluobao (now southwest of Xinzhou)
Jiang Sanren went hand in hand, and three defeated snipers reached the south bank and entered Ezhou (now Wu)
Han), Song Jun insisted on fighting, the Mongols failed to capture.
1 1 month, the Uriyangqatai branch of the Mongolian army has entered Guangxi from Yunnan, broken Hunan and launched an attack.
At the gate of Tanzhou (now Changsha, Hunan), Song Jun also met with stubborn resistance.
At this time, the Mongolian imperial clan plotted to seize Khan's position, and the situation was urgent. Kublai Khan's wife Cha will send a special envoy.
Chi arrived at Kublai Khan's army at the end of the same month, demanding that Kublai Khan immediately return to the north and seize the Khan position. Hubi
Meng immediately retreated to Qingshan Mao (now northeast of Wuhan) on the south bank of the Yangtze River, preparing to cross the river and return to the north, but
Threatened to March into Lin 'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty.
Jia Sidao, the right prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty who was bidding in Ezhou, sent an envoy to make peace with Kublai Khan.
It means to pay tribute and cede the land north of the Yangtze River. The Mongols set out soon, Kublai Khan ordered.
I went to Ezhou to negotiate, and when I saw the flag of the Mongolian army moving, I told the Mongolian ambassador to return to the north with the army.
The ancient envoy was negotiating with Song in Chengtou, Ezhou. When he saw the Mongolian flag moving, he immediately signed the secret.
After taking office, he was also ordered to return to the north, and Hubei and Tan were successively cleared.
Jia Sidao concealed the private order and pretended to defeat the Mongolian army, and Ezhou was cleared, so
And "re-creation", you will be promoted to a knight.
At the beginning of the following year (the first year of Song Dingjing 1260), Kublai Khan returned to Kaiping (now Inner Mongolia).
Guzheng Lanqidong), Mongolian minister advised, sweating. Acceded to the throne in April, the following year, said
The emperor. In May, the unified title was first established, and Hao Jing was appointed as Guo Xin's ambassador to the Song Dynasty, and
Seek the annual market. Jia Sidao was afraid that the secret of private peace talks would be exposed and ordered Huaidong to detain him.
Mongolia equates Hao Jing with Zhou Zhen. Jia Sidao cheated Mongolia and Song.
Take Mongolia, so that Hao Jing and others will not send out and will not prepare for defense? Will the border generals kill the children again?
Therefore, he was detained on a fabricated charge of dismissal or imprisonment. Liu Zheng, Song Xiao's envoy to Tongchuan,
Due to the need of border fees, the commander-in-chief of Shu was blocked in Xing and had doubts. He fell to Mongolia in June of the following year. seven
In June, Kublai Khan violated the contract by detaining Hao Jing, the envoy of the Song Dynasty, and sent a letter to invade the Song Dynasty, but he was busy suppressing it.
Neither the rebellion nor the invasion of the Song Dynasty made great progress.
The demise of the southern song dynasty
On November 15th (1271kloc-0/218), Kublai Khan changed it.
The number in Mongolian is yuan to show orthodoxy, and it is designed for it. In February of the following year, most of them moved to Daxing.
House (now Beijing).
As early as November in the third year of Xianchun (four years of Mongolian Zhiyuan, 1267), Liu Zheng "attacked".
Song raiders, appropriate to Xiangyang "(1). If Xiangyang is captured and the floating Han people enter the river, the Song Dynasty can perish. time
In July, Kublai Khan ordered Liu Zheng to cooperate with Asu to besiege Xiangyang, but Song flatly refused.
Keep it. In December of the fifth year of Xianchun, Song Jun continued to fight after the death of Lv Wende. Song xianchun nine years
(Ten years from Yuan to Yuan, 1273) In the first month, Fancheng fell after being besieged for four years. In February, Xiangyang in Song Dynasty
Lu was demoted to Yuan, and the five-year defense of Xiangfan came to an end.
After the Yuan Army occupied Xiangyang, it decided to slash the Song Dynasty in June of the following year and led the troops with Bo Yan.
He went to Zhongshu Province and was promoted to commander in chief. Join forces in Xiangyang and invade the Song Dynasty in three armies. seven
In June, he died of illness, and his son Zhao Xuan acceded to the throne at the age of 4, for Emperor Gong and Queen Li Zong, Xie Daoqing.
Listen to politics with the empress dowager.
At the beginning of the first year of Song Deyou (12 years from Yuan Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty, 1275), the Yuan army had gone down the river, and the Song Dynasty
All the cities along the river were defeated. In February, in the Song Dynasty, Jia Sidao took 2,500 warships and 7 soldiers.
In Dingjiazhou (now Guichi North, Anhui Province), against 10,000 Yuan troops, Bo Yan ordered the left and right cavalry to head for Jiajiang.
Once again, the guns were far away, Song Jun was defeated, and Jia Sidao fled to Yangzhou, Jiangdong and Huaixi.
Counties and counties have successively retreated.
In November of the same year, Bo Yan took Lin 'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, and Achan led the troops westward.
Lujun went out of Guangde from Jiankang, and Dong Wenbing from East Road led the boat master to Wangpu (now Haiyan South, Zhejiang);
Bo Yan rescued the army from the middle road and stationed in Lin 'an regularly.
Yuan army marched in and Song stayed in Changzhou for two months, in mid-November.
Ten days later, Changzhou was destroyed and countless people died. The neighboring cities are desperate and forced to Lin' an. The eighth day of the first month of the second year.
(1February 4, 276) Bo Yan entered Gaoting Mountain (now the northeast of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province) and was sent by Song Dynasty.
We should not only welcome surrender, but also preserve the Song Dynasty. The next day, Wen Tianxiang, who was diligent and anti-Yuan, was appointed as our envoy by the Song Dynasty.
Right Prime Minister and Special Envoy of the Tang Dynasty was ordered to negotiate with Bo Yan, and Wen Tianxiang was defeated because he insisted on not surrendering.
Military detention. On the fifth day of February, Emperor Gong surrendered in the Southern Song Dynasty. At the beginning of May, Emperor Gong and his biological mother, queen mother, etc.
Six-year-old Song Gongdi was sent to Dadu and demoted to Liu Guogong, which lasted for 19 years.
(i282) Moved to Shangdu (Kaiping Prefecture, now East of Zhenglan Banner in Inner Mongolia), and later became a monk in Yuan Zhi.
He died after three years of treatment (1s23).
From 1235, Wokuotai Khan fought against the Song Dynasty to 1276, Bo Yan entered Lin 'an in the Southern Song Dynasty.
It was about 40 years before Emperor Gong surrendered.
Excerpted from A General History of China.
Personal point of view: Because the Song Dynasty always put emphasis on literature over martial arts to suppress military commanders (due to Song Taizu's own mutiny), the tactical command was generally low (regardless of personal circumstances) (especially in the Northern Song Dynasty, there was a saying that there was a lack of generals in the Northern Song Dynasty and a lack of phase in the Southern Song Dynasty), and the policy of dividing troops has always formed the reality that soldiers do not know generals and generals will not know soldiers (which is also a measure to suppress the real power of military commanders). In addition, civil servants are generally in command, military commanders are generally deputies, and there are many command mistakes. In addition, the Song Dynasty was rich in economy and had a high standard of living. People are content with pleasure and lack of sense of hardship. Civil servants love money, but military commanders don't want to die (Yue Fei: civil servants don't love money, military commanders don't hesitate to die, and the world is safe)
Moreover, Mongolia is a nomadic people, rough and violent, and is in the era of cold weapons with rich combat experience all the year round. Cavalry is a terrible unit with high mobility and high combat effectiveness (the Eurasian whirlwind set off by Mongolian fighters is enough to prove it). Let's just say so much. Manual adoption is tiring!