1. Can you get pregnant if you step on a giant's footsteps?
In Historical Records of Zhou Benji, it is recorded how Hou Ji's mother Jiang gave birth to Hou Ji in the Zhou Dynasty. She once went to the wild and saw a giant's footprint on the ground. She liked it very much and stepped on it. As a result, her body felt very pregnant and she gave birth to Hou Ji. Hou Ji is a famous man in history. He is good at cultivating plants. He was an agricultural official during the Yao and Shun period, and later generations regarded him as a god of agriculture.
this story is widely circulated. According to historical records, the birth of the ancestor of almost every dynasty and every nation has a bizarre story that was born without sexual intercourse. For example, Lao Zi, an outstanding philosopher in ancient China, is said to have fallen from the sky by a meteor, which made his mother pregnant and gave birth to him. The birth of Qin's ancestor was also the result of his mother swallowing the "eggs of the mysterious birds": "Before Qin, the descendants of Emperor Zhuan Xu called their daughters, wove them, and the mysterious birds fell eggs, and the women swallowed them, giving birth to a great cause." Ancient books in the Qing Dynasty recorded the birth of Kuri Yongshun, the ancestor of Ai Xinjue Roche in the Qing Dynasty: Buddha Cullen, the goddess, once bathed in the pool under Changbai Mountain, ate the rice fruit from the god magpie, and became pregnant and gave birth to him. Even in religion, there are many such legends, for example, the virgin Mary gave birth to a child, and Sakyamuni's mother dreamed that a white elephant was conceived and conceived, and so on.
of course, these are myths. This myth that "all saints have no father and are born with a sense of heaven" has two meanings: first, it shows that these great men are endowed by heaven and are extraordinary, thus giving them a sacred and mysterious aura. Second, they are probably the product of group marriage and hybridization, but they don't know their father. It can be analyzed that Judie, Jiang and others were conceived at the time of worshipping Gao, and Gao was the mother of Gao, who was revered as the god in charge of men, women and reproduction in primitive times. She is also called "jiao" because her temple was built in the countryside. Every year, there is a festival of "worshipping heights", and young men and women can have sex in the countryside after sacrificing to God. Judie, Jiang and others were all conceived after worshipping Gao, so it is probably the result of having an affair in this dissolute festival. At that time, this kind of thing may not be a problem, but later generations were ashamed of it, thinking that these "saints" and ancestors were actually the products of "hybridization" and "promiscuity", and even their fathers didn't know who they were, which was really ugly, so they made up the myth of "born from heaven". This can be said to be a worldwide phenomenon, just as Morgan said when studying the transition from matriarchal to paternal in Greeks and Latins: "They kept the name of the mother of the ancestor of the clan, and thought that the ancestor was born from his mother's intercourse with a god."
second, why did the ancients marry and hybridize in groups
Why did the ancients marry and hybridize in groups? Is this because they were morally corrupt and promiscuous?
Actually, it's nothing surprising. It's been three or four million years since the birth of human beings, but the marriage system was established only four or five thousand years at most. In human history, the sexual relationship between men and women has been in a state of group marriage and hybridization for more than 9% of the time. This is a universal state of existence of all ethnic groups in the world.
There are also different forms of group marriage hybridization. The most primitive group marriage hybridization is that both parents and children can have sexual intercourse. China's ancient "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" said: "In the past, there was often no monarch, and its people lived in groups. Anemarrhena did not know his father, and there were no relatives, brothers, couples, the difference between men and women and the way to grow up and down." Liezi said: "Men and women are mixed, and they are not hired without media." It's all about group marriage and hybridization in ancient times.
The legendary ancestors of the Chinese nation were both brother and sister and husband and wife. Some pictures of Fu Xi and Nu Wa's copulation handed down from ancient times, and "copulation" symbolized their sexual intercourse. Is this "incest" and "moral corruption"? We can't look at the ancients in this way, and we can't look at the ancients with the eyes of modern people, because there was no "ethics" at that time, and there was no modern moral standard. Morality and rules belong to the superstructure, which is determined by the economic base and, in the final analysis, by the development level of productive forces. In primitive society, productivity is very low, and individuals or a few people simply have no power to resist the attacks of wild animals and natural disasters, so they can only live in caves as a community, which is called "gathering in groups" in Lv Chunqiu. In the case of living in groups, group sex is inevitable.
The promiscuous sexual relationship of group marriage and hybridization is certainly harmful to the healthy development of human beings and the harmony and stability of society. After a long historical development, human beings have gradually realized the natural development law of "consanguineous marriage, but their children are not numerous", and gradually realized that if there are no rules and restrictions on sexual issues, conflicts will often arise within groups. The disadvantages of group marriage and hybridization are increasingly recognized by people.
Economic development is the decisive factor of social development. The development of productive forces makes it possible to change the situation of group marriage and establish a marriage system. Humans have learned to use fire, which can not only scare off wild animals, but also cook food, increase nutrition and enhance health. Invented the bow and arrow, can hunt wild animals from a distance, without close combat. Stone tools are gradually replaced by metal utensils, which can greatly improve efficiency in agriculture and hunting. In this way, a few people can be separated from the primitive group and live independently, and group living and group sex gradually fade away, so it is possible to establish a marriage system.
Therefore, the essence of the marriage system lies in the restriction of sexual intercourse. This restriction has also gone through a long development process. First, it restricted the sexual intercourse between parents and children, then it restricted the sexual intercourse between brothers and sisters, and then it implemented the system of group marriage, and it developed from intra-clan marriage to extra-clan marriage, and finally monogamy was established.
Third, the residual influence of group marriage and hybridization
After the establishment of monogamy, the sexual intercourse between men and women was mainly confined to husband and wife, but the residual of group marriage and hybridization has been passed down to future generations.
There are two portrait bricks of Han Dynasty in Sichuan Provincial Museum, which people call "Mulberry Forest Wild Combination Map". A mulberry tree is painted on the brick, and several monkeys are playing on the branches, which shows that the tree actually represents a forest. There are some clothes hanging on the branches, and a man and a woman are having sex under the tree. On a brick, there is a man pushing behind the man who is having sex to help him finish it quickly, and then there is a man standing behind him waiting for an erection. When the man who is having sex is finished, he will go up immediately and have sex with this woman again. On another brick, behind the pattern of sexual intercourse between men and women, a man squatted on the ground and ejaculated. Obviously, sexual intercourse had just finished, and now the second man came to take his place.
These two portrait bricks are very meaningful. By the Han Dynasty, China had already entered a civilized society, and monogamy had been established for a long time, but there was still the wind of group marriage and hybridization in primitive society, which shows that this wind has existed for a long time in human history.
The phenomenon reflected in "Mulberry Forest Wild Hopes" is by no means isolated, and it is reflected in many ancient artworks. For example, in a tomb of the Song Dynasty unearthed in Yibin, Sichuan, a picture of "Secret Play" was engraved with a negative line. Below it was a naked man and a woman having sex. Above it was a man squatting on the ground, holding his penis with his hand. There was a circle in front of the penis, which seemed to ejaculate. Painting these two men together seems to imply group sex. In ancient paintings of the erotic palace, it is also common to see figures of several men and several women crossing.
This custom has been passed down to later generations, and there are many materials preserved in modern ethnology and folklore. Some ethnic minorities enjoy singing and dancing in certain festivals, and men and women can have sex without restraint. This phenomenon still exists until modern times. For example, there is a Shi Baoshan in Yunnan. Every year from the end of July to the beginning of August, men and women can stay in Shan Ye and have sex with their favorite opposite sex. Family members and relatives don't think wrong. Even the husband encourages his wife to go up the mountain, and the father encourages his daughter to go up the mountain. Of course, some people don't like it, so there is a local saying that "there are no good people in Shi Baoshan, and good people don't go to Shi Baoshan". There is a Lugu Lake at the junction of Yunnan and Sichuan in China, where tens of thousands of Mosuo people live, and it is still in the residual stage of matriarchal society. The woman is the head of the family, and the marriage system adopts the "walking marriage system". The man is called "A Zhu", who goes to the woman's house for the night every day and goes back to his home during the day. The woman can abandon him at any time, and replace him with a new "A note", and there are also several "A notes" at the same time, which is actually the product of the transition from group marriage to monogamy.
Now in big cities, there are still many sexual behaviors related to group marriage and hybridization. For example, "keeping mistresses" and "keeping mistresses", such as prostitution and whoring, and the recent emergence of changing husbands and wives, and so on. Perhaps, as Engels said, prostitution and adultery, as a supplement to monogamy, will exist in a long historical period.