1. Clear paragraphs, sentences and statements.
A fixed paragraph means that each word consists of one, two or three paragraphs.
A definite sentence means that each word consists of several sentences.
A definite word means that each sentence consists of several words or words.
2. Ping, in the whole word, the ping of each word has specific provisions, which are implemented in each word.
3. antithesis, most words don't require antithesis, and the opposite place can be right or wrong, but a few words do require antithesis in some places. Where confrontation is needed, it must be confronted. For example, the first two sentences of each sentence in "Step on Shakespeare" and "Queqiao Fairy"; Seven words in the middle of "Man Jiang Hong"; The four words in the middle of Qinyuanchun demand antithesis.
4. Rhyme, the rhyme of words is wider than that of poems. There are * * * poems 106 in Pei Fu, among which, there are 30 poems 15. In rhyming poems, "Linz Zheng Yun" has 19 parts. The rhyme can only be leveled. Rhyme can be flat, flat or rhyming, or varied.
5. Composition, with the cycle as the unit, undertaken within the cycle and forwarded during the week. A period is equivalent to a couplet of metrical poems.
6. Overlapping words, sentences and rhymes. Some words have the requirements of overlapping words, rhymes and sentences in a certain position. Such as "Like a Dream".
7. Words should be even, even, and the number of words is basically a regular sentence. Except for five words and seven words, three words, four words and six words are mostly regular sentences. Mr. Wang Li has made an accurate analysis of this. He said that three sentences can be considered as the last three words of seven-character sentences, four sentences can be considered as the first four words of seven-character sentences, and six sentences can be considered as the first six words of seven-character sentences. For example, Raw Tea Son is completely composed of five-character metrical poems, which is different from metrical poems in rhyme. Another example is "Huanxisha", which is completely composed of seven-character poems and sentences and rhymes. The difference is only two sentences less than rhyme. Some words are composed of five-character sentences and seven-character sentences, such as three five-character sentences and one seven-character sentence in the upper and lower parts of the Bu operator. The tunes of Ci come from folk tunes, including love songs, labor songs and hymns. Tone refers to the tone of words. China ancient music has 84 tones, while only 28 tones were used in the Tang and Song Dynasties. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, words and songs became one. Distinguish music according to the order of rhythm. Those with comfortable and slow rhythms are called slow tunes, or "slow" for short. The tone of slow music is longer than that of happiness. So the number of words and sentences of slow words have increased. For example, the Bu operator Man with the least number of words also has 89 words, while the Bu operator has only 44 words.
Slow tune and the long tune mentioned above have more common vocabulary. The difference between long tune and slow tune is based on the length of words, while slow tune is based on the urgency of songs. "Slow, orderly, quoted and close" are four word patterns. "Slow" means slow music, with 8 beats per song. Melody is melody, and melody is 4 beats per film. Six beats each for "lead" and "near". Tone sandhi can also be reflected in tone changes, such as stealing, adding, subtracting and spreading.
(1). "Ling", originally named as "Ling" by an inscription, seems to be related to the wine order, and its format has not changed. For example, Langtaosha is also called Langtaosha Order; Teasing is also called teasing order. Later, words with few words and short rhythm were generally called "Lingci", such as sixteen-character Lingci and Santailing (24 words). Individual long tunes are also called orders.
(2) "cited" and "near", these two words have the meaning of extension and expansion. The close-up character is also called "close-up". Quotations and synonyms are generally longer and slower than the original words. For example, "Millennium" 7 1 word, "Introduction to the Millennium" 82 words; 45 words for "Talk to Your Heart" and 75 words for "Talk to Your Heart".
(3). "Slow" is the abbreviation of "slow tune", which means that the beat is slow when singing. The number of slow words is generally much more than the original tone. For example, the two-tone "Langtaosha" has 54 words, and "Tao Sha Slow Wave" has been expanded to three times 132 words; Flowers in the rain is 50 words, and flowers in the rain are slow 100 words.
(4) "Scatter" means "scatter" and "separate". In order to meet the needs of music rhythm changes, sometimes the number of words in the original tune is increased, or one sentence is split into two sentences, and then the structure and rhyme may also change, thus forming different styles. Such as: Yan Shu's Huanxisha;
A new word, a glass of wine, the weather was old last year. When will the sunset come back?
There is nothing to do, flowers bloom and fall, and it seems familiar that Yan returns. Wandering alone in the small garden, fragrant path.
Tang's anonymous "Breaking Huanxisha":
The beach in Wuli was calm, and Zhang felt that the boat was light. Soft sculling is an uninterrupted boating trip. My eyes are full of storms, just like coming to see a mountain. If you look at these mountains carefully, it's a boat trip.
In the words of anonymous, three words (files) were added to the upper and lower films, and the rhyme was also moved (broken). This is "communication".
(5) "Promoting typing" is a tone style formed by adding words. Adding words makes the distance between the two rhymes farther and the beat looser, so the short beat needs to be adjusted. Therefore, this tone is called "beat-promoting tone". For example, Xin Qiji's Ugly Slave:
Teenagers don't know the taste of sorrow and fall in love with the floor. Fall in love with the floor and worry about adding new words. Now that I know what it's like to worry, I want to talk about it. I wanted to say I'd better take a rest, but I said, "It's a cool autumn."
Zhu Dunru's "Promoting Ugly Slaves";
The dew is wet and fragrant, and I miss Yaotai, and I am speechless and desolate. Gone with the wind, it is still a dream, and the clouds are wrapped in silver.
It is another day when the wind blows and the moon sets. Pei Dingdong joined hands with the West Chamber. Lingling jade plate, thick and simple, dances all over the "dress".
This piece of music is also called "Picking Mulberry Seeds", which is the same piece. There are four sentences and three rhymes in the text, six sentences and three rhymes in the two parts of the text, and three sentences between the two rhymes, *** 12. Of course, it is also necessary to promote the short beat when singing.
(6) "Subtraction" refers to the tone of words formed by reducing the number of words in the original tone and changing sentence patterns and rhymes. For example, Ouyang Xiu's Magnolia:
I don't know how far you are, but it's bleak and boring! Drifting away, without books, where does the fish sink?
The night wind blows the new rhyme, and Chiba hates it. So, I look for it in a single pillow, and dreams are not lights.
Zhu Dunru's "Minus Magnolia";
Liu Lang is old, no matter the peach blossoms still smile. Listen to the pipa and go back to the hospital to find Xie Jia. At the end of the song, people are drunk, more like tears on Xunyang River. East wind in Wan Li, the country has broken mountains and rivers.
"Minus" tone * * * Minus 12, and changed the rhyme; And the original tune doesn't change rhyme.
(7). "Stealing voice" is also a tone of a word formed by changing the sentence pattern of the original tone by subtracting words, which is basically the same as the tone of "subtracting words". But the point is the change of rhyme. For example, Zhang Xian's "Stealing Magnolia" in the Northern Song Dynasty:
The painted bridge lightly reflects Hengtang Road, and the flowing water is surging in the spring tide. Look at the oblique light, the swallows fly in pairs. The wind and flowers will all send cups, and the past will only become a dream of a clear night. Don't go upstairs, sitting and thinking is already on your mind.
Compared with the original tune (see above), we can see that the tone of this "stealing voice" is "stealing" six words, and the rhyme is also changed from Nuo to flat.
(8) Tone sandhi added words and broken sentences to the original tune, changed the palace tune, and formed another tune. For example, Jiang Kui's Walking on the Sand:
Yan Yan is light, Yingying is exquisite, and she clearly sees Hua Xu. The night longs for changeable knowledge? In early spring, I was dyed by acacia.
Don't write in the future, don't sew at the same time, travel away from the soul. The bright moon in Huainan and Qian Shan are cold and nobody cares.
Zhao Yanduan's "Transposition to Sand" in the Southern Song Dynasty;
It didn't rain until after the rain, and the cold was still strong. Peony will blossom and approach cold food. Good scenery on earth is also precious to the immortal family. Follow the trail of Sweeping Pass and Penglai.
The old days are gone, but now they are close at hand. Five times the price in January, * * * get together. Drink some birthday wine, don't leave half a drop. One hundred and twenty, happy birthday.
The four four-character sentences in the two tones remain unchanged, while the six seven-character sentences in the original tone become eight-character sentences and nine-character sentences respectively after tone sandhi, and they mostly refer to two rhymes.
(9). "Adding words" is to increase the number of words in some sentences of the original tune, but not to stop sentences, thus forming another tone called "adding words". Such as Li Qingzhao's "Ugly Slaves Adding Words":
Who planted banana trees in front of the window? Yin fills the heart, leaves warm the heart, and the volume is relaxed and affectionate.
Sad pillow night rain, a little light rain, worried about the loss of northerners, I can't get used to it.
This is the original tune "Ugly Girl". Two words were added to the last sentence of the upper and lower films, and then divided into four words and five words, which formed a different style.
In a word, the modes of words, such as unfolding, promoting beat, reducing words, stealing voices, transferring tones, adding words, etc., all come from the change of musical beat when singing, which is the main aspect of the situation of "homophonic multi-body"
After tone sandhi, words have changed in terms of number of words, syntax and rhyme. For example, "Tanfloxacin" was originally 58 words, and "Tundiaotanfloxacin" became 65 words. The tune of "Man Ting Square" changed from a flat part to a rhyme part. There are three words in the first sentence and the third sentence of Broken Word Magnolia. The words are even and even, and each piece is flat and rhyming. The epigraph refers to the name of the tune used in the lyrics. Some aphorisms are different from proper names, but also have the same name and different tones, counting several cases. However, no matter what the name is, each epigraph should follow the rule of "the text has a definite sentence, the sentence has a definite word, and the word has a definite sound". When you fill in the lyrics, you should have reference books-word spectrum and rhyme book to fill in. The word spectrum can refer to Kangxi's Qin Ding Word Spectrum or Shu Menglan's White Elephant Word Spectrum. For rhyming books, please refer to Linz Zheng Yun. Metric Poems of Tang and Song Dynasties compiled by contemporary teachers, Outline of Metric Poems written by Wang Li and China Rhyme Book published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House are also good reference books. It can be used as a reference for lyricists.
Of course, the fate of epigrams has its own origin. It's just that some things are still unclear. As far as we know, there are roughly the following types.
1. Follow the old poem. For example, the title of the fishing song in "Fishing Song"; A Cloud in Wushan was originally the title of a fairy story. "Zhuzhici" and "Yangliuqing" are all old songs, which are used as epigrams.
2. Quote some famous sentences. For example, "Xijiang Moon" was named after Li Baiyou's sentence "Today there is only Xijiang Moon, which was once named after the people in the Wu Palace"; Recalling Jiangnan was named after Bai Juyi's sentence "Can you not remember Jiangnan?" "Jade case" is named after the sentence "Beauty gave me splendid satin, so why should I report the jade case" in Zhang Heng's Four Sorrow Poems. Like a dream, Li was named after a sentence in Yi Xian Zi, Dream as a Dream.
3. according to the number of words. Such as "sixteen-character order" and "hundred-character order". There are three words in one tone, three words in each sentence, eight sentences in the upper and lower parts, and the rhyme is flat.
4. Use names of people or places. For example, Near Zhu Yingtai is named after a protagonist in Liang Zhu's story; Qinyuanchun was named after the Princess of Qinshuiyuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Nian Nujiao was named after the maid-in-waiting during the reign of Tang Tianbao.
5. Take the object originally assigned as an example. For example, at the beginning of Linjiang County, give Yuan Jiangyan water; "Fairy" is given to the Tiantai fairy first; Ci in He blasphemed God; "April Xia" was first assigned to learning Chinese characters; "The Female Crown Son" first endowed a female Taoist priest.
6. The poet decides for himself. Of course, all the songs directed and performed by the author are written by the author, such as Hazy Fragrance, Shuying and Yangzhou Slow written by Jiang Kui. Word segmentation is also word segmentation. A word is divided into two parts, the upper part is called the upper part or the upper part, and the lower part is called the lower part or the lower part. Each paragraph of this disyllabic word is called "pian" or "tan", while words divided into three or four paragraphs are called "overlapping", three paragraphs are called "triple" and four paragraphs are called "quadruple". For example, "bag" is 30% off.
The word is also called a single piece, the whole head is not segmented, and most of them are small sheets. Such as "sixteen-character order" and "fishing songs".
Shuangdiao is the name of Gongdiao, but it does not refer to Gongdiao in the epitaph. There are some similarities and differences in the number of words, sentence patterns, flat tones and rhymes in the upper and lower parts of disyllabic words. For example, the sentence patterns, words and rhymes of the upper and lower parts of Bodhisattva Man are different. However, a cut plum has the same words, sentence patterns, levels and rhymes.
Three-fold and four-fold is a word style format, that is, the word is divided into three or four paragraphs. Such as "Three Heroes Lanling". Words should rhyme at the rhyme feet. Poetry should be written according to the "level rhyme", but the rhyme of words is wider than that of poetry. There are *** 106 poems written by Peiwen and only 19 poems written by Linz Zheng Yun. Among them, "Ping, Shang, Qu" 14, and entering tone 5. In rhyme, rising tone and falling tone can pass. In my opinion, people nowadays can not only write words without intonation, but all words with intonation can be combined with intonation except "such as", because intonation can be used as intonation in metrical poems. It should also be noted that some aphorisms indicating entering tone, such as Man Jianghong and He Xinlang, should be filled with entering tone as much as possible.
In the whole case system, "the word has a definite sentence" is the proper meaning in the title. Each inscription is composed of several sentences with different lengths according to different requirements for leveling, which is an orderly agreement and should not be moved at will. Therefore, it is also a basic skill to understand and master the pattern combination rules of words. A word has many different words and different levels of sentence patterns, which can be roughly divided into regular sentences and irregular sentences. The flat format of metrical sentences is the same as that of modern poetry, and the word is a rhythm point, which is flat and flat alternately, without distinction between 135 and 246. Attention should be paid to avoiding isolation and the next three links. This sentence pattern accounts for the vast majority of words. Irregular sentence patterns belong to the special sentence patterns of words, which are diverse and complex, which is exactly what needs to be illustrated.
Sample solution:
There are not many epigrams, but there are two kinds: flat voice and flat voice. Quiet as the sky. Facing the full moon, alone, where is she in my heart? Where are people? "Tian" is a word in Guiying's Zi Chan Juan. Just like the sentence "Wrong!" In Lu You's Hairpin Phoenix. No! Wrong "and" Mo! Mo! Each of the three independent words "Mo" is also a word. In both cases, a word always rhymes.
There are few sentences, but most of them rhyme. There are two common types: "Ping" and "Ping". The former is like "You know what? Do you know that?/You know what? It should be green and fat and red and thin "(Li Qingzhao's" Dream ") and so on. The latter, such as "how many things rise and fall through the ages, leisurely and leisurely, the Yangtze River rolling endlessly" (Xin Qiji's Nanxiangzi) and so on.
Three-sentence structure-Three-sentence structure is often formed by combining the last three words of a sentence with the format of "upper two and lower one" or "upper two and lower two". The first two styles, such as Peach Blossom Falls, Idle Pool Pavilion (Hairpin Phoenix by Lu You). There are two kinds, such as "the mountain is far and the road is near, and the road is inclined" (Xin Qiji's "Partridge Sky") and so on.
Four sentences and four sentences are widely used, which can be divided into regular sentences and irregular sentences. There are two kinds of French sentences: "ping ping" and "ping ping", and the first word can be ping ping. For example, "the stone goes through the air, and the waves beat on the shore" (Su Shi's Nian Nujiao). There are four kinds of irregular sentences, namely "ping ping", "ping ping", "ping ping" and "ping ping". Their similarity is that the third word must be flat and the fourth word must be even. Plain and plain styles such as "Crying in the Cold" and "Blue Boat Urging Hair" (Liu Yong's "Rain Bell"); The style of flat and flat is just like the previous song "Late Arrive at the Pavilion" and "The Breeze Fades away"; The flat style is like "the first break of the shower"; Flat and even style, such as "Continued Sorrow" (Wang Anshi's "Guizhixiang") and so on.
Five sentences and five sentences are mostly regular sentences, which are the same as modern poems. Irregular sentences usually include "ping ping" and "ping ping": the former is like "Another village with a bright future" (Xin Qiji's "fishing"); The latter is like "Where to Look at Qin Guan" (Lu You's "Xie Chichun").
Six sentences can still be divided into regular sentences and irregular sentences. Prosodic sentence patterns are "flat and even" and "flat and even", and the first word of the former and the first word of the latter can be flat and even. For example, "No one can solve a hundred problems, because the wind blows over the roses" (Qing Ping Le by Huang Tingjian). The combination of six-character irregular sentences and four-character irregular sentences is basically the same, that is, the last word of the sentence is "Ping". For example, Romantic Figures through the Ages (Ping), Dust and Smoke (Ping) (Su Shi's Nian Nujiao). There are countless examples in this regard. As long as you read more epigrams and create more, you will gradually understand.
Seven sentences are based on metrical sentences, just like modern poetry. For example, the six seven-character sentences in Huanxisha are usually seven-character sentences. There are many forms of seven-character irregular sentences, especially some special sentence patterns, which are difficult to generalize and classify, and only cases can be handled according to the consistency of epigrams. There are three kinds of rhymes when filling words, one is flat rhyme, the other is rhyming (including entering tone) and the other is changing rhyme. There are many differences between rhyming requirements of words and metrical poems. There are many rhyming forms of words. The rhyming of words can be even or even. Several words can be put together in each sentence, which can rhyme to the end or change in the middle. Generally speaking, there are the following points:
A.it's fair. For example, Memories of Jiangnan, Pruning Plums, Jiangchengzi and so on. The Fisherman's Pride and Oracle Operator.
B. Can be sparse and dense. Dense rhymes, such as memories of Wang Sun, Sauvignon Blanc and prune. Poetry usually rhymes closely and has a unique style. You can bet a few words, such as Nian Nujiao, Jade Case, and slow down. Generally, rhymes are medium-long and gloomy in style.
C. you can rhyme to the end, or you can change the rhyme halfway. A rhyme in the end, such as a plum, the latest flower, jade case, etc. Between the lines, there are many rhymes, and the forms of rhyme change in the words mainly include:
A. Change the rhyme in Quezhong: For example, in "Hairpin Phoenix", one rhyme changes to another rhyme, and the two rhymes change at the same time, and the whole poem uses two rhymes.
B. Change rhyme between rhymes: For example, in Qing Ping Yin, the rhyme is changed to flat, and the whole poem has two rhymes, with the upper rhyme being flat and the lower rhyme being flat.
C. rhyme change in poetry: rhyme change in poetry, and two rhymes change. The whole poem has four rhymes. For example, in Bodhisattva Man, the upper rhyme is replaced by a flat rhyme, and the lower rhyme is replaced by another flat rhyme. Young beauty is also in this form.
D. Flat and even: In flat and even areas, flat and even rhymes are used alternately, such as meeting you Huan, making a joke, setting a storm, etc.
E. Plain: such as Xijiang Moon and Dujiang Cloud.
D. Words have overlapping rhymes: there are some requirements for using overlapping rhymes, overlapping sentences or partial sentences in words, such as "banter order", "hairpin phoenix" and "Zhang Tailiu". Others, such as picking mulberry seeds and pruning plums, can overlap or not.
E. Rhyme: Some words are often put into rhyme alone, such as Qin Yi 'e, Man Jiang Hong, Nian Nujiao and Yu Lin Ling.
Rhyme change, also known as voice changing part, is also called "flat tone conversion" When filling in this kind of epigraph, rhyme is usually used first, then rhyme. Moreover, the flat rhyme must be different from the flat rhyme. Some beginners often ignore this point when filling in such aphorisms. For example, such epigrams include qingpingle, banter order, Bodhisattva Xia, Youmei and so on.
After changing the rhyme, it returns to the original rhyme department, which is also called "flat leaves are uneven" This way of changing rhyme is to use flat rhyme first, then use the rhyming part other than the flat rhyme part, and finally return to the original flat rhyme. This kind of writing is a little bit difficult, but if it is well written, it will have a unique effect. This kind of epigraph includes Confessions, Dingfengbo, Huihuan and so on.