Southern Song Dynasty coexisted with Xixia, Jin Dynasty and Dali.
The Southern Song Dynasty lies to the south of Huaihe River. It is a dynasty with developed feudal economy, advanced ancient science and technology and a high degree of opening to the outside world in the history of China, but its military strength is weak and its politics is incompetent.
Southern song dynasty territory
After the disaster of Jingkang, Emperor Huizong and Emperor Qinzong were captured, including members of the royal family such as queens, concubines, princes and princesses, confidential ministers, court female officials, court musicians and chefs. , were captured by the gold people in the north; At this time, Zhao Gou, the ninth son of Song Huizong, was sent by Song Qinzong as the marshal of Hebei military forces (The History of Song Dynasty: Chronicle called Zhao Gou the marshal of the military forces in the world), becoming the only survivor of the royal family who narrowly escaped this disaster. On the recommendation of the minister, Nanjing (Yingtianfu, now Shangqiu City, Henan Province) acceded to the throne and later moved to Lin 'an (but the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty actually did not recognize Lin 'an as the capital, calling it "Hangzai").
The Southern Song Dynasty and the State of Jin were bounded by Huaishui to Dasanguan.
In 65438 AD, the State of Jin withdrew its troops from Kaifeng and made Zhang Bangchang a puppet emperor.
In desperation, Zhang Bangchang made Zhao Gou emperor in the name of Queen Mother Meng.
In May of the second year of Jingkang (1 127), Zhao Gou officially acceded to the throne as Song Gaozong.
Zhang Bangchang was crowned king in the name of defending the country.
Zhang Bangchang was later killed and became the only civil servant killed in the Song Dynasty.
Map of Southern Song Dynasty (10).
In the second year of Emperor Gaozong's accession to the throne, the State of Jin continued to invade the south on a large scale. In A.D. 1 129, in order to strengthen the rule over the area south of the Yellow River, the State of Jin once again established Liu Yu as emperor, with the same title, which was called "pseudo-Qi" in history.
In the Southern Song Dynasty, Yue Fei, Han Shizhong, Zong Ze, Liu Guangshi, Zhang Jun and many other generals were ordered to command the Northern Expedition to the State of Jin, which once repelled the allied forces of the puppet Qi Army and the State of Jin on both sides of the Yellow River.
In 1 138, Song Gaozong took Qin Gui as prime minister and pursued a peace policy.
Qin Gui deprived Han Shizhong, an anti-Jin general, of the military power, and killed Yue Fei and Yue Yun and his son on trumped-up charges (actually Song Gaozong acquiesced).
Song Gaozong regained the sovereignty of the southeast half of the country at the expense of paying tribute to the State of Jin.
The Southern Song Dynasty was relatively stable in Song Xiaozong and Song Ningzong.
After Song Ningzong, the national situation declined day by day.
Historical pictures of Southern Song Dynasty
After the Song and Yuan Dynasties (Mongolia) jointly destroyed the gold, the Southern Song Dynasty faced a more powerful enemy-the Yuan Dynasty.
In A.D. 127 1 year, Mongolia was founded with the title of Yuan. 1276 captured Lin 'an (now Hangzhou), the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, captured 5-year-old Song Gongzong alive and destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty.
Later, Lu Xiufu, Wen Tianxiang, Zhang Shijie and others, the recovery forces of the Southern Song Dynasty, successively established two little emperors (Song Duanzong and Young Master), and then established the exiled court of the Southern Song Dynasty in Nanyashan, Guangdong Province, and the Yuan army pursued the little emperors.
After the failure of the Yashan naval battle, the desperate exile regime of the Southern Song Dynasty finally perished on March 1279 with Lu Xiufu carrying his little emperor who had just turned eight.
From the first year of Jianyan (the second year of Jingkang 1 127) to the second year of Xiangxing (1279), the Southern Song Dynasty lasted about 152 years.