Original text:
A piece of plum, red lotus root, fragrant residual jade autumn.
Song Dynasty: Li Qingzhao
Lotus root is fragrant, and jade is lingering in autumn. Gently untie Luo Shang and go to Lan alone. Who sent the brocade book, the word geese returned, and the moon was full of the West Building.
Flowers bloom and fall, and flowing water gurgles. One kind of lovesickness, two places of leisure. There is no way to eliminate this situation, only frown and mind.
Translation:
The lotus flower is exhausted, the fragrance has disappeared, and the bamboo mat is as cold as jade, showing a strong autumn. Gently take off the silk skirt and lie on the bed alone. Looking up at the distant sky, where white clouds are rolling, who will send the brocade book? It's time for the geese to line up and return to the south line by line. The moonlight is bright and soaking, and the lonely pavilion in the west is full.
Flowers, wandering by themselves, water, wandering by themselves, a kind of parting acacia, affecting two leisure worries. Ah, it can't be ruled out that this lovesickness, this sadness, has just disappeared from the frowning brow and is faintly entangled in my heart.
Precautions:
1, red lotus root: red lotus.
2.diàn: a beautiful bamboo mat as smooth as jade.
3. cháng: clothes worn by the ancients also refer to clothes.
4. Lanzhou: This is the nickname of the ship.
5. Brocade: Su Hui of the former Qin Dynasty once wrote a tapestry poem "A Picture of Xuan Ji" and gave it to her husband Tao Dou, with a total of 840 words, which can be read repeatedly, with sadness between the lines. Later generations called their wives and husbands brocade characters or brocade books; It is also known as credibility.
6. The word "wild goose": Groups of wild geese are often arranged in the word "one" or "people". In poetry, the word "geese" is called geese flying in groups.
7. Full Moon in West Building: It means that Hongyan flies back, and the West Building is full of moonlight.
8. One kind of acacia, two kinds of leisure worries: it means that each other is missing each other, but they can't talk, so they have to be alone.
9: I just frowned, but I fell in love: it means that the clouds on my eyebrows just disappeared, and my heart began to worry again.
Creative background:
The creation time of this word is the first problem to be determined. According to the "Tianku Story" written by Yi Shizhen in Yuan Dynasty, it is quoted from the legend: "Yi An has not been married for a long time, and if he travels far. Yi Anshu couldn't bear to say goodbye, so he found the word "a piece of plum" in Jinpa's book and sent it. "Some anthologies think this theory" is generally consistent with the content of the work. "The first three sentences of the movie are about their respective seasons and places; The next part responds to these three sentences with the phrase' flowers float with water'. These are scenes when writing about leaving, and other sentences are feelings of missing after leaving "(see 198 1 Selected Poems of Tang and Song Dynasties published by People's Literature Publishing House). Some selected books think that "the investigation of the text content is the yearning after writing, not farewell"; The first three sentences are also written as "farewell" (see Selected Notes on Li Qingzhao's Poems by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 198 1 and Selected Notes on Tang and Song Poems by Beijing Publishing House 1982). It seems that comparing the two theories will win in the future. First of all, the description of Paradise Library is not reliable. For example, Wang pointed out in the annotation of Li Qingzhao's Collected Works (People's Literature Publishing House 1979 edition): "When I was in Zhao Mingcheng, they were both in Tokyo, and Ming Cheng was a university student, so there was no negative trip. This is not true. " What's more, the book of Tianku is a fake book. I don't know why it is quoted in the biography, which is not sufficient. Of course, it is more important to understand its content and infer its writing background from the text itself. Judging from the first three sentences in Uptown, it is not like the parting scene written by Liu Yong in Lin Yuling that "I miss my hometown, feel melancholy in the boat, hold my hand and look at my eyes with tears, and have nothing to say", but that the poet has separated from Zhao Mingcheng, feeling hurt by things and being alone. "Luo Shang" in the second sentence refers to women's clothing; The loneliness in the third sentence can only be described by the poet. As for the following sentence, it is not "imagining the feelings of missing after parting", but actually writing about the future in the eyes and things in the heart after parting.
Appreciate:
The first sentence of the word "Red lotus leaves autumn jade" is quoted in the whole article. Some commentators say that this sentence is "swallowing plum and chewing snow, not eating fireworks" (Liang Shaoren's Two Essays on Autumn Rain Temple), or praise its "exquisite beauty" (Chen Tingzhuo's Poems on Baiyuzhai). The first half of its sentence "fragrant lotus root" describes outdoor scenery, and the second half "jade" describes indoor things, which works in the clear autumn season, indicating that it is "when it is cold" (Han Wo's poem "It is cold"). The whole sentence is colorful and vivid, which not only depicts the surrounding scenery, but also sets off the poet's feelings. Flowers bloom and fall, which is not only a natural phenomenon, but also a personnel symbol of joys and sorrows; The cold pillow is not only the touch between the skin, but also the desolation and loneliness inside. This prologue, which describes indoor and outdoor scenery with hidden feelings, shows the environmental atmosphere and emotional color of the word from the beginning.
The first six sentences are * * *, and the last five sentences are written in the order of what the poet did, touched and felt during the day from day to night. The first two sentences, "Let Luo Shang leave lightly and get on the green boat alone", are about boating on the water during the day, implying the situation and insinuating feelings with the word "independence". The following sentence, "Who sent the brocade book", clearly wrote the thoughts after parting. The poet went to Lanzhou alone to send away his sorrow; Looking at the sky, I tend to think further. This sentence runs through from top to bottom. Closely connected with the previous sentence, it is written about the expectations and thoughts on the ship; And the next two sentences, "the word geese return, the moon is full of the west building", are also born from this. It is conceivable that the poet missed the whereabouts of the wanderer and looked forward to the arrival of the brocade book, so he drew the daydream of passing the book by the wild goose feet in the distance. And this kind of feeling and reverie, which is far away from the world, haunts the poet's heart day and night, on the boat or in the building.
The last three sentences of this poem remind people of other words, such as "The news on the edge of the sun is empty and gloomy, and thrush worries about climbing the stairs" (Zheng Wen's wife Sun Shi's "Recalling Qin E"), "The eyes are high, and the beauty thinks infinitely when she comes" (Yan Shu's "Resentment"), "Sleeping on a dangerous building, worrying about flying over the sentence" (Qin Guan can also be related to the opening of this word. From then on, there will be no good nights, let him go down to the west building in the bright moon. " Words and poems are written with bamboo mats, moonlight and west building, and also express unforgettable acacia. By contrast, they are very similar.
The phrase "flowers float with water" is a connecting link, and its meaning remains unchanged. This is both temporary and exciting. The scene of falling flowers and falling into the water is far in line with Shangluo's two sentences of "red lotus root fragrance" and "being alone in the blue boat" However, the life, years, love and parting it symbolizes give people the hatred of "helpless flowers falling" (Huanxisha by Yan Shu) and "infinite water like sorrow" (Zhuzhici by Liu Yuxi). The next sentence of the word naturally transitions from this sentence to the next five sentences and becomes a purely lyrical and straightforward monologue.
The phrase "one kind of lovesickness, two places of idleness" reminds the other party of his lovesickness and idleness at the same time, knowing that this lovesickness and idleness are not one-sided, but two-sided, thus seeing that the two hearts are printed together. These two sentences are also the supplement and extension of Shang Gan's sentence "Up in the clouds", which shows that although the water is far away, the book must be in the future, and the love between the two places is the same at the beginning, which fully proves the deep love and mutual trust between the two sides. There are also sentences about lovesickness between the two places in predecessors' works, such as Ye Luo's poem "Two Wild Gooses" (Part II), Han Wo's poem "Youth" and "Cherry blossoms and pear blossoms, heartbroken youth". These two words may be transformed from these poems. Once they are cast and cut into two four sentences with neat sentence patterns and clear meanings, they will achieve the effect of reinventing themselves and turning the stone into gold. These two sentences are both separate and integrated. Taken together, from "one kind of lovesickness" to "two kinds of leisure worries" is the separation and deepening of two kinds of feelings. Its combination shows that this situation is one and two, two and one; Its deepening tells us that this situation has changed from "thinking" to "worrying". The next sentence "I can't eliminate this situation" is followed by these two sentences. It is precisely because people are divided into two places that deep sadness has been hanging over their hearts. Of course, it is hard not to consider this situation, but "only under the eyebrows, but in my heart."
The last three sentences of this poem are a famous sentence that has been praised all the time. Wang Shizhen pointed out in "Flowers Bloom and Flowers Fall" that these three sentences were born out of Fan Zhongyan's Yu Jiexing's "all come here, and there is no taboo", while Yu Yan's "Sauvignon Blanc" in the Ming Dynasty was good at stealing Li Qingzhao's words. This shows that although imitation is avoided in poetry creation, the sentences of predecessors can be touched, making them look brand-new and integrated into their own works. In Shine on You, success is always better than blue, which not only changes the original sentence, but also is higher than the original sentence. This specialization of Li Qingzhao is a successful example. Wang Shizhen also believes that although the model sentence is created by Li's sentence, Li's sentence is an agent. In contrast, the model sentence is flat and straight, which can not awaken the artistic effect of the human eye; Li's words are unique, and the words "I only frown, but go straight to my heart" replace the straightforward description of "I'm not going to avoid", giving people a brand-new feeling. Here, "brow" corresponds to "heart", "talent is below" and "reality is above" one after another. The sentence structure is very neat and the expression technique is also very clever, so it has great artistic appeal. Of course, sentences cannot be separated from the beginning. These two four-character sentences are only an organic part of the whole word, not the only one. It depends on the contrast of the whole article, especially because it contrasts with the other two sentences, "one kind of lovesickness, two leisure worries", which complement each other. At the same time, the whole article is inseparable from sentences, and the whole article is shaken by these sentences that wake people's eyes. Li Tingji's "On the Forest after Poems in Caotang" calls this word "extraordinarily vivid and eye-catching", which is why readers are particularly attracted by its artistic charm.
About the author:
Li Qingzhao (1March 08413 ~11May 55 12) was born in Zhangqiu, Jinan, Shandong. In the Song Dynasty (the turn of the Northern and Southern Song Dynasties), the poetess, represented by graceful and restrained words, was known as "the first talented woman in the ages". In the lyrics, he wrote more about his early leisure life, his later life experience and sentimental mood. In form, it makes good use of line drawing, forms its own school and has beautiful language. On the theory of ci, it emphasizes harmony and elegance, puts forward the theory that ci is different from one family, and opposes the method of writing ci into poetry. There are not many who can write poems. Some chapters have a sense of the times, praise history and use generous words, which is different from their style of words. There are Yi 'an Jushi Collection and Yi 'an Ci, which have been lost. Later generations have a collection of Yu Shu's ci. There is a collation of Li Qingzhao's collected works today.