The official kiln is divided into two places, one is the Bianjing official kiln in the Northern Song Dynasty, and the other is the new kiln built by Emperor Gaozong in Hangzhou after the Southern Song Dynasty moved south. kiln. However, there are still different opinions on this classification. Because the Bianjing ruins are buried under Kaifeng City, it is difficult for archeology to excavate them. We can only speculate on the conditions of kiln burning at that time through records in ancient books. According to several ancient books, such as Cao Zhao's "Gegu Lun Yao" in the early Ming Dynasty, "Fu Xuan Za Lu" written by people in the Southern Song Dynasty, and "Yuanzhai Biheng" in the Southern Song Dynasty, the official kilns were indeed divided into two parts, the north and the south. The official kiln of the Southern Song Dynasty was established after the Song Dynasty moved its capital to Lin'an. Shao Chengzhang was appointed to the imperial palace to establish the official kiln at the foot of Fenghuang Mountain according to the old system of the Northern Song Dynasty. It was called the inner kiln. Later, a new official kiln was built in Jiaotan. The porcelain glaze of the official kiln of Xiuneisi Jiaotan has three colors: moon white, pink green and beige, with ice cracks and hidden patterns like eagle claws. Cao Zhao's "Gegu Lun Yao" in the early Ming Dynasty said: "The official kilns made by Xiu Neisi in the Song Dynasty have fine and moist soil, with green and pink colors, varying shades, with crab claw patterns, purple mouth and iron feet, and those with good color are similar to Ru kilns. Similarly, those with black soil are called Wuni kilns, while the fake ones are all fired by Longquan and have no texture." It is also worth mentioning that in "Yuanzhai Biheng" it is mentioned that a new kiln was built under the altar in the back suburb. The second official kiln established in the early Southern Song Dynasty, called "Jiaotan Official Kiln", was also located in Hangzhou.
The "Heritage from the Old Capital" was moved to the south to continue production. It started in the 13th year of Shaoxing and has been producing high-quality porcelain for 1340 years continuously. For more than a thousand years, Song porcelain has been universally regarded as the most artistic era. Through meticulous and skillful craftsmanship, it harmoniously integrates smooth and concise shapes and polished glaze colors. It represents the highest level of Chinese porcelain production 800 years ago and is also a true portrayal of the developed science and technology culture in the Southern Song Dynasty. Due to its limited output and few handed down, it has become a treasure among ancient Chinese porcelain and is famous all over the world. What is incompatible with the popularity of the official kilns of the Southern Song Dynasty is the almost sporadic historical records about it, which makes modern people feel confused and inconsistent. Therefore, the study of official kilns in the Southern Song Dynasty has always been an important and eye-catching topic in the study of ancient Chinese ceramics.