Related introduction of ancient weapon "Maqiao"
Horse slimming is the main form of slimming. China ancient cold weapon is a heavy cavalry weapon, which is a refined version of a spear. There are other classifications, stepping and pretending to be miscellaneous. Basically, the word "slimming" refers to slimming.
According to China Military Encyclopedia? Yang Honglao, editor-in-chief of the Catalogue of Ancient Weapons and a famous archaeologist of China Academy of Social Sciences, wrote that it originated in the Han Dynasty and rose in the war dynasty dominated by cavalry, namely Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties. During this period, cavalry was the decisive force of world hegemony. The duel between heavy cavalry promoted the development of armor and weapons, and this environment created the development peak of armored cavalry weapons and armor in China. The horse pin is divided into two parts: the front pin and the pin rod. Titles are 50-60CM long, much longer than ordinary spears. Maguan is only to adapt to the increasingly powerful heavy cavalry and armored war horses since the end of Han Dynasty.
Ma Guanfeng has an obvious armor-piercing blade. A good one, like a sword, has eight sides. Ordinary fish scales, such as chain mail, real armor and bright armor, can be broken with one blow.
Structural characteristics of stirrups
1, first of all, the shape is consistent with the spear, but from archaeology, it can be seen that the front end of the spear is very long and far from the spear head.
2. Sometimes equipped? Stay in love? Prevent the charge from penetrating the enemy without being pulled out.
3. Stirrup rods are generally made of wooden sticks, which are soaked in oil with thin wooden sticks, dried and glued with fish bubbles.
4, transverse winding hemp rope, pull into the pole, make the lateral force.
5. Paint it with raw lacquer and wrap it with kudzu cloth to form a complete pole.
High-end stables often use wood. (The famous killer in Song Dynasty originated from Xixia, who used Sang Mu. "Three Paintings of Rongzhai" Volume 16 "Arm Bow": "Arm Bow is made of mulberry". Cuckoo, also known as mulberry cuckoo, is a rare kind of mulberry, and is regarded as the first choice, with excellent hardness and elasticity. )
The most important thing about the wood of the arm crossbow is that it can be bent back and reset instantly, so it can be proved from the side that Zhemu is one of the best materials for cold weapons and ordnance.
There's a lot of attention in the stable. Different from the ordinary spear, the pole is made of wood, but the trunk of the first-class tough wood is peeled into a uniform thickness and then glued together. As for tough wood, Zhemu is the most used to make bows, followed by Sang Mu, oak and rattan, and bamboo is the worst. Soak fine flour in oil repeatedly. The first step has just been completed, because it is no longer deformed and cracked. This process took nearly a year. After one year, take out the strips and dry them in the shade for several months. After that, it was glued with fine glue to form a thick eight-foot long (note, China ruler), and the outer layer was wrapped with hemp rope. After the hemp rope is dried, it is painted with raw lacquer and wrapped with kudzu cloth.
Paint the raw lacquer on the cloth, dry it and wrap it layer by layer until it is cut with a knife, and the pole makes a metallic sound, but it does not crack and is qualified. Then go to its head and tail and cut it to about six feet. Fine steel's pins are installed at the front, and copper pins are installed at the back. Constantly adjust, the qualified standard is to lift two feet from the tail with hemp rope, and the whole horse can be in mid-air like a balance beam. In this way, the military commander can ride on the horse and keep the tip of the knife forward effortlessly. The bamboo fiber made in this way is light, tough and strong. Military commanders can charge directly with horsepower or wave in close combat. Only the whole project took three years, the success rate was only 40%, and the cost was staggering. Therefore, since the Han and Tang Dynasties, Maqiao has always been a symbol of a well-born general.
Song Shi? Yi:? Again? General Chen and Tang Jinwu hold it. Song system, halogen book is the eight leading. ? Take the famous painting "Hand in the Pottery" in the Song Dynasty as an example. As many as 5,000 people, the luxurious honor guard was led by General Jin Wu with eight brooches.
The difference between guns, spears and weapons in ancient China.
Spears and guns are inherited and exist at the same time. To a large extent, calling a spear or a gun is just a different name. It is difficult to define what a gun is and what a spear is. Although the two are used differently in many cases, they cannot be clearly distinguished.
A two-meter-long stabbing weapon, with a wooden pole and an iron tip, is called a spear if you want to call it a gun, so writing this article is not to determine what a spear is and what a gun is, but to discuss some technical details in detail.
Generally speaking, spears are used for simple jabbing; Guns have multiple functions; You have strengthened your strength.
Invincible spear
Spear is the predecessor of long weapon, gun and spear. Primitive people used sharp tools such as animal bones and sharp stones to assassinate wild animals during hunting, and then added handles to increase the attack distance and became spears. Spear is one of the five soldiers in the Zhou Dynasty, and it is already one of the main combat weapons. During the Three Kingdoms period, spears became the main equipment of the army.
Mature spears include metal spears, wooden spears and terminal spears. In terms of length, according to "Flower King Gongji-Lu People", the standard chief spear of infantry is 2 feet (about 4 meters) long, and the standard spear of chariot soldiers is 2 feet 4 feet (about 4.8 meters) long. According to the unearthed objects at present, the longest is the Qin dynasty infantry spear, which is 6.3 meters long, and the shortest is about 1.8 meters long.
Spears attack by stabbing, with a blade length of 40? 80 cm, such a long blade, can penetrate or go deep into the human body, causing fatal injuries. Some spears have only one long and sharp thorn, while others have two blades, just like a sword inserted on a wooden pole, which can achieve the cutting effect. Later, relying on the progress of smelting technology, a multi-edged spear blade appeared, which greatly increased the strength of the thorn.
Spear is mainly used in infantry fighting because of its length advantage and single attack mode. The length of spears used by infantry in spear warfare is generally 4? 7 meters, the first rows of lancers in the formation wear leather armor and hold spears, forming a dense spear sea to attack or defend the enemy. Spearmen are not equipped with other weapons, and sometimes they are covered by shield soldiers in front of spearmen.
Spear throwing is relatively short, about 1.5? 2 meters, used to throw at the enemy line. In order to prevent the enemy from picking up the spear and throwing it back, some spears are simply inserted in the spear body. Once they hit the body or fall to the ground, they will separate and cannot be used again.
The spear length used by cavalry is between throwing spear and infantry spear, generally 2? 3 meters, the operation time is too long.
The advantage of spear is its strong penetrating power. Stabs and cuts? Penetrating injury to the front of the body usually immediately incapacitates people, and in the cold weapon era with underdeveloped medical technology, this injury is usually fatal. Because of its simple structure and low manufacturing and maintenance costs, spear is the most suitable main battle weapon for large-scale equipment of the army.
The disadvantage of spear is that it has a single function and can't be attacked or defended. Infantry spears can't be used in individual combat at all. Although some spears with cutting edges on both sides have cutting function, their length determines that the main attack mode of spears is stabbing.
Multivariable gun
Guns are developed from spears. The original gun was used to sharpen the head of a wooden stick. Cutting wood and stealing guns? Also known as? Shoulder two? 、? A mile? . Guns in the Han dynasty are very similar to spears, with long wood or bamboo as the pole and a spear head and tassels. Guns were very popular in the Jin Dynasty, but in the Tang Dynasty, the popularity of guns declined slightly, reaching its peak in the Song and Ming Dynasties. The main reason for the popularity is that spears are inconvenient to use and have single functions. Guns are usually shorter than spears, so they are easy to hold with both hands, so there are also? Half a gun? Statement.
The gun includes metal spear head, wool tassel, wooden spear head and upsetting metal spear head, and the length is from 1 m? 1.8m, mainly used for foot horse fighting. There are more than 5 meters of spears, which are used to stab the enemies who enter the city. The spear head is much shorter than the spear head, which can be divided into three types according to needs: spike, double-edged and multi-edged.
The gun combines the attack mode of spear and stick, and is flexible to use. In the later period, the function of hook, hook and even knife was added to the gun, which enriched the role of the gun. Such as double hook gun, single hook gun, cone gun, grab gun, ring gun, flat wooden gun, crutch gun, snake gun, flame gun, hook sickle gun, tiger tooth gun, Yanling gun, cross sickle gun and so on.
In use, the training time for marines is much longer than that for spearmen, usually 3? Six months, familiar with attacks such as blocking, taking and stabbing, marines will also be equipped with short weapons such as knives, which is the main force of infantry operations. Military commanders usually equip themselves with more convenient guns, such as tiger guns with wide attack area and multi-functional dragon teeth guns.
The tassel is an ornament under the gun head, made of rhinoceros tail, yak tail and ponytail, mostly red. Fighting can confuse opponents, and drilling can increase momentum. In addition to decoration, it can also absorb the blood polluted by the gun head and prevent the blood from flowing to the gun rod, so it is also called? Blood clot? .
The advantage of guns is that they can attack in various ways. The guns developed in the later period fully absorbed the advantages of other weapons and became almost omnipotent long weapons.
The disadvantage is that guns are more expensive to manufacture and maintain than spears. Compared with spears, guns have poor armor-piercing ability.
King of cavalry
Guan and Qiang are both long-thorn weapons developed from spears. At present, unearthed artifacts in the late Warring States period have been found. From the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the early Tang Dynasty, large-scale cavalry combat became the key to victory or defeat. However, in the face of a large number of metal armor equipped by cavalry, spears and guns have limited destructive power, so they have played a role and have been popular for some time.
It consists of a metal needle and a wooden needle body. It is heavier, generally longer than a gun and shorter than a spear. It is mainly used in Touma, and it needs powerful people to use it. After the popularization of armor, the tube is mainly used to make up for the weakness of spear gun in power, which can be understood as using spear immediately, but the tube is heavier than the spear and can penetrate the enemy with horsepower. Usually the tip is a long polygon, which is thicker than a spear and can bear the force of high-speed impact at once. There are often extra weighting weights in the shape of ridges or iron spikes, which can increase the power and kill the enemy by chopping and smashing.
The attack mode is mainly stab, and the cavalry's high-speed charge speed and heavy head can effectively break through the enemy's armor and achieve the goal of killing with one blow. You can also sweep your opponent with a heavy front end when turning, and the solid structure makes it easy for you not to be damaged.
The advantage of being straight is strong attack power, but the disadvantage is that it is bulky and inconvenient to maneuver. Therefore, cavalry usually use short weapons such as mace and whip in melee. Mace and whip are metal sticks with horizontal and vertical edges outside, which are very effective against thick armor in close combat. Many famous soldiers in the early Tang Dynasty were trained by mace and whip. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, cavalry had to practice horse riding, so it can be seen that horse fighting was still dominated by horses.
Conclusion:
Spear, as the main battle weapon of the army, has always existed from Zhou to Qing, with simple use, single function, low cost and high popularity. What has it proved? A simple weapon is a good weapon? .
Gun, as a multi-purpose weapon, has always existed, with various patterns and local conditions, but there have also been a lot of flashy varieties in the development process.
Clouds were invincible in the era of heavy cavalry attacking on a large scale, and they were dominant for a while, but they were useless in the later years of riding and shooting. Although its power is superior, it has high requirements on soldiers, horses and tactics, and it is an effective weapon under certain conditions.
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