Brief introduction of Wang Guowei's life
Wang Guowei (18771February 3, 927-1June 2, 927), whose name was Guo Zhen, whose name was Jing 'an, whose name was Ming, whose name was Guan Tang and whose name was Yong Guan, was loyal to him. Han nationality, Haining, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province. Wang Guowei is a famous scholar who enjoys an international reputation in the modern history of China.
Wang Guowei pursued new learning in his early years, accepted the influence of bourgeois reformism, integrated western philosophy and aesthetics with China's classical philosophy and aesthetics, studied philosophy and aesthetics, and formed a unique aesthetic ideological system. Then attack lyrics and drama, and then rule history, ancient philology and archaeology.
He has profound thoughts and innovations in education, philosophy, literature, drama, aesthetics, history and ancient literature, leaving a profound academic legacy for the treasure house of Chinese culture.
Extended data:
Lack of social experience
Wang Guowei was unsociable and taciturn all his life, but he had many schoolmates. Regardless of age and rank, he always receives visitors and has never been turned away. He likes smoking. When the host and guest are silent, they can only see the smoke curling between his nose and mouth. He doesn't answer any questions he doesn't know, and he doesn't want to talk more when he meets people he doesn't know very well, so that people feel that he is a lonely and indifferent person.
But when he met familiar friends, he was good at chatting, not only about his studies, but also about current events at home and abroad at that time. He knows everything about the doubters. Occasionally, when encountering refutation difficulties, I don't blindly stick to my own subjective opinions, and sometimes I will abandon my own opinions.
In Cangsheng Wise University, Wang Guowei's teaching experience is very short, and students don't know him very well, so he is not very popular. He is not good at socializing, nor is he polite.
One day, he was asked to identify an ancient bronze ware. After reading it, he said, "This is not reliable." The man then found some seemingly authentic evidence, such as how quaint the colors are, how exquisite the words are, and there are similar records in the book for his reference and for him to have a closer look. After reading it, he still replied "unreliable", neither echoing others nor refuting difficulties with others.
Wang Guowei was invited to teach at Peking University many times, but he refused for various reasons. Finally, he only agreed to be an exchange tutor. Wang Guowei was invited by Peking University to visit the school. In order to show his respect, teachers and students were welcomed in advance, and Wang Guowei refused. He said that all kinds of people in the welcome team will inevitably come into contact with their own speculators. He can't accept their welcome. Cai Yuanpei laughed it off, and then changed the reception to a tea party, inviting only professors who share Wang Guowei's research interests.
Refer to Baidu Encyclopedia-Wang Guowei
Who is Wang Guowei?
Wang Guowei (18771February 3, 927-1June 2, 927), male, first named Guo Zhen, real name Jing 'an, also known as Apollo, early auditorium, back hall, eternal view. Haining Prefecture, Zhejiang Province (now Haining, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province). Wang Guowei is a famous scholar who enjoys an international reputation in the modern history of China.
In his early years, he pursued new learning, accepted the influence of bourgeois reformism, integrated western philosophy and aesthetics with China's classical philosophy and aesthetics, studied philosophy and aesthetics, and formed a unique aesthetic ideology, which then focused on ci, qu and drama, and then governed history, ancient philology and archaeology. Guo Moruo called him a pioneer of new historiography. More than that, he became a self-taught teacher all his life, got married, made remarkable achievements and made outstanding contributions, and had profound thoughts and innovations in education, philosophy, literature, drama, aesthetics, history and ancient literature, leaving a profound academic legacy for the treasure house of Chinese culture. Representative works include Qu Lu, The World, Guan Lin and so on.
1June 2, 927, the fish and algae garden of Kunming Lake in the Summer Palace sank.
Please introduce Wang Guowei in detail.
Wang Guowei (1877- 1927), whose real name is Jing 'an and Guantang, was born in Haining, Zhejiang. China is a famous scholar in modern times, an outstanding geographer, poet, literary critic and philosopher of ancient Chinese characters, cultural relics and ancient history. When Wang Guowei was a teenager, he loved historical works such as Hanshu, but he didn't like to quote his son's career and the notes in the Thirteen Classics. He still received traditional old-fashioned education before he was eighteen. After the midday war, "I knew that there were so-called new scholars" (preface to Jing 'an Anthology). At the age of 22, I went to Shanghai Times Secretary School. In his spare time, he went to the Oriental Literature Society in Luo Zhenyu to study foreign languages, and with the support of Luo Zhenyu, he went to Japan to study in 190 1. The following year, I dropped out of school because of illness, read Kant's philosophy and couldn't put it down, and then switched to Schopenhauer's philosophy. Later, I thought that philosophy "the lovely people are not credible, and the credible people are not lovable" (preface to Selected Works of Jing 'an), so I turned from philosophy to literature, history, archaeology, epigraphy and phonology. During this period, he served as a tutor in the exchange of Chinese studies at Peking University Institute and a professor at Tsinghua Institute. 1922, Xiao Chaoyan worked as a five-grade official in Puyi Palace Museum, and was awarded "eating five-grade salary" and "riding a horse in the Forbidden City". 1927 When the National Revolutionary Army went north, Wang Guowei left a suicide note "This life will change, I will humiliate again" and committed suicide by investing in Kunming Lake in the Summer Palace. Influenced by Kant and Schopenhauer's philosophy in his early years, Wang Guowei said in the preface to Selected Works of Jing 'an: "Yu's philosophy began between Xin Qiji and Ren, and he began to read Kant's Pure Criticism in the spring of Guimao, but he couldn't solve it completely. He stopped reading for a while and successfully read Schopenhauer's books. From the summer of Guimao to the winter of Chen Jia, it was also the time when Schopenhauer was a partner. Particularly satisfied are Schopenhauer's Theory of Knowledge and Kant's Theory of Knowledge. However, in his philosophy of life, it is not unreasonable to observe the elites he observed and discuss sharply. " After that, he reread Kant's works on philosophy, ethics and aesthetics. During the two years of 1904 and 1905, he successively wrote philosophical papers such as On Nature, Interpretation and Original Fate, On Schopenhauer's Philosophy and His Educational Theory, Schopenhauer and Nietzsche, which comprehensively introduced Schopenhauer's and Kant's views on the universe, knowledge, ethics and aesthetics, especially On. He used Kant's theory to explain "sex", thinking that sex is beyond human perception, only transcendental sex is true, and truth is unknowable. He used Schopenhauer's law of sufficient reason to define "reason" in this way; The broad sense of reason, that is, reason, is proved by Chen Chun, a scholar in the Song Dynasty. He said that "reason is not easy to understand"; The narrow sense of "reason", that is, reason, is an abstract concept created from intuitive concepts. Wang Guowei believes that rationality in a broad sense or in a narrow sense "does not exist in the intuitive world, but is parasitic in vast and obscure concepts" (interpretation of Jing 'an Selected Works). On the issue of "fate", he accepted Schopenhauer's view that there is a causal relationship between nature and human will, and there is no free will. Will is dominated by motivation and will is not free. Wang Guowei is one of the pioneers of modern aesthetics in China. He combined Kant's and Schopenhauer's western aesthetics with China's traditional aesthetics and made great contributions to the study of China's classical novels, poems and operas. His aesthetic thought consists of "game theory", "genius theory", "quaint theory" and "realm theory", which is its essence. He put forward the aesthetic theory in "The Thorn on Earth", holding that the realm includes natural scenery, people's thoughts and feelings and their integration. The level of words is measured by the existence of realm; Those who can describe the true feelings of the scenery are called the realm, otherwise they are called the realm; The realm can be divided into "the realm with me", which is characterized by "seeing things from me"; The characteristic of "the realm without me" is "viewing things with things"; In artistic creation, there are also "creative environment" and "writing environment". Wang Guowei's research methods in ancient Chinese characters, cultural relics and ancient sites have inherited the tradition of learning from the Qing Dynasty and absorbed the spirit of western empirical science. First of all, unlike his predecessors, he is good at using comparative method in his research, blending ancient and modern Chinese and western in one furnace. 1. Take the underground objects and the remains on the paper and explain the evidence to each other; Second, take foreign old books and Chinese old books to make up for each other; Third, take foreign ideas and inherent materials and refer to each other (Chen Yinque's Preface to Mr. Wang Jing 'an's suicide note). Wang Guowei studied the history of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Shang Dynasty by interpreting underground objects and written records. In the study of frontier geography, the history of Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties is complementary to Chinese and foreign ancient books; Writing books such as On the System of Yin and Zhou Dynasties, Comments on a Dream of Red Mansions, Textual Research on Song and Yuan Dynasties' Dramas, and Cihua on Earth is to cross-reference western language thoughts with China's traditional thoughts. Compared with the scholars of Ganjia School, this vision is indeed much broader. Wang Guowei wrote a wealth of works in his life, with 60 kinds of works, most of which were included in Mr. Wang Jing 'an's suicide note in Haining. Wang Guowei's death is a mystery of a century, but I always feel that he died for "worry". He found Schopenhauer as his spiritual guide, and the pessimism he learned from Schopenhauer just fueled his determination to die suddenly. Life Problems, Back and forth measures Wang Guowei's life, seeking philosophy, history and back and forth in "life". He has made great contributions to the exploration of historiography that few people can reach in modern times. The question is, does his death mean that he ran back and forth on the road of "life", looking for it, and finally was frozen in the wild, with nowhere to return? In fact, Wang Guowei died not only for "troubles", but also for his last words: "Fifty years, only one death is needed, and after this world changes, there is no turning back." The direct cause of his death was "the change of the world". As Liang Qichao said, "His usual pessimism about the current situation is extremely profound. The latest stimulus is that scholars Ye Dehui and Wang Baoxin were "shot". He also died for "culture". Whenever an old culture disappears, people always die for it. Wang Guowei belongs to such a "loyal minister of the former dynasty". Chen Yinque and others sincerely expressed their feelings about Wang Guowei's sudden death. Seeing Wang Guowei's death again is not worrying about his own heart. Wang Guowei was also very calm when he died. According to the gardener of the Summer Palace, "Mr. Wang entered the park at about 10 am" and "sat in front of the stone boat, and after a long time, stepped into the fish algae pavilion and smoked a cigarette". Can a person who has not looked for his spiritual world be so serene and calm? After Wang Guowei's death, his family found a suicide note written the day before his death among his belongings. After careful consideration, it can be seen that the deceased is not in a hurry to die. This is consistent with the fact that Wang had no abnormal behavior a few days before his death. But the suicide note begins with "fifty years, only one death." After this world change, I have never been humiliated again, but I have left all kinds of doubts to the living and become a "mystery" for more than 70 years. Wang Guowei's relatives kept the cause of his death secret from beginning to end. Later generations have several speculations: one is the theory of "martyrdom for Qing Dynasty". Wang is an old man in the Qing Dynasty, and he thinks that Wang Guowei, the grandson of Puyi, is a scholar. Puyi broke the old system that "going to the south study room" in Qing Dynasty needed imperial academy's family background, and with this ideological basis and mentality of being an old man, he called him directly into the "south study room". Speaking of "overlapping nests", it seems reasonable to "finish the festival" by committing suicide. So Liang Qichao compared it to Boyi and Shu Qi who didn't eat Zhou Su. At that time, Tsinghua principals Cao Yun, Luo Zhenyu and Wu Mi all held this view. In the article "Talking about the so-called" ouchi archives ",Lu Xun called the king" ending the life of the old man with water ",so it is obvious. However, those who oppose this view think that Wang Guowei is different from Luo Zhenyu and Chen. Zheng and others devoted themselves to the restoration of the Qing Dynasty and committed themselves to Japanese politicians. Wang Guowei took the post of Tsinghua, and devoted himself to academic work. Although he was "honest", he didn't pretend to be an eagle dog, and even went from "foolish loyalty" to "martyrdom". So at that time, someone said, "Look at his will, why is there a blank prefix?" "Is the martyr like this?" The second is the "forced debt" theory. In the First Half of Life, Puyi said: The Minister of Interior entrusted Wang to sell palace calligraphy and painting on his behalf, and Luo Zhenyu knew it. Luo took the painting away in the name of selling it, and repaid Wang Guowei's debt with the proceeds from selling it, so that Wang could not explain to him and died of shame. At that time, the newspaper also reported that Wang had lost money in business cooperation with Romania and owed Romania huge debts. After Luo's son-in-law (Wang ornaments) died, Luo and Wang had been estranged. Luo Ling's daughter lived in her own home to celebrate her husband's festival and forced Wang to give her living expenses of 2,000 yuan a year. Scholar Wang Guowei was in debt, ashamed and angry, and short-sighted. Mr. Guo Moruo has written this theory, which is almost conclusive. However, according to the collation of evidence such as the posthumous testament of Wang Guowei, Wang Guowei did not commit suicide with heavy debts before his death. The third is the "fear" theory. /kloc-in the spring of 0/927, the northern expeditionary army moved northward, and the two armies of Feng and Yan changed their flags, and the capital was shaken. Some people think that Wang Guowei committed suicide because he was afraid that he would fall into the hands of the Northern Expeditionary Army and suffer humiliation. In addition, Wang also regards the braids at the back of his head as his own life. At that time, it was widely rumored that the Northern Expeditionary Army would punish people who left braids after entering the city, so instead of being humiliated, he would commit suicide. But at that time, many people refused to accept it, thinking that it was not in line with Wang Guowei's way of life. The fourth is the theory of "remonstrance". It is considered that Wang Guowei's throwing himself into the lake is similar to Qu Yuan's throwing himself into the river because he dissuaded Puyi from following the ideas of Luo Zhenyu and others by "remonstrating the corpse", and he planned to take refuge in Japan. Some people think that this is also the reason why Wang and Luo finally broke up. The fifth is the theory of "cultural martyrdom". Chen, a mentor who is in Tsinghua with Wang Guowei, is like-minded and closely related to Wang Guowei. He first discussed Wang's death by "martyrdom", and later thought: "When the value of a culture declines, people who are transformed by it will feel pain, and the greater the process of expressing this culture, the greater the pain; Very deep, almost not because of suicide. " "If today's Chixian Shenzhou is worth a thousand years and will become poor, then the people with this cultural spirit will not die with it, so Mr. Guan Tang has to die, and future generations will deeply mourn and cherish the memory." Chen Yinque's interpretation was immediately praised by similar people and had an important influence in the cultural circle. However, Chen Zhi's view is not so much an explanation of Wang Guowei's death as an observation of Wang Guowei's spirit with his own mentality. The last point of view is "various factors". Wang Guowei wandered in the promenade of the Summer Palace, recalling the adage that "he who sinks himself can relive his life experience in an instant", and then "jumped forward in front of the fish and algae pavilion". Perhaps this is the "mystery" of Wang Guowei's self-destruction.