catalogue
A Brief Introduction of Ma Zhanshan, an Anti-Japanese Hero
The Life of the Characters in Ma Zhanshan's Works
Ma Zhanshan people's family
Ma Zhanshan's Personality Contribution
Ma Zhanshan Memorial Hall
A Brief Introduction of Ma Zhanshan, an Anti-Japanese Hero
Ma Zhanshan (1885165438+1October 30-1950165438+1October 29), Huaide, Jilin (now Gongzhuling, Siping City, Jilin Province Famous anti-Japanese patriotic general and national hero.
After the September 18th Incident, he served as the chairman of Heilongjiang Province and the deputy commander of the northeast border guards in the province. Later, he led patriotic officers and soldiers to rise up against the Japanese invaders, led the Jiangqiao War of Resistance, and fired the first shot of China people's armed resistance against Japan. After the July 7th Incident, he served as the commander-in-chief of the March of Northeast Ting, leading his troops to fight against the Japanese aggressors in Shansi-Suiyuan. During the War of Liberation, he also ran for peace and contributed to the peaceful settlement of the Peiping issue.
1950 died in Beijing at the age of 65.
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The Life of the Characters in Ma Zhanshan's Works
In the 11th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1885), 165438+ 10 was born in a peasant family in Gongzhuling City, Jilin Province. A poor peasant, born in the army, worked as a mill worker in his early years and was good at shooting and riding horses. He released his horse to the landlord when he was young, and then he was caught, beaten, imprisoned and forced to pay for it. Later, when the horse came back, the landlord still refused to refund the money. In a rage, Ma Zhanshan became an outlaw on the mountain. Being good at riding and shooting, he was loyal to others and was soon promoted to leader. In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1908), Ma Zhanshan decided to "wash my hands of it" and led his brother to join the army.
19 1 1 year, he took refuge in the patrol camp at the back of Fengtian Road of the Qing army and commanded Wu. From the sentry, company commander, battalion commander, colonel and brigade commander of the Fourth Battalion, he was promoted to the position of commander of the cavalry division of the Northeast Border Guard and commander of the Heihe River.
1925165438+10, Guo Songling rebelled, and Zhang organized forces to resist in Xinmin river area.
1925 12, Ma Zhanshan and Wu fought fiercely with the Guo Songling army near Baiqibao, Xinmin, Liaoning. Jun Guo was defeated, and Ma Zhanshan followed the search and captured the Guo Songling couple alive. 1925, Ma Zhanshan was promoted to brigade commander of the fifth brigade of the Northeast Army 17 Division.
1On June 4th, 928, the Japanese invaders killed Zhang and Wu in Huangshitun, and he vowed that "public hatred and personal enmity will be avenged". 1929 was appointed commander-in-chief of cavalry in Heilongjiang province by Zhang Xueliang. He used to be commander-in-chief of cavalry in Heilongjiang province and commander of Heihe police.
1930 served as commander of Heihe garrison and brigade commander of the third infantry brigade.
193 1 After the September 18th Incident, Zhang Xueliang appointed him as acting chairman and military commander-in-chief of Heilongjiang provincial government. When the Japanese Kwantung Army unreasonably asked the China army to leave Jiangqiao (now Jiangqiao Town, Tailai County, Heilongjiang Province);
193 1 year1October16th, the puppet army Zhang Haipeng attacked Nenjiang Bridge, and Ma Zhanshan led the troops to defeat it. He made it clear that "I am ordered to be the head of a province, and it is my duty to defend my country", and "I will never dare to make a certain scale of land fall into an alien race in my lifetime". When the Japanese invaded Jiangqiao, the defenders destroyed three holes on the bridge.
193 1 year165438+1October 3rd, Ma Zhanshan rejected the Japanese ultimatum.
193 1 year165438+1October 4th, Japanese troops stormed the garrison position of Jiangqiao. He ordered resistance. Because the enemy was outnumbered, there was no backup, the equipment was crude, and there were heavy casualties (it was said that the casualties died in one bridge and piled up several floors), and they had to evacuate Jiangqiao after half a month of fighting. Ma Zhanshan personally went to the front line to direct the battle and repeatedly defeated the Japanese attack. The bloody battle between "Ma bu" or horse stance just look and Jiangqiao gave great encouragement to the people all over the country. Ma Zhanshan's name soon spread all over the country, and letters of condolence came like snowflakes. People praised him as a patriotic soldier and a national hero. However, due to the continuous reinforcement of the Japanese army, Ma Bu fought alone.
193 1 year1month 18 after destroying the Japanese puppet troops 1000 people, they had to retreat to Qiqihar.
193 1 year1month 2 1 day, retreat to Helen and continue to resist the enemy.
193 1 65438 In February, the Kuomintang government appointed him as the chairman of Heilongjiang Province. Shanghai, Harbin and other places organized "anti-Japanese groups to help horses", and Shanghai Fuchang Tobacco Company also produced "General Ma Zhanshan" cigarettes to boost morale.
1932, Ma Zhanshan pretended to surrender and became the puppet governor of Heilongjiang and the military and political chief of Manchukuo. He secretly used 12 cars and 6 cars to transport 24 million yuan, 300 war horses and other military supplies out of the city, raising the anti-Japanese flag again. Ma Zhanshan held a meeting with Du Li, Ding Chao and other military representatives in Baiquan, and changed Heihe garrison headquarters to the provincial administrative office. There were 7,000 people in the three roads, and Ma Zhanshan was elected commander-in-chief of the Salvation Army in Heilongjiang Province. At the meeting, the Japanese army was attacked in three ways. In less than half a year, Ma Zhanshan led a heavy blow to the Japanese puppet troops and wiped out the arrogance of Japanese aggression. Later, due to the defeat of the war, he retreated to the Soviet Union.
1On June 3rd, 933, Ma Zhanshan returned to Shanghai from the Soviet Union, met with Chiang Kai-shek three times and volunteered for the war of resistance.
1936 65438+1served as lieutenant general on October 22nd.
1936 12 went to an, participated in the An Incident, and supported the An Incident launched by Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng to force Jiang to resist Japan.
1937 After the July 7th Incident, Chiang Kai-shek appointed Ma Zhanshan as the commander-in-chief of the March of the Northeast Court and the commander-in-chief of Zhaofu in the four northeastern provinces, and led his troops to Suiyuan (now Hohhot), Baotou and Wuyuan. Later, he served as the chairman of Heilongjiang provincial government and led his department to continue the war of resistance. 1May, 938, the headquarters was located in Halazhai (now Ha Town), Fugu County, Shaanxi Province.
1938165438+10, Ma Zhanshan went to Yan 'an for medical treatment due to illness. After his recovery, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Shensi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region held a grand reception. Mao Zedong delivered a speech at the meeting, praising him as a consistent national hero who fought the war to the end.
1945, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression was promoted to the rank of general after his victory.
1947, Chiang Kai-shek appointed Ma Zhanshan as the deputy commander of northeast security, but he refused to take office.
1948 during the battle of Peiping and Tianjin, Ma Zhanshan resolutely abandoned the darkness and stepped forward to help Fu make up his mind to hand over Peiping peacefully, which promoted the process of Peiping's peaceful liberation.
At the beginning of 1949, he persuaded Fu to accept the peaceful adaptation, and suggested to Fu that Deng Baoshan should be the negotiator to China, which made useful work for promoting the peaceful liberation of Beiping.
1in June, 950, Mao Zedong asked his secretary to call Ma Zhanshan and invite him to attend the second session of the first session in Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. Ma Zhanshan was very excited, but unfortunately he couldn't attend because of his serious illness. On the day before the opening of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Chairman Mao's office also called to inquire about Ma Zhanshan's illness and prepared to send a car to pick him up, but he was too ill to act.
1950 1 1 month, the condition worsened.
1950165438+20: 061On October 29th, Ma Zhanshan died of lung cancer in Beijing at the age of 65 and was buried in Beijing Wan 'an Cemetery.
He left these words to his children: "I saw with my own eyes that under the leadership of Chairman Mao and the China Producer Party, the people of the whole country were liberated, new democracy was successfully implemented, and everyone lived and worked in peace and contentment. The new country in my life has been built. Although I am long gone, I can find comfort in the grave. I order you to follow my will and, under the wise leadership of the people's government, work hard for the construction of new China in good faith, be realistic and never slack off. "
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Ma Zhanshan people's family
Ma's ancestral home is rich in Hebei. In the early years of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty, grandfather Ma Wanlong and grandmother Liu fled to the northeast. Settled in Xitan Yaotun, Maojiachengzi Village, Maojiacheng Town, Huaide County. Later, Liu gave birth to Ma Zhanshan's father, and the family of three lived a helpless and poor life.
When Ma Chun grew up, he was penniless and worked as a porter for landlords in this village for many years. Later, she married the daughter of a family named Liu in Bentun. They have worked hard for many years, bought a few acres of thin land, and rented a few acres of land from local landlords to support the whole family. Ma Chun is honest and kind. Illiteracy, soon after marriage gave birth to a man and a woman, the man is Ma Zhanshan. Born on1885165438+1October 30th.
Ma Zhanshan and his ex-wife Du Zanyi have a son and a daughter, the eldest son Ma Kui and the eldest daughter Ma Yuwen.
Ma Kui is a member of Beijing CPPCC.
Ma Zhiwei, the grandson of Ma Zhanshan, is currently a member of the Standing Committee of China People's Political Consultative Conference and vice chairman of Qinghai Provincial Political Consultative Conference.
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Ma Zhanshan's Personality Contribution
Jiangqiao Anti-Japanese War
The Jiangqiao Anti-Japanese War started the first shot of armed resistance against Japanese invaders, which was highly praised and supported by the people of China and inspired the patriotic enthusiasm of the people of China.
1932 In February, after the Japanese captured Harbin, Ma Zhanshan surrendered to Japan and became the governor of the puppet Heilongjiang Province, and later served as the military and political minister of the puppet Manchukuo. In April of the same year, he got rid of Japanese surveillance. Anyway, in "Sending Troops to Heihe River", he continued to electrify the anti-Japanese, exposed the inside story of Manchuria, and served as the commander-in-chief of the Northeast National Salvation Anti-Japanese Coalition. 1936, participated in the An Incident initiated by Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, and later served as the commander-in-chief of Northeast Ting. From 65438 to 0940, he served as the chairman of Heilongjiang Province, and was later elected as an alternate executive member of the Kuomintang Central Committee. 1946 served as deputy commander of northeast security. 1949 1 Together with Fu, Deng Baoshan and others, they accepted the conditions for China's * * * production party to peacefully liberate Peiping and declared an uprising.
On July 1933, 1 1 day, General Ma Zhanshan, a member of the Kuomintang Military Committee laid off in Tianjin, came to Lushan Mountain.
Before boarding the Guling Mountain City, he first came to Zhu Ling at the west foot of Lushan Mountain, and visited the tombs of Yue Fei's mother and wife. Looking at the grave of Mrs. Yue, her mother-in-law, after 800 years of wind and rain, Ma Zhanshan was very sad. When Yue Fei joined the army, his mother-in-law tattooed the words "loyal to the country" on his back with a silver needle in her hand, and pointed to the Big Dipper hanging high in the sky, demanding that her son always walk in the direction of the Big Dipper and make every effort to recover the country. However, Yue Fei failed to realize her mother's wish. It is not that he is incompetent, that he is afraid of death, but that he is passionate and has nowhere to vent. He is loyal to the country and hard to repay! How he wishes he could go straight to Huanglong. "Stay from the beginning, clean up the old mountains and rivers, and go to the sky." But I didn't expect to beat the strong enemy, but I died in the storm pavilion! Why not let future generations lament and dislike?
Ma Zhanshan once shed heroic tears in front of Yue Fei's tomb in the West Lake. Facing Yue Fei's tomb, he couldn't control his feelings. 193 1 In the September 18th Incident, the Japanese army invaded Liaoning and Jilin successively, and then attacked Heilongjiang Province. Ma Zhanshan, then acting chairman of Heilongjiang Province, ignored Chiang Kai-shek's non-resistance policy and led his troops to attack Nenjiang Bridge, which fired the first shot of the Chinese nation's anti-Japanese war and shocked China and foreign countries. Ma Zhanshan became an anti-Japanese hero admired by the whole country, and "Ma Zhanshan" brand cigarettes appeared in the market.
local economy
During his stay in Harbin, Ma Zhanshan actively developed the local economy, especially in culture, charity and education, while sticking to the river defense. 1944 donated 15000 yuan to build Zhongshan Central School (now the predecessor of Ha Town School in Fugu County), and built Xiufang Library and Zhongshan Hall in the school. In order to change the feudal custom of preferring boys to girls, girls are encouraged to go to school and each girl is given a uniform. Xiufang Library, which has been preserved to this day, is a two-story building with a north-south direction and a square meter. It is now a key protected cultural relic building in Fugu County and a youth moral education base under the jurisdiction of Harbin Town. At the same time, Ma Zhanshan saw that Halazhai had a strong feudal ideology and often abandoned babies, so he took out money to set up a nursery (the former site was in Huijiagou, Harbin Town) to take in abandoned babies and hire nannies to raise them. Ma Zhanshan also actively mobilized officers and men to help local repair bridges and roads, repair river banks, and set up paper mills, oil mills and military shoe factories. Develop local economy, establish market and strengthen material exchange between Mongolia and China. General Ma Zhanshan is serious about running the army. He has always been strict with officers and men and has strict military discipline. Those who violate military discipline and harm the vital interests of ordinary people will be resolutely punished.
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Ma Zhanshan Memorial Hall
Former residence of Ma Zhanshan
Ma Zhanshan's former residence was the Northeast Army General, Heihe Garrison Commander, Chairman of Heilongjiang Provincial Government, Governor of Heilongjiang Province of Manchuria and Minister of Military and Political Affairs of Manchuria, Member of the Military Commission of the National Government and Commander-in-Chief of the Northeast Court, Ma Zhanshan, who entered Tianjin from 1934 to 1937. It was built in the 1930' s and the building is located in Severn Road. Then the British Concession in Tianjin (also known as "No.40 Yan 'anli, No.46 Road, British Concession in Tianjin") (now Hunan Road, Heping District 1 1), and it is a historical building with general protection level. The internal structure of the building has been completely destroyed, only its outer eaves have been preserved.
Ma Zhanshan Anti-Japanese Memorial Hall
Fugu county government has allocated 20 million yuan to build the "Ma Zhanshan Anti-Japanese Memorial Hall". Before liberation, Hazhen Town in Fugu County was called Halazhai, located in the northernmost part of Shaanxi Province, at the junction of Shaanxi and Mongolia. During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, this ancient town was once the residence of the anti-Japanese hero General Ma Zhanshan, the military headquarters of the "Northeast March" and the capital of Heilongjiang provincial government.
General Ma Zhanshan Memorial Hall
General Ma Zhanshan Memorial Hall, located at No.219, Wang Su Street, Aihui District, Heihe City, Heilongjiang Province, with a building area of only 269.4m2, is a two-story museum open to the public, with a height of11.2m.. The museum fully shows the military life of General Ma Zhanshan, who put his home country first, insisted on armed resistance to Japan and vowed to serve the country to the death. The exhibition Ma Zhanshan, a famous patriotic general against Japan, is divided into four parts: Ma Zhanshan, a former commander in chief of Heihe River; Ma Zhanshan, who set out from Heihe River to fight against Jiangqiao; Ma Zhanshan, who set out from Heihe River for the second time; and Ma Zhanshan, who was highly praised by President Mao Zedong.
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