The traditional handicraft skill of loading mud fish originated in the thirty years of Qingganlong (1765). Because the skin of loach is very smooth, it is difficult to catch it with bare hands. According to loach's habit of haunting mud holes, the villagers came up with a method of trapping with cages, and "installation" means "trapping" in Guangdong dialect.
This unknown small fish is described in Volume XIV of Xiangshan County Records published in the 12th year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1873): "The bullet fish are Tian fish, Hua fish and Seven-Star fish. The color is gray and black, three or four inches long, with flowers on the body, tender meat and delicious taste, which can be used as soup. " Because the flower fish has been active on the beach for a long time, and its surface color is close to sea mud, the villagers in Hushan Village of Ganwu Town used to call it "mud fish". At present, the market price of loach is about 1 10 yuan/kg, which has high economic value.
Yesterday, the reporter learned from the Propaganda Department of Doumen District, Zhuhai that the traditional custom of "loading loach fish" with a history of more than 240 years has officially become a newly selected national intangible cultural heritage. Doumen District will protect the endangered traditional skills by establishing an ecological protection zone for loach.
The villagers call this beach "mud"
The traditional handicraft skill of "loading mud fish" originated in the thirty years of Qingganlong (1765). Because the skin of loach is very smooth, it is difficult to catch it with bare hands, so the villagers began to ponder the way to catch loach.
I just started fishing and didn't find the right bait. Later, according to the habit that loaches like to hang out in mud pits, I came up with a way to trap them with cages, and "loading" means "trapping" in Cantonese.
More than 240 years ago, the ancestors of Hushan Village, Ganwu Town, Doumen District made a living by "loading loach fish". They transported a large number of fishmongers to Zhongshan, Jiangmen, Xinhui and Taishan, which became a very important trade form at that time.
Until the middle of last century, 90% of rural families in Hushan Village used the income from selling loaches as their main source of family income, and often went out fishing in groups. To this day, the local villagers still affectionately call that vast tidal flat "mud covers all" (Cantonese, meaning the bank on the tidal flat).
The custom of "loading loach" is on the verge of extinction.
As a traditional handicraft skill with a long history, "mud-loaded fish" combines traditional hand-woven and fishing skills and is widely spread in the vast tidal flat of Ganwu Town, Doumen District. But even in Doumen, the birthplace of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, fewer and fewer people know about Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. At present, the villagers who can "loach" in Ganwu Town are mainly middle-aged men over 40 years old, facing the situation of lack of successors.
At the same time, because loach can only live on unpolluted natural beaches, there are fewer and fewer natural beaches with the rapid development of industry today. This traditional custom, which was originally known to local children, is becoming more and more useless, and the scene of "loading loach" is rare.
Jianniyu Natural Ecological Reserve
From 65438 to 0997, Shen, director of Doumen District Cultural Center, compiled and created the dance "Loach" according to this folk custom. He introduced that the type of "loach" is rare in the intangible cultural heritage declaration projects in the province and even the whole country.
Yesterday, the reporter learned from the local propaganda department that for this newly promoted national intangible cultural heritage, the Doumen District Party Committee and the district government have now approved the designation of the area from Dajiaotou Sluice to Lianwan Sluice Beach in Ganwu Town as a loach ecological protection zone.
In order to cultivate inheritors, the "Loach Fish Heritage Base" was established in Huangs Ancestral Hall of Hushan Village, Ganwu Town, and students were often organized to carry out the second classroom activities, teaching them the custom of weaving loach fish cages and fish baskets, letting them know the history of "Loach Fish" and guiding them to actively participate in this activity.
In addition, starting from this year, Ganwu Town will organize a series of large-scale activities of "loading mud fish" from time to time every year, including fish cage weaving contest, mud fish basket weaving contest, on-site "loading mud fish" and other activities, so that the traditional custom of "loading mud fish" can be better inherited and developed in the activities.
In order to prevent the loach from escaping after entering the cage, the villagers constantly improved the loach fish cage and finally woven it into a special fish cage. The cage mouth is woven by three hinges, and the cage tail can be folded.
In order to find the hole where mud fish are infested on the beach faster, the villagers made their own mud boards that can slide on the shallows; In order to protect villagers' feet from being cut by oyster shells on the shallows, women sewed layers of oyster socks, which function like rain boots.
"gaotang puppet show" was once a wonderful flower blooming on the southernmost island of this city. A few days ago, when people witnessed this long-lost local folk art again, Li Guifu, a descendant of "Gaotang puppet show", said sadly: "If effective measures are not taken," Gaotang puppet show "will be on the verge of extinction!"
"Gaotang puppet show" was founded in 1930s and was introduced by Li Guifu's father who moved to Gaotang Island in Xiangshan. In 1950s, Li Ka-shing established the only regular puppet troupe in eastern Zhejiang-Gaotang Puppet Troupe, which performed in Xiangshan Town, Ningbo, Taizhou, Zhoushan and other places, making puppet shows prosperous.
Li Guifu told us that the "gaotang puppet show" at that time was generally based on fairy tales such as The Journey to the West and The List of Gods, with typical plays such as Monkey King Thrice Defeats the Skeleton Demon, Cutting Mountain to Save Mother, and Three Borrowed Banana Fans. This is the most prosperous period of "Gaotang puppet show". After the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, "emperors and generals" and "gifted scholars and beautiful women" were driven off the stage one by one, and "Gaotang puppet show" was no exception. Since then, although modern dramas such as "Midnight Cockcrow" have been staged, they gradually declined due to poor results, and eventually led to the dissolution of the puppet troupe.
In angel lee, Li Guifu took out a puppet left by his father, and explained in detail that the "gaotang puppet show" consists of a bag puppet and a marionette, among which the marionette is the most difficult and artistic of all puppet shows. It has the characteristics of unique skills, simple props, few personnel and low performance cost, and is deeply loved by the masses. Unfortunately, this puppet show has been in eastern Zhejiang since his father died in the 1970s. Fortunately, Mr. and Mrs. Li Guifu and his sister sorted out the remaining props of my late father a few years ago, and finally learned this stunt through long-term thinking and practice under the teaching and guidance they received as children.
As the seventh generation descendants of Li Puppet Show, the couple and his sister are now famous folk artists in Xiangshan County. Whenever cultural activities are held in the village, they will come up with their own unique guest appearances. At the Farmers' Cultural Festival in Gaotang Daoxiang held not long ago, the "Gaotang Puppet Show" shone brilliantly, which not only won warm applause from the audience, but also was highly praised by relevant experts. At present, Li Guifu, who is bent on rebuilding the Gaotang Puppet Troupe, has submitted an application report to the local cultural department to rescue endangered operas, but it is difficult to find a qualified eighth-generation successor at the moment. In this regard, he is nearly 50 years old this year and said with great anxiety: "It would be a pity if the puppet show that has been passed down for seven generations is lost in my hands."
Due to the rapid development of social economy, Jingtai, a traditional folk performing art that once spread all over many villages, is facing extinction.
The descendants of "Tiehua" performed art in the county.
In order to let more people watch the performance, the relevant departments of Jingtai County, Baiyin City invited Zhang and his son from Luyang Town, the heir of "Tietiehua", to the county seat.
The reporter saw at the scene that Zhang and his son were making preparations before the performance. Under the "roaring" wooden bellows, two small stoves with a diameter of about 20 cm have been "flopped". Master Zhang told reporters that although the furnace is small, the temperature inside the furnace is very high. When the iron in the furnace melts, you can perform "striking iron flowers".
When Lao Zhangman Zheng Sheng lifted the sealing plate of the furnace mouth, huge red light and heat immediately gushed out of the furnace, which made several operators blush. In the stove, in the pot the size of a cup, the iron has turned into a red solution. Later, the old man held a thumb-sized pottery spoon with pliers, slowly scooped out the solution and poured it on the boards held by several strong men next to him.
Just at that moment, the strong man immediately ran a few steps forward and flew the iron juice with a temperature of more than 1000 degrees into the air. The iron juice suddenly turned into thousands of stars and rains, and the flowers were scattered all over the floor like a goddess. The flowers were colorful and amazing, which caused the audience to exclaim from time to time.
Successors are on the verge of extinction.
According to Shen Weixian of Jingtai County Cultural Center, Jingtai's "iron-striking flower" is a folk festival custom formed by the blacksmith's splash and dazzling spectacle in the process of iron-striking, which is similar to setting off fireworks now. It has a long history and prevailed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It has a history of more than 400 years. This is the traditional folk custom of Jingtai. It once prevailed in Jingtai Five Buddhas, Luyang, Hongshui, Stan, Xiquan, Zhengdu and Zhongquan. However, with the sustained development of social economy, fireworks and firecrackers gradually occupied the festival market, and "it is necessary to strike while the iron is hot" gradually faded out of people's field of vision.
In recent years, due to the death of the older generation of artists, the surviving ones are old, and it is difficult for "Tie Tie Hua" to make a living, which makes the skill of "Tie Tie Hua" lack of successors and is on the verge of being lost.
It is understood that since 2000, Jingtai County has carried out a series of protection and rescue measures to save and protect the traditional folk culture and art of "Tietiehua", but the endangered situation is still very prominent. At present, Baiyin City has listed Jingtai "Tie Tie Hua" in the municipal intangible cultural heritage protection list, and declared it to the superior in May this year to actively strive for "provincial heritage".
Big-cavity opera has the reputation of "living fossil" of drama. Experts believe that the experience of Daqiang Opera is actually the same problem faced by many intangible cultural heritages. The protection of Daqiang Opera requires government departments to strengthen protection and draft and implement the Law on the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage as soon as possible, so as to protect intangible cultural heritage by legislation. 2; BEIJING, Hohhot, March 22 (Reporter Li) Vocal experts in China said on the 22nd that Humai singing art, known as "the voice of nature" and "the living fossil of Mongolian folk music", is facing extinction, and the rescue operation is "time is pressing".
"At present, there are only about 100 people in the country who can sing Humai, including students in the primary stage." The bass singer of Inner Mongolia Radio and Television Art Troupe and the famous Humai singer Hugue Gilletu told reporters. Humai, also known as "Lin Haochao", is an ancient national singing method of Mongolian people. It is a unique "throat art" in the world, which uses the vocal organs of the human body to sing two voices at the same time.
At the end of 2005, the Ministry of Culture of China listed Humai in the first batch of recommended projects of China's intangible cultural heritage. 3; China has a long history of culture, but now, those ancient cultures are getting farther and farther away from us, and some of them are even lost. Faced with this situation, Chinese people reflect.
Movies and movies have replaced shadow play, mechanized production has replaced scattered craftsmen, and alarm clocks have replaced bell ringers ... The changes of the times have given life a new look, and the manual operation closest to nature has been robbed of the baton by progress. Only in remote villages do people continue to write about these ancient lives.
shadow play
Shadow play is also called "light shadow play" and "local shadow play". According to legend, during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, shadow play first spread in Hebei, Shaanxi and other places, with different shapes, changeable styles and numerous tracks. During the Qing Dynasty, French priests brought shadow play to France, which was called "Chinese shadow play". Later, it spread to other European countries, causing a sensation.
Shadow play, that is, the leather characters manipulated by the performers in shadow play, are made of sheepskin or donkey skin. In operation, the leather is scraped and carved, then dyed and oiled, and finally the image of the shadow play performer is displayed on the screen through light irradiation.
Ship repairman
It is difficult to confirm when the ship set sail. From the canoe of primitive people to the 10,000-ton ship crossing the ocean today, people's journey on water is long and great, bearing thousands of years of human civilization. Wooden boats, once brilliant and brilliant in the past, gradually withdrew from the rivers and lakes and faded out of people's lives in the constantly updated shipbuilding materials and technologies and the increasingly developed land and air transportation.
Ship repairers, originally from all over the world, do some work such as sawing wood, putting materials, nailing edges, turning holes, mixing pulp and mending seams. Now, almost unemployed.
Make a steelyard
The steelyard has a long history in China. According to ancient books, there was a businessman named Tao Zhugong in ancient times. Inspired by the pumping crossbar, he invented the sixteen-two-system steelyard. The steelyard has bone poles, wood poles and metal poles; Weighing weights include stone weights and metal weights; There are two hanging ropes and three hanging ropes. The unit of measurement developed from the use of baht and beam in Xia and Shang Dynasties to that of baht, beam, gold, jun and stone in Zhou Dynasty. It was not until after liberation that it was changed to 12 1 kg.
The process of making a steelyard is complicated, and it is estimated that there are thirty or forty procedures in total. Generally, the pole of a steelyard is put in hardwood to dry for about a year, and then it is shaped, planed and polished, so as to play the line, determine the star position and lift the rope. Now electronic scales are very popular, but occasionally I can bump into a slightly dim figure.
Striped ribbon
In that era when men plowed and women wove, needlework such as spinning, weaving, embroidery, sewing clothes and tying flowers was a compulsory course for women. The quality of needlework seems to be an important criterion to judge whether a girl is hardworking and virtuous. Almost all Miao women in the southeast will tie flowers. Ribbon is an ornament of their costumes, an important tool to carry children and an important token of lovers.
You can use a chair, two hands and a few flower threads to lightly operate the ribbon, or you can make simple tools by yourself and make them professionally.
coppersmith
The history of human use of bronzes has reached 6000 years. Most of the daily necessities used to be bronzes. Copper pots, spoons, shovels and locks are the most common, and the ring at the gate is also made of copper. The doors of boxes and cabinets should have copper handles. For wealthy families, round copper skin should be nailed to the cabinet door, and the corners should be covered with copper and engraved with auspicious patterns.
The coppersmith carried a cart full of bronzes and plates, climbed mountains and mountains, ate hundreds of meals, walked around the streets, made handicrafts and made a sweet jingle. Making bronzes and repairing bronzes, the scenery is passable. Now, with the rich variety of materials and the popularization of mechanized production, manual coppersmith has lost his position and is gradually forgotten by people.
Fixed abacus
The abacus, also known as "China's computer", is a computing tool invented by China people. The ancients used sticks to calculate, which was called "calculation", and the calculation with calculation as a tool was called "calculation". Later, with the development of production, the calculation with wooden sticks was limited, so people invented a more advanced calculator-abacus. The abacus was later spread to Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia and other countries and regions.
Today, due to the prevalence of electronic calculators, abacus has gradually withdrawn from the practical field.
Painting new year pictures
In China, New Year pictures have a long history. During the Spring Festival, every household will put up bright and pleasing New Year pictures to add a peaceful atmosphere to the Spring Festival. Before the Tang Dynasty, New Year pictures were mostly hand-painted door gods; In the late Sui Dynasty, there were woodblock New Year pictures. In the Song Dynasty, woodcuts replaced portraits. In the Qing Dynasty, due to the great development of painting technology and carving technology, woodblock New Year pictures entered a peak period. The woodblock New Year pictures of Taohuawu in Suzhou, Jiangsu, Yangliuqing in Tianjin and Yangjiabu in Weifang, Shandong are world-famous.
straw sandals
Straw sandals are woven from straw. Weaving straw sandals in many places is not called weaving, but "beating". The tools for playing straw sandals are shoe rake (a tool for playing straw sandals), waistline and mallet.
When weaving straw sandals, the old man who plays straw sandals ties a straw rope around his waist, sits at one end of the shoe rake, and weaves the pre-made straw rope into four strands, with one end tied around his waist and the other end buckled on the shoe rake. While knitting, he knocked it out with a press and a wooden pestle. Both ends of the sole plate are oval, wide in front and narrow in back, just fitting the foot. There are also two rows of ear buckles in front and back of the sandals, and a string passes through the ear buckles and covers the feet. Nowadays, straw sandals have long lost their practical value and are mostly used for people's travel commemoration and nostalgia.
Draw Tang Hua.
Small vendors selling Tang Hua carry the burden of sugar, including stoves, pots, slates, shovels, stools and turntables. They drew a circle of small animals on the turntable. If you turn to something, he will draw you an animal with sugar, so Tang Hua is also called turning to sugar. When making Tang Hua, the master put the refined brown sugar (or white sugar) into a copper spoon and heated it to melt. Then, with the copper spoon as a pen and the sugar solution as ink, he concentrated on moving his wrist. On the smooth marble slate, it was fast and slow, high and low. With the continuous falling of sugar, the images of birds and animals, flowers and birds, insects and fish, mythical figures and so on were vividly presented.